Zvinoita sekuti takangopedza kutarisana nenharo iyo hondo yakatinakira nekuti inounza rugare. Uye pamwe chete kunouya kwakasiyana kwakasiyana kutenderera, kwakabatanidzwa pamwe nekumwe kunakidza nzwisiso. Heano a Blog romukova naJoshua Holland pane webhusaiti yaBill Moyers.
"Hondo yakagara ichionekwa sechinhu chakakurudzirwa nevakuru vepamusoro avo vakamira zvakanyanya kuwana kubva mukukonana - kungave kuchengetedza midziyo yekunze kwenyika, kugadzira mamiriro akanaka ekushambadzira kwepasi rose kana nekutengesa zvinhu zvekukonana - uye zvabhadharwa neropa. yevarombo, kanoni furu iyo inoshumira nyika yavo asi isina zvishoma zvakanangana nemhedzisiro.
“. . . MIT wezvematongerwo enyika wezvematongerwo enyika Jonathan Caverley, munyori we Kutonga Kwemhirizhonga Dzematunhu, Pfuma, uye Hondo, uye iye pachake weUnited States Navy veteran, anotaura kuti mamiriyoni ezvidzidzo zvepamusoro-soro, nemauto ose anozvipira anotsigira kuuraya vashomanana mumakakatanwa maduku, pamwe nekuwedzera kwehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika kuumba zvipo zvinopesana zvinoita kuti maonero evanhu vemazuva ose ave nehondo. . . .
"Joshua Holland: Tsvagurudzo yako inotungamira kune imwe mhedzisiro inopesana. Unogona kundipa chirevo chako muchidimbu?
"Jonathan Caverley: Nharo yangu ndeyokuti mune zvematongerwo enyika akawanda zvakadai seUnited States, tave nekugadzira mafambiro makuru ehondo. Isu hatisi kutumira mamiriyoni emauto ehondo kune dzimwe nyika - kana kuona huwandu hwevanhu vakaurayiwa vachidzokera kumba. Kana ukangotanga kuenda kuhondo nemapoka ehurumende, ma satellite, kutaurirana - uye vashoma chaizvo vakadzidziswa maitiro mashomanana - kuenda kuhondo inova cheko chekunyora maitiro pane kufambidzana. Uye kana iwe ukashandura hondo kuva cheko yekunyora maitiro, zvinokurudzira uye zvinopesana nekuenda kuhondo shanduko.
“Unogona kuzvifunga sechiitiko chekugovera patsva, apo vanhu vane mari shoma vanowanzobhadhara chikamu chidiki chemutengo wehondo. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha padanho remubatanidzwa. MuUnited States, iyo hurumende yemubatanidzwa inowanzobhadharwa mari zvakanyanya kubva kumusoro makumi maviri muzana. Mazhinji ehurumende yemubatanidzwa, ndingangoti 20 muzana, pamwe kunyangwe makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana, inotsigirwa nevapfumi.
“Kune vanhu vazhinji, hondo ikozvino yave kuita shoma kwazvo maererano nezveropa nepfuma. Uye ine redistributive mhedzisiro.
“Saka nzira yangu iri nyore. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mupiro wako kukakavara unenge uri mushoma, uye woona mabhenefiti, ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuona kuwedzera kudiwa kwemari yekudzivirira uye kuwedzerwa hunyengeri mumaonero ako emitemo yekunze, zvichibva pamari yaunowana. Uye kudzidza kwandakaita maonero eruzhinji rwevaIsrael kwakaratidza kuti kana munhu akapfuma zvishoma, ndipo paanonyanya kuita chisimba pakushandisa mauto. ”
Zvichida Caverley angabvuma kuti Hondo dzeUS dzinowanzove dzakaurawa padivi pevanhu vanogara munyika dzine hurombo, uye kuti chidimbu chevanhu vari muUnited States vanoziva nezve icho chokwadi uye vanopokana nehondo nekuda kwayo. Zvichida iye anozivawo kuti mauto eUS achiri kufa muhondo dzeUS uye achiri kukwezvwa zvisingaenzaniswi kubva kuvarombo. Zvichida iye anozivawo (uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti anojekesa zvese izvi mubhuku rake, izvo zvandisina kuverenga) kuti hondo inoramba ichibatsira zvakanyanya kune rakanyanya boka rakakwirira kumusoro kwehupfumi hweUS. Zvombo masheya ari pazvikwiriso zvakakwirira izvozvi. Mupi wezano wezvemari paNPR nezuro aikurudzira kuisa mari muzvombo. Kushandisa kwehondo, kutaura zvazviri, kunotora mari yeruzhinji uye kuishandisa nenzira isingaenzaniswi kunobatsira vakapfuma zvakanyanya. Uye nepo madhora eruzhinji achikwidziridzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, ivo vari kukwidziridzwa zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma kupfuura zvakapfuura. Hondo-gadziriro yekushandisa mari iri muchikamu chezvinhu zvinotyaira kusaenzana izvo Caverley anoti zvinotyaira yakaderera-mari tsigiro yehondo. Zvinorevei Caverley nekureva kwake kuti hondo iri (zvichidzika) redistributorial inojekeswa zvishoma mberi muhurukuro.
"Holland: Mukudzidza iwe unotsanangura kuti masayendisiti akawanda emagariro evanhu haaoni kushandiswa kwemauto sekugadziriswa. Handina kunzwisisa izvozvo. Zvimwe zvinonzi "hondo yechiKinesianism" ndeye pfungwa yave iripo kwenguva yakareba. Takawana tani yemari yekuita zvematongerwo enyika mumaodzanyemba kwekumaodzanyemba, kwete chete nekuda kwezvidziviriro, asiwo senzira yekusimudzira hupfumi hwemuganhu. Sei vanhu vasingaoni izvi sepurogiramu yakakura yokuparidzira?
“Caverley: Zvakanaka, ndinobvumirana nechokuvakwa. Kana iwe ukatarisa chero sangano re congressional kana iwe uchitarisa chero mutauri wekukurukurirana nevanomiririra, iwe uchaona kuti vanotaura pamusoro pekuwana chikamu chavo chekushandisa mari yekuzvidzivirira.
“Asi chikuru ndechekuti kunyangwe iwe usingafunge nezvekushandisa kwekuzvidzivirira senzira yekuparadzira patsva, uyu muenzaniso wekare werudzi rwezvinhu zveveruzhinji zvinopihwa nenyika. Wese munhu anobatsirwa nekudzivirira nyika - havasi ivo chete vapfumi. Uye nekudaro kudzivirirwa kwenyika pamwe ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzaungangowona zvematongerwo enyika, nekuti kana usiri kubhadhara yakawandisa, uchazobvunza zvimwe zvacho. ”
Saka, chikamu chechirevo ichi chinoratidzika sekuti upfumi huri kutamiswa kubva kuhupfumi zvikamu zveUnited States kune varombo. Pane imwe chokwadi kune iyo. Asi the economics zviri pachena kuti, seyakazara, mari yemauto inoburitsa mashoma mabasa uye yakanyanya kubhadhara mabasa, uye ine shoma shoma kubatsirwa kwehupfumi, pane kushandisa mari yedzidzo, kushandisa zvivakwa, kana mamwe marudzi akasiana emari yeruzhinji, kana kutemerwa mutero kwevanhu vanoshanda - izvo zviri netsananguro pasi zvakadzokororwa zvakare. Zvino, kushandiswa kwemauto kunogona kupedza hupfumi uye kunoonekwa sekusimudzira hupfumi, uye maonero ndiwo anosarudzira rutsigiro rwemauto. Saizvozvowo, zvakajairika "zvakajairwa" mari yemauto inogona kuenderera nhanho inopfuura gumi-nguva yakatarwa yekushandisa muhondo, uye maonero akajairwa pamativi ese ezvematongerwo enyika eUS anogona kunge ari iwo hondo anodhura mari zhinji. Asi isu tinofanirwa kubvuma izvo zviripo kunyangwe tichikurukura zvinokonzeresa zvekuona.
Uyezve pane fungidziro yekuti zvemasoja zvinobatsira munhu wese, izvo zvinopesana nechokwadi chehondo endangers nyika dzinozvipa, "kuzvidzivirira" uku kuburikidza nehondo kuri kuita zvinopesana. Izvi, zvakare, zvinofanirwa kubvumwa. Uye pamwe - kunyangwe ini ndisina chokwadi nazvo - kuti kubvuma kunoitwa mubhuku.
Mapolls anoratidza kazhinji kudzikisira rutsigiro rwehondo kunze kwekunge mune dzimwe nguva dzekuparadzira kwakanyanya. Kana panguva idzodzo zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti maU.S. anotambira mari shoma akatakura mutoro wakakura wekutsigira hondo, izvo zvinofanirwa kuongororwa - asi pasina kufunga kuti vatsigiri vehondo vane chikonzero chakanaka chekupa rutsigiro rwavo. Chokwadi, Caverley inopa zvimwe zvikonzero zvinoita kuti vatsauswe.
"Holland: Regai ndikubvunzei pamusoro pekutsanangurirana kwepikicha yekuti sei varombo vangave vachitsigira zvechiuto. Mune pepa, iwe unotaura pfungwa yokuti vagari vepfuma vashoma vanogona kunge vakatowedzera kutenga mune izvo zvamunoti "nheyo dzoumambo." Ungazvigadzirisa here?
“Caverley: Kuti isu tiende kuhondo, tinofanira kuderedza rumwe rutivi. Haisi chinhu chiduku kuti boka rimwe revanhu rikurudzire kuuraya rimwe boka revanhu, zvisinei kuti iwe unofunga sei iwe unofunga kuti vanhu vangadaro. Saka pane inowanzo hutengesi hwekugadzirisa uye kutyisidzira kuvaka, uye izvo zvinongoenda pamwe nenharaunda yehondo.
“Saka mubhizinesi rangu, vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti dambudziko nderekuti vanhu vepamusoro vanoungana uye nekuda kwezvikonzero zveudyire, vanoda kuenda kuhondo. Icho ichokwadi kunyangwe iri kuchengetedza mabanana avo eCentral America kana kutengesa zvombo kana chii chauinacho.
"Uye ivo vanogadzira idzi ngano dzeumambo - izvi zvinotyisidzira, aya tiger mapepa, chero zvaunoda kuidaidza - uye edza kuunganidza nyika yose kuti irwisane nekukonana uko kungangodaro kusiri mukufarira kwavo.
"Dai vanga vari vechokwadi, ipapo wainyatsoona kuti maonero evamwe vanhu nezvekunze - pfungwa yavo yekutyisidzira kwakakura sei - yaizoenderana nemari. Asi kana uchangodzora pamusoro pefundo, handina kuona kuti maonero aya anosiyana zvichienderana nehupfumi hwako kana mari yaunowana. ”
Izvi zvinoratidzika zvishoma kwandiri. Hapana mubvunzo kuti Raytheon vabati nevatungamiri vakasarudzwa vanobhadhara vachaona zvakanyanyisa mukusimbisa mativi ose ehondo kunze kwekuti munhu wega wega wepfuma chero ipi zvayo kana yehutano huchaona. Asi vatongi ivavo uye vezvezvematongerwo enyika havazi boka revanhu vanokosha kana vachitaura zvakanyanya pamusoro pevapfumi nevarombo muUnited States. Vakawanda vehondo vanobatsira, uyezve, vanogona kutendavira nheyo dzavo, kunyanya kana vachitaura nevasarudzo. VaAmerica vanobhadhara mari shoma haisi chikonzero chokufungidzira kuti vokuAmerica vanowana mari yepamusoro havakanganisi zvakare. Caverley anoti zvakare:
“Chaindinakidza ndechekuti chimwe chezvakanyanya kufanotaura nezvechishuwo chako chekushandisa mari kuzvidzivirira chaive chishuwo chako chekushandisa mari pafundo, chishuwo chako chekushandisa mari pakurapwa, kuda kushandisa mari mumigwagwa. "Ndakakatyamadzwa zvikuru nenyaya yekuti hapana pfuti nehungwaru mundangariro dzevazhinji vakapindura pasarudzo dzeveruzhinji."
Izvi zvinoita sezvakanaka chaizvo. Hapana huwandu hukuru hwevanhu veAmerica vakakwanisa mumakore apfuura kuita kubatana pakati peGerman kushandisa 4% yematanho eUS pauto rayo nekupa mahara koreji, pakati pekushandisa kweUS zvakaenzana nepasi rose kusanganisa kugadzirira kwehondo uye kutungamira vapfumi pasi rose mukushaya pekugara, kusagadzikana kwezvikafu, kushaya mabasa, kusungwa, zvichingodaro. Ichi chikamu, ndinofunga, nekuti mapato makuru maviri ezvematongerwo enyika anofarira kushandisa muhondo kukuru, nepo imwe ichipokana uye imwe ichitsigira mapurojekiti mashoma madiki ekushandisa. saka gakava rinoitika pakati peavo nekushora kushandisa zvakajairika, pasina kana munhu akambobvunza kuti "Kushandisa chii?"
Kutaura nezve ngano, heino imwe inochengetedza bipartisan rutsigiro rwemauto kutenderera:
"Holland: Chikwangwani chinowanikwa pano ndechekuti modhi yako inofungidzira kuti sezvo kusaenzana kuchikura, vagari venyika vanozonyanya kutsigira zvechiuto, uye pakupedzisira mumatongerwo enyika, izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune dzimwe nyika zvine hukasha. Iri sei jibe neizvo zvinozivikanwa se "demokarasi runyararo dzidziso" - iyo pfungwa yekuti mademokrasi ane kushivirira kwakaderera kwekukakavara uye kashoma kuenda kuhondo kupfuura mamwe masimba eutongi?
“Caverley: Zvakanaka, zvinobva pane zvaunofunga kuti zvinotyaira kudyidzana kwevanhu. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti iyo inodhura-kudzivisa nzira, saka izvi hazvirevi zvakanaka nokuda kwekuda kwevanhu. Ndinogona kutaura vanhu vazhinji vatinotaura navo mubhizinesi rangu, isu tine chokwadi chaicho chema demokrasi kufanana nehondo dzakawanda. Vanongotarisa kwete kurwisana nomumwe nemumwe. Uye zvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zviri nani kune izvozvi zvinowanzosimudzira. Vanhu vose havasi kuda kutsigira hondo kune vamwe vanhu, saka kutaura.
"Kuti ndizvitaure zviri nyore, apo democracy ine sarudzo pakati pezvekudyidzana nemhirizhonga kugadzirisa matambudziko emitemo yekunze, kana mutengo weimwe yeizvi ukadzikira, inozoisa zvimwe zvacho muchikamu chayo."
Iyi zvechokwadi ingano inonakidza, asi inodonha kana yaiswa muchokwadi, zvirinani kana munhu akabata nyika senge United States se "mademokrasi." United States ine nhoroondo refu yekupidigura mademokrasi uye einjiniya mauto ekupidigura, kubva 1953 Iran kusvika nhasi yanhasi Honduras, Venezuela, Ukraine, nezvimwe. Pfungwa yekuti vanonzi mademokrasi havarwisi mamwe mademokrasi inowanzo kuwedzerwa. chokwadi, nekufungidzira kuti izvi imhaka yekuti mamwe mademokrasi anogona kugadziriswa zvine musoro, nepo nyika dzinorwiswa nesu dzinongonzwisisa mutauro unonzi wemhirizhonga. Hurumende yeUnited States ine vadzvanyiriri vakawanda nemadzimambo sevatsigiri vepedyo vekuti vabate. Muchokwadi iri hupfumi-hupfumi asi nyika dzine hupfumi hwenyika dzinowanzorwiswa kuti idemocracy here kana kuti kwete kana vanhu vekumba vari kuzvifarira. Kana paine vapfumi vekuAmerican vari kupandukira rudzi urwu rwekunze mutemo, ini ndinovakurudzira kuti vape mari kukurudzira izvo zvichabva zvichitsiva nzvimbo yacho nekugadzirisa kwakanyanya uye kuuraya kunopfurikidza kwezvigadzirwa.
