Usataure nezve US Mauto Kabhonzo Carprint!

NaCaroline Davies, Kukadzi 4, 2020

Kuwedzera Kunopandukira (XR) US kune zvina Zvinodiwa zvehurumende yedu, yemuno neyenyika, yekutanga iri "Taura chokwadi". Chimwe chokwadi icho chisiri kutaurwa kana kutaurwa nezvazvo pachena, ndiko kabhodhi tsoka uye humwe hunhu hunogadzirisa hweUS Mauto. 

I Ndakaberekerwa kuUK uye, kunyangwe ikozvino ndiri mugari weUS, ndaona kuti vanhu havana kugadzikana kutaura chero chinhu chisina kunaka nezveUS Military pano. Sezvo tashanda nevakawanda vakakuvadzwa veteran semuviri Therapist, Ini ndoziva kukosha kwazvakaita kwatiri tsigira vedu veterans; veterans vazhinji veVietnam vachiri kurwadziwa nekupomerwa mhosva uye nekusarura pavaiuya kumba kubva kuhondo. Zvinotyisa zvakaita sehondo kumunhu wese anenge achibatanidzwa, kunyanya varwi vari munyika dzatiri kurwisa, varwi vanotevera yedu mirairo - kuburikidza nevamiriri we vakasarudzwa. Kutsoropodzwa kwemauto edu hakusi kushoropodzwa kwavarwi vedu; iko kushoropodzwa kwa us: isu zvese pamwe chete nebasa rehukuru hwemauto edu uye zvazvinoita.

Hatigone kuramba takanyarara nezve zvatiri kuraira varwi vedu kuti vaite, izvo zvinokonzera kutambudzika kwavari uye kusingaverengeki vamwe vasingazivikanwe pasi rose, kana kuti zvikuru sei mauto edu ari kubatsira padambudziko redu remamiriro ekunze. Vanoverengeka veterans vari kutaura pachavo. Nekuda kwezviitiko zvavo pachavo, vari kuyedza kuti titarise nezvekuparadza kwevanhu nevemamiriro ekunze ehondo uye kukuvara kwehunhu kuvarwi vanobatanidzwa. Veterans Runyararo vanga vachitaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvese izvi kubva 1985 uye Nezve Chiso, yakaumbwa mushure me9 / 11, yakazvirondedzera se "Veterans kutora nhanho kurwisa uto nehondo dzisingaperi". Iwo maviri emapoka aya ave kutaura achishevedzera pamusoro pe chero Hondo neIran.

Mauto eU.S. is kutaura nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuronga kuti zvichaita sei kwavari. US Army War College yakapa chirevo muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rino, "Zvazvinoita Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze kuUS Army".   Ganhuro yechipiri yenyaya yemapeji makumi mashanu neshanu yakati "Chidzidzo hachina kutarisa kupa kurongeka kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze (kwakaitwa nevanhu kana zvakasikwa), sezvo kurasikirwa kwakasiyana nemhedzisiro uye kusinei neanosvika makore makumi mashanu ekutarisirwa kudzidza uku. .. Fungidzira dhipatimendi remoto rinonongedza mashoma emagetsi ekupomba pane imwe imba inopfuta; wobva wafungidzira kuti iwo mudhipatimendi rimwe chete raizonyora chirevo pamusoro pezvavaizoita izvi nekukurumidza, vasingatauri (kana kuronga) kudzima mazhenje avo ekuputika. Ini ndakatsamwa pandakaverenga izvi. Mamwe ese mushumo unofanotaura ramangwana risati rasvika rehurumende kusagadzikana, chirwere uye kutama kwakawanda uye zvinotsanangura kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze se "kutyisidzira kuwedzera". Pasinei nechinangwa chavo chekudzivirira chero chekuzviongorora, chirevo, neimwe nzira, inorondedzera Hondo huru yekuparadza kabhoni, muchetura muchetura uye kucheka kwevhu, uye nekupfupikisa izvi zvinotevera:

 "Muchidimbu, mauto idambudziko renzvimbo"

Kana US Army inogona kutaura izvi mumishumo yavo, ipapo nei tisiri kutaura nezvazvo? Muna 2017 "Mauto Emuchadenga akatenga mafuta anokosha mabhiriyoni emadhora 4.9 uye Navy $ 2.8 bhiriyoni, achiteverwa nemauto ku $ 947 mamirioni uye maMarines pamadhora makumi matatu nematanhatu". The US Airforce inoshandisa shanu mafuta anopfuura mashoma kupfuura mauto eUS, saka chii chinoita izvozvo? Njodzi yemhoteredzo x 5?

Mushure mekuverenga iyo US Army War College Report, ndakagadzirira "kutarisana nevazhinji". Zvakazoitika kuti Mutyairi Wemauto Lt. General aitaura pane inotevera Sustainability Chiitiko, yakatsigirwa naJulie Anne Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability uye iyo Chirongwa cheAmerican Security on "Kusaruta Kubasa: Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze uye Chengetedzo Yenyika". Zvakakwana! Ndakaona kuti pane hurukuro dzinoverengeka pagore kuArizona State University (ASU) nenhengo dzeanoshandisa zvombo varatidziro yavo yazvino uye yakanyanya kuraramisa mhinduro, zvakadaro nzou muroom haina kuzombotaurwa. Ini handisi ndega nhengo yeXR yaida kutaura pachiitiko ichi. Pakati pedu, takakwanisa kusimudza akawanda, kana asiri ese, ezvinyorwa zvinotevera: 

 (Ndokumbira utore nguva yekugaya manhamba anotevera - ari kudedera paunoita.)

• Iuto remauto eUnited States kabhoni rakakura kupfuura chero rimwe sangano riripasi, uye zvichienderana nekushandisa kwaro mafuta chete, ndiro 47th yakakura emitter ye greenhouse gasi munyika.
• Yedu bhajeti remauto 2018 raive zvakaenzana nenyika nomwe dzinotevera kusanganiswa.
• 11% yebhajeti rezvemauto rinogona kutsigira zvakare simba rekuvandudza nokuti ose kumba kuUS.
• Iko kufarira paNational Chikwereti che 2020 ndiko $ 479 bhiriyoni. Kunyangwe isu takapedza zvakanyanya paIraq neAfghanistan Wars, isu taishandisa chikwereti kuvabatsira uye zvakadaro kudzikisira mutero wedu.

Yedu Discretionary Budget ye2020 ($ 1426 bhiriyoni) yakakamurwa seinotevera:

• 52% kana madhora mazana manomwe emakumi manomwe emamiriyoni emauto, uye $ 989 bhiriyoni, paunowedzera mune mabhajeti eVeterans Affairs, Dhipatimendi reNyika, Dziviriro muNyika, Cybersecurity, National Nuclear Security uye FBI.
• 0.028% kana $ 343 miriyoni to Renewable energy.
• 2% kana $ 31.7 bhiriyoni pasimba uye nharaunda.

Pane zvawakarasikirwa nazvo, iyo chikamu cheizvo zvatakashandisa paRenewable Energy iri 0.028% kana $ 343 miriyoni tichienzanisa nezvatinoshandisa muchiuto icho chaive 52% kana $ 734 bhiriyoni. isu tinoshandisa dzinoda kusvika ka2000 nguva zhinji muchiuto chedu kupfuura zvatinoita pane simba rinowedzeredzwa. Izvi zvine musoro here kwauri kupiwa dambudziko ratiri? Vaviri vedu maSeneta uye vangangoita vese vamiriri veimba yedu vakavhotera bhajeti iri muNational Defense Authorization Act ye2020, zvimwe zvishoma zvinoshamisa.

Kutaura kweGeneral kuASU kwaive kuri kuitirwa kuti kunyevera veruzhinji nezve mamiriro ekunze nekukurumidza uye zvazvinoreva pakuchengetedza kwedu; takabvumirana naye zvakakwana pamusoro peizvi, kunyangwe kana isu tingave takasiyana pamhinduro. Aive nenyasha nekutipa nguva yekutaura uye, pakupera kwehurukuro akati "hurukuro iyi yave pamusoro -1%% yandakapa kutenderera nyika". Zvichida, iye, sesu, akanzwa zviri nani kutanga iyi hurukuro yakaoma.

Nguva zhinji ndinosangana nevanhu vanonyatsoziva zvavari kutaura nezvazvo nezvedambudziko redu remamiriro ekunze; vakadzidza kuchengetedza zvakadzama, vanowanzobva kuinjiniya kana kwesainzi mamiriro, uye vanondiudza izvi zvinhu zviviri zvakafanana: "Chinhu chakakosha chatinogona kushandisa kushandisa mari shoma tichisiya kupisa mafuta ezve mafuta" - izvo hazvifanirwewo kushanda kune US Mauto?         

Vazhinji vedu muExpinction Rebellion vakatotora matanho ekudzora tsoka yedu yekabhoni sekudzikamisa dzimba dzedu kana kuenda vasina mota, uye vamwe vedu vakamira kubhururuka. Asi chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti, kunyangwe munhu asina pekugara kuUS akadaro peta kabhoni kabhoni yepasi rose perita, muchikamu chikuru nekuda kwedu kushandiswa kwemauto zvakanyanya. 

Hazvisizvo kuti kushandisa kwedu kwemauto kuri kutiita vakachengeteka kana kuvandudza nyika, sezvinoonekwa nemienzaniso yakawanda. Heano mashoma kubva kuIraq Hondo (izvo zvaipesana neUN charter uye saka chaizvo, a zvisiri pamutemo) nehondo iri muAfghanistan, zvose zviri kuenderera mberi.

• The Hurumende yeIraq chete vakapfura vanhu 319 vechinyakare (zviuru gumi nezvishanu vakakuvara!) avo vairatidzira huwori nekushaikwa kwemabasa munyika mavo.
• The kudzingiswa kwe1 pagumi Iraqis nehondo iyi uye kuvhurwa kweIraq kune simba reIran, semhedzisiro yekusagadzikana kwemashure.
• ISIS yaive, mune yakakura chikamu, yakagadzirwa nekupinda uye kugara kweIraq, zvichiratidza kuti "mauto ekunze anowanzochinja vanhu venzvimbo uye kubereka chisimba"
• 182,000 Iraqis (kusvika munaNovember 2018) akafa kubva pakurwiswa kweUS uye pamusoro pe4,500 Mauto eUS akafa. Izvi hazvibatanidzi kufa kwemakondakita izvo zvaive zvakanyanya kufunga, zvakare.
• 38,000 Zvizvarwa zvemu Afghani zvakafa rufu rwechisimba kubvira patakapinda nechisimba muna2001. 
• MunaSeptember wegore rino kurwiswa kwe drone vakauraya vanokohwa 30 vepine muAfghanistan, vazhinji veavo vanhu vadiki vachangobva kusiya chikoro uye vaizviita sebasa ravo rekutanga muzhizha. Vhiki gare gare isu rova mutambo wepamuchato uchiuraya vanhu makumi mana kusanganisira vana gumi nevaviri vane imwe drone.      

 "60,000 veterans vakafa nekuzviuraya pakati pe2008 kusvika 2017" maererano neDhipatimendi reVeteran Affairs!

Hondo iri kurongedza zvakanyanya vanhu nenyika dzatinopomba, uye nedzedu mhuri. Hondo inodzivirira budiriro inosimudzira, inokonzera kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye inowedzera kusagadzikana kwevapoteri, kupfuura pamusoro pekukuvadza kwakashata kunokonzera hupenyu hwevagari, nzvimbo yakavakirwa, nzvimbo dzepasi uye zvisikwa: Kunyangwe semauto eU.S. "anozvishambidza" uye achifarira kusimudzira kwayo kusimudzira. (Fungidzira kuti yakawanda sei kusimudzira kunoputsa maguta edu uye nyika dzingave dziine pane iyo US Military-size size): Hondo haingambove yakasvibira.

Pahurukuro yeASU, Mutungamiriri akaramba achidaro kutishungurudza nekutitaurira, "taura nevako vakuru vakuru" uye "isu tangova chishandiso". Mune dzidziso, iye aripo, asi zvinonzwa saizvozvo kwauri? Ini ndinofunga vazhinji vedu, kusanganisira vakuru vakuru vedu vakasarudzwa, hatidi kutaura nekuti tinonzwa kutya nevemauto, kutsigirwa kwakasarudzika nevatori venhau, vafambisi vehukama vanochengeta vamwe vedu mumabasa edu uye / kana. purofiti purofiti uye, vazhinji vedu zvakare kubatsirwa kubva pamari inoshandiswa nemauto kunounza isu nenyika yedu.  

Vatengesi vepamusoro vatanhatu vepasi rese vane mahofisi muArizona. Iwo ari, akarongeka: Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Boeing, Raytheon Northrop-Grumman uye General Dynamic. Arizona yakagamuchira mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora emari yekudzivirira mari muna 2015. Mari iyi inogona kugoverwa kuenda kunopa yemahara mu-state koreji tuition uye yepasi rose hutano hwehutano; vechidiki vazhinji vanopinda muchiuto chedu sezvo vasina mukana webasa kana, nzira yekudyidzana kukoreji kana kurapwa kurapwa; vanogona kuve vachidzidzira zvigadziriso zveramangwana pane kuti vadzidze kuva imwe cog mune yedu isingagumi kwese-kwese kurwa. 

Ini handinzwe chero yemasangano edu emuno kana emunyika masosi vachitaura nezvemauto. Izvi zvingave nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: kunyara pane zvese zvatakaita nemauto edu, kutyisidzirwa nemakumi emakore ekuparidzira kwemauto kana zvimwe, nekuti mapoka ezvemamiriro ekunze haana kumiririra vanhu vanopinda muchiuto uye havana hukama hwakawanda kuzvibayiro zviri kuitwa. Unoziva chero munhu ari muchiuto kana anogara padhuze? Pane 440 zvigaro zvehondo muUnited States uye angangoita 800 mabhesiki kutenderera pasirese, iyo yekupedzisira iyo inodhura $ 100 bhiriyoni pagore kuchengetedza: kuenderera nekusingaperi hondo, kugumbura zvakanyanya, kurwara uye kuunza mhirizhonga pabonde kuvanhu vemuno, kukonzera kupararira uye kuenderera kwekukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza, kupatsanura vadiwa, pembedzo kunyanyisa kutengesa zvombo uye kubvisa machati kushandiswa kwemafuta - kuendesa varwi vedu kuenda nekubva kwavari. Vanhu vazhinji nemasangano vava izvozvi kushanda kuvhara zvigadziko izvi uye isu tinofanirawo.

Kunyangwe vashandi vemauto vakapotsa vangoderera kubvira Hondo yeVietnam uye chikamu chehuwandu hwevanhu vari mumauto eUS ikozvino kwadzika kusvika pa0.4%, iyo muzana yezana zvidiki muchiuto yave kuwedzera (ichienzaniswa neyevanhu vashandi vebasa), kunyanya kuvakadzi vatema (vanenge vakaenzana muchiverengero nevakadzi chena vari muchiuto), varume vatema uye navaSpanish. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vemavara vari kushushikana zvakanyanya nenjodzi nenjodzi zvatinozvikonzera kuenda mhiri kwemakungwa, kuburikidza nemakomba anopisa, Semuyenzaniso uye kumba; kazhinji, vazhinji vemauto vanogara vachikomberedza zvigadziko uko kwavo kuratidzwa kwekusvibiswa kwemauto kukuru. Yedu yeLuka Air Force Base ine huwandu hwePolyfluoroalkyl zvinhu (PFA's), inozivikanwa kuti inokonzera kusabereka uye kenza, izvo zviri pamusoro pehupenyu hwakachengeteka muvhu ravo nepasi pemvura. Tine hurombo kukuvhundutsa asi aya makemikari apinda mune dzimwe 19 nzvimbo dzekuongorora mvura kuyambuka Mupata wePhoenix; hapana magumo ekukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasikwa mune dzimwe nyika nekuda kwehondo dzedu. 

Chimbofunga kuverenga nyaya yakanakisa yaNikhil Pal Singh, "Hwakakwana Utiviriro Militarism" wongororo inokanganisa uye inonzwisisika ye "mutengo weuto risingabvumidzwe", raanoona, "zviripanze, zvakavanzika pamberi pakatarwa"; “Kunyanya, kupindira kwemauto kune dzimwe nyika kwakamisa rusarura kumba. Mapurisa zvino anoshanda aine zvombo uye pfungwa dzevarwi vehondo, uye vanowanzo tenderera nharaunda dzakadzivirirwa se vavengi kuti varangwe. " Anotizve kupfura vanhu vakawanda izvo zvakajairika isu hatitarise hanya navo, kufananidzira kwekutyisidzira kwehugandanga ("Kukudzwa kwakachena ndiko kutyisidzira kukuru kupfuura ugandanga hwenyika dzese izvozvi" ), zvematongerwo enyika zvekupikisa, iyo toni yemutengo wedrillion inotitungamira ku "zvikwereti zvinowanda" uye "Hondo seyechisikigo uye isingachinjiki yekudzokera shure kune hupenyu hwemagariro muUnited States nhasi. ” 

Handimbofi ndakakanganwa kuvhunduka kwandakaita kuona mota yakagadzirwa-yakafanana netyairi pane makumi mashanu neshanuth Avenue kuGlendale, AZ nemapurisa ekurwa akarembera pamativi ese, kuenda kunotsvaga vamwe vanogona "varwi vevavengi". Handisati ndamboona chero chinhu chakadai muUK, kunyangwe pakukwirira kweIRA mabhomba uye kunyanya kwete munzvimbo yekugara yakanyarara.

Peer yakaongorora zvinyorwa zvedzidzo izvo zvinokosheswa neUS Military's ecological, humanitarian kana kabhoni mutsara wakaoma kuwana sevanhu vari kutaura nezvenyaya iyi.

Chinyorwa chakanzi "Akavanzika Carbon Mutengo we" Kwese Kwese Hondo ": Logistics, geopolitical ecology, uye kabhodhi boot ‐ kudhinda kweuto reUS " yakatarisa kune hukuru hwakakura hwechitima, hukama hwayo hwakabatana nevemakambani, uye yakazotevera yekushandisa kwemafuta eU.S. Yakataura kuti avhareji yekushandiswa kwemafuta pazuva rega rega musoja yaive gallon imwe muWWII, magaroni 9 muVietnam nemagaloni 22 muAfghanistan. Vanyori vacho vakapedzisa vachiti: “musoro wenyaya ndewekuti kufamba munharaunda kune chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwese sekuita mukurumbira kukwikwidza kweUS Military kupindira."Se zvimwe zvinokonzera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.  

Pepa repiri, "Pentagon Fuel Use, Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze, uye iyo Hondo dzeHondo", inoongorora kushandiswa kwemauto kwemauto eU.S.-9/11 kurwisa uye nemabatiro ekushandiswa kwemafuta aya pamhepo inodziya. Inoti "dai mauto eUS akanyanya kudzikisira gasi rakasiya gasi rinobva raita shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yakakonzera kutyisidzirwa kwenyika iyo mauto eU.S. anotya uye anofanotaura zvisingabviri kuitika". Sezvineiwo, mauto emamiriro ekunze akabudiswa muKyoto Protocol, asi muParis Accord vaive haasunungurwa. Ndosaka isu taifanira kubva.

Iko kusanzwisisika ndekwekuti US Mauto ane hanya nezve shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye inobatsira mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze: "mauto haasi anongoshandisa mafuta akawanda, ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzepakati pehupfumi hwepasi rose hwehupfumi… kutungamirwa kwemauto kuri kuda kudzora matunhu ane mafuta uye kudzivirira kiyi. nzira dzekutakura dzinotakura hafu yemafuta epasi uye inosimudzira hupfumi hwevatengi ”. Muchokwadi, mune Chiitiko Chirevo chambotaurwa, ivo vanotaura nezve kukwikwidza kwemafuta emagetsi anozobuda kana Arctic Ice inonyungudika. Our hupfumi hwevatengi uye maitiro edu emafuta anotsigirwa neUS Mauto! Saka, isu do vane basa rekusaramba tichitenga zvinhu uye kudzikisira isu vega kabhoni tsoka, pamwe nekutarisa paMauto uye edu ezvematongerwo enyika ramba uchinyora iwo asina cheki. Vashoma kwazvo veArizona House Vamiriri vakavhota vachipokana ne2020 Kudzivirira Budget uye kana isu maSeneta akaita.

Muchidimbu, iUS Mauto ndiyo yechokwadi "kutyisidzira kuwedzera" kumatambudziko ekunze.

 Izvi zvese zvinonzwa kushushikana kuverenga uye kufunga nezvazvo, handizvo here? Ini ndakataura kudura bhajeti remauto kubhadhara kune zvimwe zvirongwa kumusangano wezvematongerwo enyika emuno nguva pfupi yapfuura ndikawana chirevo ichi, "Iwe unobvepi?" Unofanira kuvenga United States ipapo? ”Ini handina kukwanisa kupindura izvi. Handivengi maAmericans, asi ini ndinovenga izvo isu (pamwe chete) zvinoita kuvanhu vari munyika medu nepasirese. 

Chii chatingaite isu tese kuti tizvinze isu uye tive nemhedzisiro pane izvi zvese? 

1. Taura nezvemauto eUS uye kuti sei iri "miganhu" mumamiriro ekunze, bhajeti kana hurukuro dzese uye unonzwa sei nezve zvese zvikamu zveiyi nyaya.
2. Kurudzira mapoka auri mairi kuti aise mutserendende vemauto eU.S. 
3. Taura nenyika yako yakasarudzwa pamwe nevatungamiriri venyika nezvekucheka bhajeti redu remauto, kupedza hondo dzisingaperi uye nekumisa kuparadza kwezvakatipamba uye zvevanhu izvo isu kwenguva yakareba tisingateerere. 
4. Dndinokovha mari yako kubva ku muchina wehondo pamwe chete nemafuta emafuta. Vanhu veCharlottesville, VA vakanyengerera guta ravo kuti ridzikere kubva kune zvese zvombo uye fossil fuels uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, Guta reNew York rakabviswa mukutengesa zvombo zvenyukireya.
5. Shandisa zvishoma pane zvese: tenga zvishoma, famba zvishoma, tyaira zvishoma uye ugare mudzimba diki

Nhamba yemapoka ari pasi apa ane zvitsauko zvemunharaunda zvaunogona kujoina kana zvinokubatsira kutanga imwe. Mapoka Ekupandukira Mapoka ari kupararira zvakare, kana isu tichinge tiine imwe muPhoenix ikozvino, pane mukana wakanaka pane mumwe uri pedyo newe. Inzwa kufemerwa uye uine tariro paunoverenga nezve zvakawanda sei masangano anotevera ari kuita kugadzirisa zvinhu:

• Veterans For Peace
• World Beyond War
• Code Pink
• War Resisters League 
• Peace Action