Haisi basa, inofadza, kana
Kupfekedza zvipfeko zvako ndeye itsva camo
NeCJ Hinke
Excerpted kubva Radicals Vakasununguka: Vagadziri vehondo mujeri neCJ Hinke, inouya kubva kuTrine-Day mu2016.
Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusiya basa rechiuto sezvo kune vatsva. Mamiriyoni emarudzi ose anoda kufambisa majaya kana vasina kudzidza, vasina ruzivo, uye vasingashandi. Zvinotora musoja ushingi hwakakura kwazvo kuputsa pasi nhumbi yake pane kuponda mutorwa.
Kune vaparadzi munyika dzose dzine zvombo. Simba rinoda kuteerera kumapofu uye vanhu vanoda kuchida.
Sei varume vachirega? Zvechokwadi kwete kubva kuhutera. Zvinotora ushingi hwakawanda kwazvo kuti uparadze kubva pakutevedza uye kuvimba kwaro kusagadzirisa nyika. 36% yevarume vakatarisana nehondo kwenguva yekutanga vakanga vachitya kunyorwa kuti vane denda kupfuura kuti vakuvara kana kuurawa.
Hondo-akarwara yakadanwa nemazita mazhinji nevanodzidza nezvepfungwa. MuAmerica Civil War, chirwere chaDaCosta kana mwoyo wevarwi; muHondo Yenyika I, kukwikwidza kwekombodhi, kutendeuka kwehutano kana hupfumi hwehurumende, kupindura kwechikwata; muHondo Yenyika II, kurwisana kunorwa, kupera muhondo; muVietnam, kurwisana kuneta, kurwisana kunorwa, kurwisana kunetseka; kune o-so-mazuva ano mushure mekutambudzika kushungurudzika kwechirwere chakagoverwa neGulf masvingo uye vatyairi vemadhora.
Zvose izvi zvinongororwa zvine imwe nguva zvakarambidzwa uye zvinoreva censored, kunyange mumagazini ezvokurapa. Chinangwa chekurapa chiri, zvechokwadi, kutumira masoja kudzokera kuhondo. 600,000 yakasunungurwa kubva kuUnited States Army chete nokuda kwekunyunyutira neuropsychiatric. Sezvakataurwa upfumi magazini, pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, "Makore 25 mushure mekupedzisira kweHondo Yakawanda, inenge hafu yemibhedha ye67,000 muzvipatara zveVeterans Administration ichiri kubatwa nevanoparara neuropsychiatric yeHondo Yenyika I." nechechina yeHondo Yese yeHondo Yenyika II yaive nemapfungwa.
Vakasvibiswa havasi madhimoni. Vakawanda vakanga vasingadi kuuraya mushure mokupinda muchiuto. Vamwe vakave nedambudziko rakakanganisika. Vamwe vaiva nemhuri dzinoshayiwa pamba. Nyika yakarurama kana isina kururama? Izvo zvisina maturo!
"Deertion" izwi rinoshandiswa pamusana pevanhu. Tinofunga nezvavo se "vatori" kubva kuhupenzi hwehondo yose. Tiri kumirira kuti vauye kumba, vanozvikudza kuti havana kumbofanira kuuraya chero ani zvake.
Kunyange zvazvo chirango cheUnited States chekuda kupera munguva yehondo chinoramba chiri rufu, hapana dunhu reAmerica akashanda kupfuura mwedzi we24 kubva munaSeptember 11, 2001. Nheyo dzeNuremburg dzinoda musoja kuti arambe chero mirairo iyo inogona kuguma nekutongwa kwemhosva kune vanhu. (Uye chiizve hondo!)
Hondo ye1812 (1812-1815)
12.7% yemauto ose eAmerica akasiyiwa achienzaniswa ne14.8% munguva yorugare. Izvi zvaive zvakakonzerwa nechirwere chekufa kwe "shungu" yakadaro. Vakawanda vakatarisana muchikamu chekuuraya.
Hondo yeMexico-America (1846-1848)
8.3%, 9,200 US masoja akarega.
US Civil War (1861-1865)
Kurutivi rwokumusoro kweUnited Army rwakasangana nechishuwo chakanyanya kudarika chinonzi South Confederacy. Zvakawanda kupfuura zvinyorwa zve87,000 zvakanyorwa kubva kumatunhu matatu ekuchamhembe, 180,000 vachengeti muhuwandu nekuguma kwehondo. Ikoko kumaodzanyemba kunonzi yakarasikirwa ne103,400 kuti irege kuparadzwa kuburikidza nehondo, kusanganisira zvikamu zvose zvevarwi. Zvisinei, vazhinji vakaita se278,000 yevarwi ve500,000 vakanga vasisipo nehondo. Mark Twain akasiya kubva kumativi maviri. William Smitz weNorth's Pennylvania Volunteer ndiye akanga ari wokupedzisira akafuridzirwa nepfuti yepfuti mu1865.
Hondo Yenyika I (1914-1918)
240,000 maBritish nemaBreedwealth maiva nedare-martialed uye 346 vakaurayiwa nokuda kwekutsvaira, kutya, kusiya mumiriri, kuramba kurongeka, kana kurasa maoko kunze kwekutongerwa rufu kwe3,080 panguva ye "Hondo Yopedza Hondo Yese", kusanganisira 25 Canadians uye 22 Irishmen. Zvinorangarirwa ne Shot at Dawn Memorial mu Staffordshire. Chirangaridzo chakanyatsotariswa pamakore ekutanga e17 Private Herbert Burden, akavharidzirwa maziso uye akasungwa padanda. Inenge dzose idzi mazita ekuparadza haana kuwedzerwa pamhemberero dzehondo. Vamwe, kunyange vasati vese, vakanganwirwa pashure pehurumende yeBritain. Vashomanana vakaramba kuvhara pfupa apo pavakatarisana neuto rekufambisa, vachisarudza kuzvitarisa muziso. (Uye izvi ndezvenyeredzi?!?)
Zvinopfuura varwi veFrench vaFrench vakaurayiwa nokuda kwekuda.
15 Masoja eGermany akaurayiwa nokuda kwekuda.
28 New Zealand vakadzvinyirirwa vakatongerwa rufu uye vashanu vakaurayiwa. Masoja aya akambomukanganwirwa mu2000.
Hondo yeUnited States yakanyorwa 21,282 deserters neMutungamiri Woodrow Wilson vakagura mitsara yose ye24 yekufa nekuda kwevadzivisi.
Hondo Yenyika II (1939-1945)
Kuwedzera kune 21,000 vekuAmerica vakadzingwa vakaedzwa uye vakapomerwa nechishuwo panguva ye "Hondo Yakanaka". Kunyange zvazvo 49 yakatongerwa rufu, imwe chete, Private Eddie Slovik, musoja akanga azvipira kuchenesa minda yangu, akaurayiwa nemusketry musi waJanuary 31, 1945 ku Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines muFrance. Kuzivisa kwake kwokupedzisira kwaiva, "Ini ndichatiza zvakare kana ndikafanira kuenda uko."
Mukuru Mukuru Wehurumende uye mushure mekupedzisira weUnited States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, akasimbisa mutemo waSlovik wekufa, achiti "zvaifanira kuodza mwoyo zvekare". Slovik akati, "Vari kundipfura nokuda kwechingwa uye chese gum ndakaba apo ndaive nemakore 12."
Slovik's execution yakanga yakavanzwa kubva kune vagari vomuFrance. Akanga akasungirirwa pazvigaro nemagetsi, mabvi, uye maziso emakumbo uye akasungirirwa kubva kumagetsi pamatanhatu matanhatu nepamatanhatu ekuputira rusvingo rwematombo rweimba yekuFrance yepurazi. Masoja e12 akabudiswa M-1 pfuti, chimwe chete chazvo chaiva nemativi asina chinhu. Mushure mokutanga volley, Private Slovik haana kufa; iye akafa semasoja aizodzosera zvakare. Eddie Slovik akanga ari wokutanga weAmerican deerter kuti aurawe kubva Lincoln aiva Mutungamiri. Aiva 24.
Slovik yakavigwa muguva rakaverengwa muRow 3, Grave 65 yePlot "E" pamwe navasungwa ve95 vekuAmerica vakaurawa nokuda kwekubata nekuuraya, kusvikira 1987 apo Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan akarayira kudzoka kwezvakasara zvake. Akavigwa muDetroit, pedyo nemudzimai wake, Antoinette. Akanga akakumbira vatungamiri vanomwe vemuUnited States kuti vadzoke kusvikira afa muna 1979, vasina kumbobatsirwa nehutano hweGI.
Hondo Yenyika II yakaona madzimambo eYNUMX mamiriyoni eAmerica-kurwisana, chikamu chetatu chekutambudzwa kweAmerica. Muna May 1.7 chete, pane 1942 desertions kubva kumabasa.
Zvinopfuura varwi ve1,500 Austrian vakasiya German Wehrmacht. Mushandirapamwe wokuyeuchidza wakatanga mu 1988 nehurukuro, "Kushushikana hakusi kukanganisa, hondo". Muna 2014, ivo vairemekedzwa nechokufukidzira, Chirangaridzo cheVakatambudzwa Nekutonga Kwechiuto cheNazi. Mufananidzo wacho unogara kuVienna pedyo neAustria Chancellory uye hofisi yeMutungamiri. Inonyorwa chete nemashoko maviri chete, "ose oga".
MuGermany, mauto anopfuura 15,000 akaurayiwa nokuda kwekudzimwa nehurumende yeNazi. Zvakanga zvakarangarirwa mu2007 neDeserteur Denkmal muStuttgart. Iyo yakatsaurirwa "Kune avo vanobva kune dzimwe hondo".
Hondo yeVietnam (1955-1975)
Zvichida masoja e50,000 US akasiyiwa, kusanganisira vazhinji vakatizira kuCanada, France, neSweden.
ISoviet Union, mumitambo yayo yose 1917-1991, yakapomerwa 158,000 vachipomerwa uye yakapfigirwa mauto 135,000 Red Army. Chimwezve 1.5 mamiriyoni eSoviet vasungwa vehondo pasi pevaNazi vakatumirwa kuSiberian gulags pavakadzokera kunyika yavo nekuda kwekuregererwa mumatunhu.
60,000-80,000 madzinza eSoviet muganhu weMuslim Central Asia akaparara panguva Afghan Civil War 1979-1989. 85,000 Mauto eAfghan akaparara panguva iyi.
Hondo dzeAfghanistan, Iraq, uye dzakawanda (2001-iripo)
Kubva 2000, Pentagon inofungidzira kupfuura mauto e40,000 akasiya kubva kumatavi ose ebasa rechiuto. Mu 2001 chete, 7,978 yakasara.
Zvinopfuura 5,500 mauto eAmerica akasiyiwa mu 2003-2004. Muna 2005, masoja e3,456 akasiya. Ne 2006, nhamba iyoyo yakanga yasvika 8,000.
MuC2006, kirasi yeUnited States yakashuma kune 1,000 deserters.
US Army Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl akatongerwa nekutadza uye "kusazvibata" pamberi pevengi mushure mekusiya basa rake muAfghanistan mu2009. Akave akatapwa neVaTaliban kwemakore mashanu asati achinjana muZ2014 nokuda kwemahofisi matanhatu ekuFghans akatevedzwa neUnited States muhurumende yavo yepamusoro yeGuantánamo Bay, Cuba. Imwe yakafa isati yatengeswa, saka Taliban shanu yakabudiswa neU.S., mukuru wevakuru veuto, vamiririri vekuchenjera, aimbova mushumiri wekunze, uye vaviri vakuru vakuru. VaTaliban pakutanga vaida $ 1 mamiriyoni uye kusunungurwa kwevasungwa ve21 Afghan pamwe chete nemasayendisiti wePakistani akauraya masoja eUnited States. (Mutungamiriri weAmerica Obama anowanzo "kutaurirana nemagandanga." Mutungamiri-in-Chief akatora mufananidzo wevhidhiyo nevabereki vaBergdahl mu Rose Garden.)
Icho chinoratidzira jaya sergeant iri kupomerwa nokuti, dai akanga asiri, aigona kuda mari kubva kuhurumende yeUnited States musungwa wehondo. (IU.S. inogona kupedza mabhiriyoni ehondo, uye kubhadhara dare-kurwisana asi inoramba kubhadhara mumwe musoja!) Bergdahl anotarisana nemutongo weupenyu kumatare ehondo.
Saka chii ichi chaiva mudzidzi aidzidza musha weIdaho uyo akadzidza kudzivirira uye ballet, asina kumbova nemotokari uye akafamba kwose kwose nebhazikoro achiita muchiuto, zvakadaro? Nzwisiso: mauto ehondo achatora chero kanikoni fodya iyo inogona kuwana! Bowe akafamba kubva kune imwe nguva kwenguva refu kudzokera kune imwe imba yevaBuddhist inotungamira kuchikoro chevana vechidiki kuFort Benning. Kufanana nePvt. Slovik, Sgt. Bergdahl, akazivisa chinangwa chake cheku "famba achienda kumakomo ePakistan",, achitora kambasi yake chete. Pashure pokunge atanga kudzidza Pashto, Bergdahl akapedza nguva dzakawanda nemaAfghans kupfuura mauto e'kugadzirisa hurumende '. Akanyora vabereki vake kuti "ainyara kuva muAmerica" uye akafunga kuti achiramba hukama hwake hweUnited States, tsanangudzo shoma yakavigwa ne White House. Vabereki vake vakanyora zvakare,
64% yevaCanada yakasarudzwa kuti ikumbire hurumende yavo kugamuchira vapoteri veUnited States mushure mokunge miviri yekuitira tsitsi yakapiwa muParamende mu2008 ne2009. Mazana evanhu veAmerica vakabva vatizira kuCanada.
Zvisinei, izvi zvaiitwa pamutemo zvakanga zvisingarevi. Hurumende yeCanada yakagamuchira mutemo wakaoma wekudzinga vatorwa kuenda kuU.S., mukusiyana kwakasiyana neVietnam, uye vazhinji vechidiki veAmerica vanongoenda pasi pakavhuvhu muCanada.
BBC yakataura nezvenyaya yakaitika yekumisikidza hondo muIraq, Jeremy Hinzman muna 2004: “Vanhu vekuAmerica vari mumatambudziko vave vachimhanyira kuCanada kwemazana emakore… mukumukira kweAmerican Revolution…. kurusununguko… ”.
Kunyange zvazvo ndakapa mazano, kubatsira uye kubvisa mazana eVietnam maitiro ekuramba munyika yose ye1960s sechikamu cheMudzidzi weKunyunyuta Runyararo, The Resistance, uye neCentral Committee yeVatori vehana, ndakasangana zvishomanana neAmerican deserters. Ini ndakatanga kukurudzira kuparadzwa mune rimwe guru, kuratidzwa kwevanhu veGensuikin pamberi peuto guru reuto reUnited States rekuendesa mauto kuVietnam muNaha, Okinawa, mu1969. Ndakasvika nechikepe ndokubva ndaenda kune imwe ndege.
Ndichiri kutsigira, mazano, rubatsiro uye kubet deertion nemunhu wese mubasa rechiuto chero kupi zvako. Vanosvibisa havasi varwi vemarudzi chete. Ndivo vane masimba makuru avo vakaramba kuuraya varwi uye varwi kune imwe nyika.
Iwe haugoni kuita chimwe chinhu chikuru pane kuramba kuramba. Kana uri muuto rehondo, chero munhu wehondo, ita chinhu chakanaka: RUNAWAY!
##
References
Wikipedia, "Desertion"
Charles Glass, Deserters: The Last Untold Story yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, 2013.
William Bradford Huie, Kuparadzwa kweSmith Slovik, 1954. Imwe firimu ye1974 yezita rimwechete yakabva mubhuku uye inotarisa Martin Sheen.
Benedict B. Kimmelman, "Muenzaniso weChina Slovik", American Heritage, September / October 1987. http: /www.americanheritage.com/node/55767
Joseph Heller, Kubata-22, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961.
Ray Rigby, The Hill, New York: John Day, 1965.
14 Mhinduro
Zviri NezvenguvaKubuda, madhiri eU.S.
Ko kana vakapa hondo, uye hakuna munhu akauya? Ndinoremekedza vadikani nokuda kwekusazviratidza.
Hurumende ichagara iine hondo. Kunyoresa kana kupa chiokomuhomwe ndezvenzira dzavo dze 2 dzekuwana cannon fodder. Sezvakaitwa nebasa chero ripi zvaro vanogona kungobhadhara avo vanoshanda. RAMBA UCHOKWADI! Kunyangwe Simba iripo kana kuunganidza kunokanganisa.
Hauna kunzwa here… kune hondo kuvakadzi. Varume nevakomana vane nyore.
Yenguva refu yakakurumbira tsika dzekuAmerica
Zvakadini neBritish, French, German German, Japanese, Chinese
Vashomanana Red Army deserters, vanopfura. Vashomanana vemuJapan vakadengenyeka muPacific, vakazvivhara mumapako, Vadiki vemuGermany vanoparadza, ivo vakagadzika zvakare
o hongu, kudikanwa nokuzviremedza kwakukuvadza inzira yekubuda muUnited States asi inokupa bullet mu Red Army
vane tsika yekurasa?
zvose bergdahl aifanira kuita ndeyekuudza sgt yake. kuti iye
aida kuzivisa hana yehana yakasununguka
ingadai yakasunungurwa uye inotumirwa kumusha kune isiri kurwisana
basa. taiva ne quaker pa mcrd san diego mu 52 iye
yakatumirwa mahombekombe mahombekombe ekudzidzira nzvimbo yekudzidzisa
bodyman training. zvakaoma sei izvozvo?
Kana iwe usingakwanise kubata chinhu chekusiya, zvirinani "kupfura kupotsa". Ipapo zvirinani unogona kurarama nehana yako.
Mumwe murwi kubva muhondo dzedu dzichangobva kuitika kumabvazuva epakati akandiudza “Ndinozvivenga kana vanhu vanditenda nebasa rangu. Ndine hunhu asi chokwadi ndechekuti, ndakavhundutsa vanhu. Ndikava mikova yavo, ndikakanda magirinedhi mumakamuri azere nevakadzi nevana, ndichigwadama mumakona - ndichivazadza nemutobvu nekuti taisaona maoko avo. ” Ndinofungidzira ndinogona kunzwisisa kuti sei murume achiramba kuita izvozvo.
Vose vanokanganisa uye vashanduki vezvidzidzo vanofanirwa kuwana pakarepo kuwana upfumi husingaperi uye vagari venyika mune chero nyika dzavanoda.
Pane chakakanganisa chiri munyaya ino. Vietnam yaiva 500,000 kwete 50,000. Maererano nehupfumi wePentagon. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-cohn/us-government-sanitizes-v_b_6003704.html
Zvinonyatsotora munhu akasimba, akashinga uye mutsika akanaka kuti akwanise kumira nekuramba kurwisa hondo isiri pamutemo, uye asingabatanidzi mune zvimwe zvinotyisa zvakaitwa nevanhu veIraq. Ini ndinovatsigira munzira dzose uye zvechokwadi ndinovada ivo zvakanakisisa uye vanoyemura mwoyo wakanaka wevanhu kuti ivo.
Mukutsvakurudza mazita emadzinza, ndakawana muzukuru wechipiri kana wechitatu ainge aramba kupinda muchiuto muHondo Yenyika II. Ndinomubata mukuremekedzwa kukuru sezvandiri kuita hama dzangu dzose dzakarwa muHondo Yenyika II.
Chirevo chinoitwa "Chakavanzika Eddie Slovik, musoja anga azvipira kubvisa zvimbambaira…" Pane chinyorwa chechokwadi cheichi ruzivo? Zita re (Ndiani) akataura chirevo kana kupa chirevo chechinyorwa chako? Zuva (Rini)? Nzvimbo (Kupi)? Mamiriro ezvinhu akarehwa chirevo ichi (pamberi, panguva, mushure mekurwa kwedare, kana pamberi pekuurayiwa kwakaitwa)? Chirevo ichi chine zvadzinoreva zvakakomba pakuongorora kwakanyanya kwemutemo / nhoroondo uye kuongororwa kweSlovik kesi faira!
Il ne faut pas non plus idéaliser la desertion, some désertent par manque d'action...
En général les gens qui s'engagent dans les armées Occidentales et surtout dans l'infanterie savent très bien qu'ils vont devoir ”tuer” nguva imwe neimwe kana munhu achishanda nesimba.
En générale ils désertent car nos institution leurs font croire qu'ils vont aller sauver la veuve et l'orphelin alors qu'il n'en est rien.
On tombe souvent sur les mêmes statistiques, désertion au bout de 2 ans de service, soit après un ou deux deploiements. Tout ce petit monde construit par nos institution depuis notre enfance s'écroule, on se sent trahis et on va au régiment avec une boule au ventre.
Pour conclure je dirais que les institution militaire adopte la stratégie de ”la meilleurs défense c'est l'attaque” jusqu'au bout en stigmatisant d'office les déserteurs alors que en réalité ils nous conconditioner pour praise.