Makumi gumi namashanu muAfghanistan: Mimwe mibvunzo, Mhinduro Dzose-Uye Zvino Zvimwe Makore mana Ezvo

NaAnn Wright.

Muna Zvita 2001, makore anodarika gumi nemashanu apfuura, ndaive muchikwata chidiki chevanhu vashanu chakavhura zvakare Mumiriri weUS muKabul, Afghanistan. Zvino makore gumi neshanu gare gare, iyo mimwe mibvunzo yatakabvunza angangoita makumi maviri emakore apfuura iri kubvunzwa nezve kubatanidzwa kweUS kuAfghanistan uye tiri kuwana yakawanda yemhinduro dzakafanana.  

Mibvunzo ndeiyi: nei takagara muAfghanistan kwemakore gumi nemashanu uye kupi mabhiriyoni emadhora akaiswa kuUS muAfghanistan?  

Uye mhinduro dzakafanana gore rimwe nerimwe-US iri muAfghanistan kukunda MaTaliban neAl Qaeda, (uye zvino mamwe mapoka evanyanyisa) saka havagone kurwisa United States. Kwemakore gumi neshanu, mauto epamberi uye akabhadharwa mari kwazvo pasi rose akaedza kukunda maTaliban neAl Qaeda, zvine hungwaru mauto ehurumende ane mari shoma uye asina shongedzo pasi rose, uye haana kubudirira. 

Mari yaenda kupi? Zvizhinji zvaenda kuDubai kwemafurati uye condos yevatungamiriri veAfghan uye kune vanoita basa (US, Afghan nevamwe) avo vakaita mamirioni kubva mukubatanidzwa kweUS muAfghanistan.

PaFebruary 9, 2017, komiti yedare reSenate Armed Services pamusangano weAfghanistan, John Nicholson, mukuru wemauto eUS Forcesistan, vakapindura mibvunzo kwemaawa maviri muSenate ichinzwa nezvekupindira kweUS muAfghanistan. Akaisawo tsamba makumi maviri yakanyorwa chirevo pane zvazviri muAfghanistan. http://www.armed-services. senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ Nicholson_02-09-17.pdf

Mukupindura mumwe mubvunzo weSeneta, "Russia irikupindira muAfghanistan here?", Nicholson akapindura achiti: "Kunyange Russia ichirwisa zvinodhaka nezveAfghanistan nekurwiswa nemagandanga kubva kumapoka ane hukasha muAfghanistan, kubvira 2016 tinotenda kuti Russia yanga ichibatsira vaTaliban mu kuraira kushora iyo US uye NATO basa. VaTaliban ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nemamwe mapoka ekunyanyisa muAfghanistan. Tiri kunetsekana nezvekuwedzera kwekudyidzana pakati peRussia nePakistan izvo zvinoramba zvichipa nzvimbo tsvene yevakuru veTaliban hutungamiriri. Russia nePakistan vabata kurovedza pamwe kwemauto muPakistan. "Isu nevamwe vedu vekuCentral Asia tinotya zvinangwa zveRussia."

Nicholson akati "kufambira mberi kuri kuenderera mberi kuitwa pachirongwa cheU.S. chekudzidzisa, kuraira uye kuongorora (TAA) mauto eAfghan ekuchengetedza." Hapana Seneta akabvunza kuti sei mushure memakore gumi nematanhatu US inofanirwa kuenderera ichiita kudzidziswa kumwe-uye kuti rudzii rwekudzidzira rwakaenda kunodzidzisa mauto anokwanisa kukunda maTaliban nemamwe mapoka. 

Nicholson akati US neNATO vakazvipira kumakore mashoma kana mana muAfghanistan kumusangano weNATO muWarsaw, Poland muna Chikunguru 2016. Pamusangano wevabatsiri kuBrussels muna Gumiguru 2016, nyika dzinopa makumi manomwe neshanu dzakapa madhora gumi nemashanu emadhora ekuenderera mberi kwekuvakazve Afuganisitani. IUS icharamba ichipa madhora mabhiriyoni mashanu pagore kusvika 75. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Mutsamba yake yakanyorwa Nicholson akawedzera kuti mamwe marudzi makumi matatu akavimbisa mari inodarika madhora mazana masere emadhora gore rega rega kuti abhadhare Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) kusvika kumagumo kwa30 uye kuti munaGunyana, India yakawedzera $ 800B ku $ 2020B iyo yakatozvipira Kubudirira kweAfghanistan.

Kubva 2002, iyo US Congress yakagadza mari inodarika mabhiriyoni emadhora 117 kuti Afghanistan ivakwezve (kudzidzisa mauto eAfghan, kuchengetedza hurumende yeAfghan, ichipa hutano nekudzidzisa kuvanhu veAfghan, nekusimudzira hupfumi hweAfghan). chero nyika munhoroondo yeUnited States.  https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

VaNicholson vakati masoja e8,448 eU.S. kuAfghanistan izvozvi anofanirwa kuramba achichengetedza US kubva kumapoka ane hukasha muAfghanistan nePakistan mune makumi maviri nemasere emapoka emagandanga akasarudzwa pasi rose. Vati hapana kubatana pakati peAfghanistan Taliban neISIS, asi kuti varwi vazhinji veISIS vanobva / kuburikidza nePakistani Taliban.

Gore rapfuura, kubva munaKurume 2016, paive neangangoita 28,600 Dhipatimendi reDziviriro (DOD) vashandi vekontrakta muAfghanistan, zvichienzaniswa nemauto e8,730 eU.S. Pakati pevane mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemazana matanhatu emakambani emakontrakta eDOD, 77 vaive zvizvarwa zveUS uye vangangoita 28,600, kana vangangoita 9,640%, vaive vega makondirakiti vega https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf

Sezvo mauto ehondo mauto akaramba akafanana mumakore akapfuura, mumwe angangobuditsa pachena kuti huwandu hwevashandi vehurumende vanoita zvakafanana ne2017 kune huwandu hwevashandi vemauto e37,000 eUS uye maDOD makontrakiti muAfghanistan.

Huwandu hukuru hwemauto eUS muAfghanistan aive 99,800 muchikamu chechipiri che2011 uye huwandu hwakanyanya hwevamiriri vemauto aive 117,227 iyo 34,765 vaive zvizvarwa zveU.S. vaive mune yechipiri chikamu che2012 kune huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita 200,000 US vashandi munyika. kunze kwevashandi veDhipatimendi reNyika uye makondirakiti  https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ natsec/R44116.pdf   Ruzivo pahuwandu hwevashandi veDhipatimendi reHurumende uye makondirakiti gore rega rega muAfghanistan harisi kuwanikwa

Kubva muna Gumiguru 2001 kusvika 2015, 1,592 makondirakita akazvimirira (vangangoita makumi matatu neshanu muzana vaive maAmerican) vachishanda pazvibvumirano zveDhipatimendi reDziviriro vakaurayiwawo muAfghanistan. Mu32, kanopfuura kaviri zvakapetwa kontrakita yakazvimiririra yakaurayiwa muAfghanistan kupfuura mauto eUS (makumi mashanu emauto eU.S. uye makontrakta 2016 vakaurawa).

http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/ 05/29/the-new-unknown- soldiers-of-afghanistan-and- iraq/

Sénata McCaskill vakabvunza Nicholson mibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro pekuenderera mberi nekunyongana mukati mehurumende yeAfghan uye nemakontrakta emuno neepasi rose. Nicholson akataura kuti mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, anotenda kuti US pakupedzisira inokwanisa kuona "chipoko" chemasoja pamubhadharo wemauto uye kumisa kubhadhara kumutungamiri wemauto anga aendesa mazita. Pamusoro pezvo, Nicholson akawedzera kuti maererano nezvazvino zvichangoburwa kuDhipatimendi reHurumende reInspector General mushumo pamusoro penyonganiso nehuwori munzvimbo yechibvumirano yakati madhora mazana maviri emamiriyoni ekubhadhara zvakwakawanda kune vanoita basa rekondirakiti yemabhiriyoni emadhora kwakakonzera kutongwa kwemumwe mukuru weAfghan mane contactors akarambidzwa kubhidha zvibvumirano. Kubhadharwa kune "chipoko chemasoja" uye kubhadharwa kwepeturu kwakave kwakanyanya kukonzera huori munguva pfupi yapfuura muAfghanistan. https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/ quarterlyreports/2017-01-30qr. pdf

Mumwezve Seneta ane nyika yakaparadzwa nekuwandisa kwemishonga akabvunza kuti, "Nekufa kwakawanda muUS kubva mukunyanyisa kwezvinodhaka kuri kuuya maopiya anouya achibva kuAfghanistan, nei US / NATO isina kubvisa minda yeopiyamu muAfghanistan?" Nicholson akapindura kuti: “Handizivi, uye harisi basa redu rechiuto. Rimwe sangano rinofanira kuzviita. ”

Nicholson akataura kuti kuyedza kuyananisa naTaliban nemamwe mapoka hakuna kubudirira. Musi waGunyana 29, 2016, gumi nemana kurwisa neSoviet Union, mamwe mauto ehondo panguva yehondo yevagari vemo, Taliban uye US / NATO, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, mutungamiri weHezb-e Islami akasaina chibvumirano cherunyararo nehurumende yeAfghan ichibvumira kudzoka 20,000 mauto nemhuri dzavo kuAfghanistan.  https://www.afghanistan- analysts.org/peace-with- hekmatyar-what-does-it-mean- for-battlefield-and-politics/

Nicholson akataura kuti vamwe varwi veAfghan vanoramba vachichinja mubatanidzwa maererano neboka ripi rinopa mari yakanyanya uye chengetedzo.

Mutsamba yakavhurika https://www.veteransforpeace. org/pressroom/news/2017/01/30/ open-letter-donald-trump-end- us-war-afghanistan kuna Mutungamiriri VaTrump kupedza Hondo yeAfghanistan, masangano mazhinji uye vanhu vakakurudzira mutungamiri mutsva weUS kuti apedze hondo refu kwazvo munhoroondo yenyika.

"Kuraira vechidiki vechidiki vakadzi vekuAmerican ku-kuuraya-kana-kufa chinangwa chakaitwa 15 makore apfuura kune zvakawanda zvekubvunza. Kuvatarisira kuti vatende muchinangwa ichocho zvakawandisa. Icho chokwadi chinogona kubatsira kutsanangura uyu: muurayi wepamusoro wemasoja eUS kuAfghanistan kuzviuraya. Chechipiri chakanyanya kuuraya vemauto eAmerica chakasvibirira pane yebhuruu, kana wechidiki weAfghan uyo US iri kudzidziswa vari kutendeuka zvombo zvavo kune avo vanodzidzisa! Iwewe unozviziva izvi, achiti: "Ngatibve kuAustralia. Hondo dzedu dziri kuurawa nemaAfghan tinodzidzisa uye tinoparadza mabhiriyoni ipapo. Nonsenzi! Ongudzazve USA. "

Kuregererwa kwemauto eUnited States kuchavewo kwakanaka kune vanhu veAfghan, sezvo kuvapo kwevarwi vekune imwe nyika kwave chiri chipingamupinyi kune hurukuro dzorugare. VaAfghan ivo pachavo vanofanira kusarudza ramangwana ravo, uye vachakwanisa chete kuita izvi kana pane kuguma kune dzimwe nyika kupindira.

Tinokukurudzira kuti utende peji pane ino njodzi mauto kupindira. Huyai nemauto ese eUS kumba kubva kuAfghanistan. Kumisa ndege dzeU.S. uye panzvimbo, pamutengo wemubhadharo, batsira vanhu vemuAfgh nechikafu, pekugara, uye nemidziyo yekurima. "

Makumi gumi nemashanu emibvunzo imwechete nemhinduro dzakafanana nezvehondo yeAfghanistan. Yenguva yekugumisa hondo.

Pamusoro peMunyori: Ann Wright akashanda makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muUS Army / Army Reserve uye akasiya basa seColonel. Akashandawo makore gumi nematanhatu semumiriri weUS kuNicaragua, Grenada, Somalia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sierra Leone, Micronesia, Afghanistan neMongolia. Akasiya chigaro kubva kuhurumende yeUS munaKurume 29 achipikisana nehondo yaMutungamiri Bush kuIraq. Kubva paakasiya basa, adzokera kuAfghanistan katatu uye kuPakistan kamwe.