'Idzi inguva dzine njodzi': murume akamhan'arira George W Bush nehondo yeIraq

Mumhan'ari aive Sundus Shaker Saleh, mudzidzisi weIraqi, muimbi uye amai vevana vashanu, vakamanikidzwa kuenda. Iraki mushure mekupinda nechisimba uye nyika yakazopinda muhondo yevagari vemo. Akambobudirira, mhuri yake yaigara muurombo muAmman, Jordan, kubvira 2005.

Anomiririra Saleh aive gweta ane makore makumi matatu nemanomwe anoshanda ega uye ane vatengi vemazuva ese madiki ekutanga tekinoroji anotarisa kuchengetedza pfuma yavo yehungwaru. Zita rake ndi Inder Comar, uye kana Atticus Finch Vaifanira kuzofungwazve segweta renyika, rine tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, gweta remahombekombe ekumadokero, Comar, uyo amai vake vaibva kuMexico uye baba vaibva kuIndia, zvingakwana. Akanaka uye anokurumidza kunyemwerera, kunyange akamira kunze kwedare musi weMuvhuro une mhepo, akanga akashushikana. Hameno kuti sutu itsva yaibatsira here.

“Ndichangoiwana,” akadaro. "Unofungei?"

Aive mapiece matatu, silver-grey, aine mapini matema. Comar akange aitenga mazuva mashoma apfuura, achifunga kuti aifanira kutaridzika seane hunyanzvi uye ane njere sezvaaigona, nekuti kubvira paakabata pfungwa yekumhan'arira varongi vehondo muIraq, akange achiziva kusaratidza kupenga kana dilettante. Asi mabatiro esutu nyowani iyi aive akasviba: ingangove rudzi rwechinhu chinopfekwa nemunhu anopfekwa nemafuta ekuTexas, kana chipfeko chaizopfekwa nepwere akarasika achikurudzira.

Nezuro wacho, mufurati raComar, akandiudza kuti uku kwakanga kuri kunzwa kunokosha zvikurusa kwebasa rake. Akanga asati ambopikisa nyaya pamberi peNinth Circuit, inova chikamu chimwe chete pasi pedare repamusoro, uye akanga asina kudya, kurara kana kurovedza muviri nemazvo mumavhiki. "Ndichiri kushamisika kuti tiri kunzwa nyaya," akadaro. "Asi kwatove kukunda, chokwadi chekuti vatongi veUS vanonzwa nekupokana pfungwa iyi."

Pfungwa: kana mutungamiri wenyika, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri uye vamwe vese vakaronga hondo ivo pachavo vane mhosva yepamutemo pamhedzisiro yayo. Kazhinji kacho bazi repamusoro haringavi nemhosva kumatare ane chekuita nezviito zvinotorwa pavanenge vari muhofisi, sevashandi vese vemubatanidzwa; asi dziviriro iyi inoshanda chete kana vashandi ivavo vachiita mukati mechikamu chebasa ravo. Comar aipokana kuti Bush et al vakanga vachiita kunze kwekudzivirirwa ikoko. Uyezve, vakanga vapara mhosva yechisimba - kutyora mutemo wenyika dzakawanda.

Tarisiro yekuti, mumaawa mashoma, dare revatongi vatatu richabvumirana naComar uye vanoda kuti varongi vehondo - aimbove mutungamiri wenyika. George W Bush, aimbova mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika Richard B Cheney, aimbova munyori wehurumende Colin Powell, aimbova munyori wezvekudzivirirwa Donald Rumsfeld, aimbova mutevedzeri wemunyori wezvekudzivirirwa Paul Wolfowitz uye aimbove chipangamazano nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika Condoleezza Rice - kuve nemhosva yekupinzwa kweIraq, kufa kwevanopfuura 500,000 vagari vemuIraq uye kutamiswa kwemamwe mamirioni mashanu, kwakaratidzika kunge kusingaite.

“Zvadaro zvakare,” akadaro Comar, “pamwe vakangofunga kuti, 'Madii kupa murume uyu zuva rake mudare?'

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Inder Comar akanga ari muchikoro chemutemo paYunivhesiti yeNew York apo hondo yakatanga, uye apo kupindira kwacho kwaienda kubva pakuipa kuenda kune zvakaipa kuenda kunjodzi, akatora kirasi pamusoro pehutsinye husina kutsamwiswa mumutemo wepasi rose, hwakanangana netsika yepamutemo yakagadzwa nesangano. Nuremberg tribunal. KuNuremberg, vachuchisi vakabudirira kuita nharo kuti, kunyange zvazvo hutungamiriri hweNazi hwakakonzera hondo yenyika yechipiri hwaitevera mirairo uye huchiita mukati mechikamu chebasa ravo sevatariri vehurumende yeGermany, kunyanguvezvo vaiva nemhosva yemhaka dzechisimba uye mhosva dzakaitirwa vanhu. MaNazi akanga apinda munyika dzakazvimirira pasina kudenhwa, uye aisakwanisa kushandisa mitemo yemumba kuvadzivirira. Mukutaura kwake kwekutanga, Robert Jackson, mutongi mukuru wedare repamusoro reAmerica nomuchuchisi mukuru, akati: “Kutongwa uku kunomirira nhamburiko huru yorudzi rwomunhu yokushandisa chirango chomutemo kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende vakashandisa masimba avo ehurumende kurwisa nheyo dzorugare rwenyika uye kuita chisimba mukurwisana nekodzero. yevavakidzani vavo.”

Mhosva iyi yaiita senge Comar iine mashoma anopindirana, kunyanya mushure mekunge nyika yaona izvozvo Saddam Hussein aiva hapana zvombo zvinoparadza zvakawanda uye kuti varongi vekurwisa vakatanga kufunga shanduko yehutongi muIraq kare pasati pave nepfungwa yeWMD. Mukati memakore mashomanene akatevera, mirangariro yenyika yose yakavamba kuwirirana mukurwisana nokuva pamutemo kwehondo. Muna 2004, panguva iyoyo munyori mukuru weUN Kofi Annan akadana hondo yacho kuti “isiri pamutemo”. Paramende yeDutch yakazvidaidza kuti kutyora mutemo wepasi rose. Mu 2009, Benjamin Ferencz, mumwe wemuchuchisi weAmerica kuNuremberg, akanyora kuti "nharo yakanaka inogona kuitwa kuti kupindira kweUnited States muIraq kwakanga kusiri pamutemo".

Comar, panguva iyoyo gweta rakazvimirira raidzidzira muSan Francisco, akashamisika kuti sei pasina munhu akamhan’arira manejimendi. Vagari vekune dzimwe nyika vanogona kumhan'arira kuUS nekutyorwa kwemutemo wepasirese, saka pakati pekumira zviri pamutemo kwemuIraq akashungurudzwa nehondo uye zvakatemerwa nedare reNuremberg, Comar akafunga kuti paive nemukana chaiwo wemhosva. Akazvitaura kune mamwe magweta nevaimbova mapurofesa. Vamwe vaikurudzira zvinyoro, kunyange zvazvo pasina aifunga kuti sutu yakadaro yaizoenda kupi zvako.

Zvichakadaro, Comar hafu-akatarisira mumwe munhu kuti amhan'are nyaya iyi. Kune magweta anopfuura miriyoni 1.3 muAmerica, uye zviuru zvevasina purofiti. Mhosva shoma dzakanga dzamhan'arwa, dzichipokana kuti hondo haina kumbobvira yatenderwa nemazvo neCongress uye nekudaro inopesana nemutemo. Uye pakanga paine gumi nembiri kana kupfuura kumatare edzimhosva achipokana naRumsfeld nekuda kwekubvumidza kwake kushandiswa kwekutambudza vasungwa. Asi hapana akanga apikisa kuti, pavakaronga nekuita hondo, bazi guru rakatyora mutemo.

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Muna 2013, Comar aishanda kunze kwenzvimbo yakagovaniswa yehofisi inonzi Hub, yakakomberedzwa nekutanga uye isiri-purofiti. Mumwe wevaaishanda naye muhofisi akanga asvika pakuziva mhuri yakakurumbira yeJordani yaigara munharaunda yeBay uye, kubvira pahondo, akanga achibatsira vapoteri vokuIraq muAmman. Mukati memwedzi yakawanda, vakasuma Comar kuvapoteri vaigara muJordani, pakati pavo Sundus Shaker Saleh. Comar naSaleh vakataura kuburikidza neSkype, uye maari akawana mukadzi ane shungu uye ane hunyanzvi uyo, makore gumi nemaviri mushure mekurwiswa, aive akatsamwa.

Saleh akaberekerwa muKarkh, Baghdad, muna 1966. Akadzidza paArt Institute muBaghdad uye akava muimbi akabudirira uye mudzidzisi. VaSaleh vaiva vatsigiri vechitendero cheSabean-Mandean, chitendero chinotevera dzidziso dzaJohane Mubhabhatidzi asi chine nzvimbo iri kunze kwechiKristu kana chiIslam. Kunyangwe kwaive nemaMandean asingasviki 100,000 muIraq hondo isati yatanga, vakasiiwa vega naHussein. Chero mhosva yake, akachengetedza nharaunda umo zvitendero zvakawanda zvekare zveIraq zvaigara murunyararo.

Mushure mekupinda nechisimba kweUS, kurongeka kwakawedzera uye vashoma vezvitendero vakanangwa. Saleh akava mukuru wesarudzo, uye iye nemhuri yake vakatyisidzirwa. Akarohwa, ndokuenda kumapurisa kuti abatsirwe, asi vakati hapana chavaigona kuita kumudzivirira nevana vake. Iye nemurume wake vakaparadzana. Akatora mwanakomana wavo mukuru akaenda naye kuJorodhani, kwavakagara kubva 2005 vasina mapasipoti kana chizvarwa. Aishanda semusikana webasa, mubiki uye musoni. Mwanakomana wake ane makore 12 okukura aifanira kusiya chikoro kuti ashande ndokupa mupiro wemhuri.

Muna Kurume 2013, Saleh akabata Comar kuti ape sutu kune vakaronga kurwisa Iraq; akanga asingagamuchiri mari, kana kutsvaka muripo. Muna Chivabvu, akaenda kuJorodhani kunotora uchapupu hwake. "Zvandakavaka mumakore zvakaparadzwa muminiti imwe pamberi pemaziso angu," akamuudza kudaro. “Basa rangu, chinzvimbo changu, vabereki vangu, mhuri yangu yose. Iye zvino ndinongoda kurarama. Saamai. Vana vangu vakaita seruva. Dzimwe nguva ndinotadza kudzidiridza. Ndinoda kuvabata, asi ndakabatikana zvikuru kuedza kurarama.”

***

"Idzi inguva dzine njodzi," Comar akandiudza musi wa 11 Zvita gore rakapera. Anga asina kuronga kutaura nyaya yake pamusoro paVaTrump, asi nyaya yake yekutanga yanga ichiitika mushure memwedzi mushure mesarudzo uye zvairehwa nekushandiswa kwemasimba zvisizvo zvaive zvakakomba. Mhosva yaComar yaive pamusoro pehutongi hwemutemo - mutemo wepasi rose, mutemo wechisikigo - uye vaTrump vanga vasati varatidza ruremekedzo rwakadzama rwemaitiro kana chokwadi. Chokwadi chiri pamwoyo wehondo paIraq. Comar anopokana kuti vakagadzirwa kuti vapembedze kurwisa uku, uye kana chero mutungamiri wenyika aizonyepera chokwadi kuti zvienderane nezvinangwa zvake, angave Trump, uyo anonyora ruzivo rwenhema kune vateveri vake mamirioni makumi maviri neshanu. Dai pakambove nenguva yekujekesa izvo US inogona uye isingakwanise kuita maererano nekupinda kwemarudzi anozvitonga, zvingaite sezviri ikozvino.

Kuna Comar, muuyo wakanakisa pakunzwa kwezuva rinotevera ungave wekuti dare ritumire nyaya pasi kuti inzwe humbowo: kutonga kwakakodzera. Ipapo aifanira kugadzirira nyaya chaiyo - pachiyero cheNuremberg tribunal pachayo. Asi kutanga aifanira kupfuura Westfall Act.

Zita rakazara reWestfall Act ndiro Federal Employees Liability Reform uye Tort Compensation Act ya1988, uye yaive padanho remhosva yaComar, uye yekudzivirira kwehurumende. Muchidimbu, chiito chinodzivirira vashandi vehurumende kubva kumatare edzimhosva kubva pazviito mukati mehuwandu hwebasa ravo. Kana mushandi weposvo asingazivi achiendesa bhomba, haakwanisi kutongerwa mudare rehurumende, nokuti vaishanda mukati memiganhu yebasa ravo.

Chiitiko ichi chakashandiswa apo vamhan'ari vakamhan'arira Rumsfeld nebasa rake mukushandiswa kwekurwadzisa. Muzviitiko zvese, zvakadaro, matare akabvuma kutsiviwa kweUS semupomerwi anonzi, panzvimbo pake. Kufunga kwakajeka ndekwekuti Rumsfeld, semunyori wezvekudzivirirwa, akapihwa basa rekudzivirira nyika uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuronga nekuita hondo.

Mutungamiri Bush vanotaura vasati vabvumidza US kushandisa chisimba kurwisa Iraq, muna Gumiguru 2002. Mufananidzo: William Philpott/Reuters

"Asi izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakataurwa nedare reNuremberg," Comar akandiudza. “VaNazi vakaita gakava rimwe chetero: kuti vatungamiriri vavo vehondo vakapiwa basa rokurwa, uye vakaita saizvozvo, kuti varwi vavo vaitevera mirairo. Ndiyo nharo yakabviswa neNuremberg. "

Comar anogara mune ingangoita spartan frugality mufurati re studio mudhorobha reSan Francisco. Maonero emadziro esimende akafukidzwa nemoss uye ferns; imba yekugezera idiki, muenzi anogona kugeza maoko ake kubva pafoyer. Pasherufu padivi pemubhedha wake pane bhuku rine musoro Kudya Hove Huru.

Haafaniri kurarama nenzira iyi. Mushure mechikoro chemutemo, Comar akapedza makore mana kune imwe kambani yemagweta, achishanda pamatare edzimhosva. Akasiya kuti agadzire yake femu, kuti akwanise kupatsanura nguva yake pakati penyaya dzehutongi hwemagariro neavo vaizobhadhara mabhiri. Makore gumi nemaviri apedza kudzidza, achiri nechikwereti chakakura kubva kuchikwereti chake chechikoro chemutemo (sezvaakaita Barack Obama paakatora chigaro).

Patakataura muna Zvita, aive nedzimwe nyaya dzakati wandei, asi anga achigadzirira nyaya yacho kweinoda kusvika mwedzi gumi nemisere. Sezvataitaura, aigara akatarisa kunze nepahwindo, akananga kumadziro emoss. Paakanyemwerera mazino ake aipenya muchiedza chakati sandarara. Aiva nemwoyo wose asi achikurumidza kuseka, aifarira kukurukura mazano uye aiwanzoti, “Mubvunzo wakanaka uyu!” Akatarisa uye aitaura semabhizimusi etekinoroji aanowanzo miririra: anofunga, akadzikama, anobvunza, aine zvishoma zvekuti sei-kwete-kupa-iyo-pfuti? mafungiro anokosha kune chero kutanga.

Kubva paakatanga kumhan'arira muna 2013, nyaya yaComar yanga yapinda mumatare epasi mune zvaiita senge zvisina zvibereko. Asi nguva yekupindira yakanga yamupa mukana wekusimudzira pfupiso yake; pakasvika nyaya yake kudare repfumbamwe, akange awana rutsigiro rwaisatarisirwa kubva kumagweta masere ane mukurumbira, mumwe nemumwe akawedzera mapfupi amicus. Chaizivikanwa pakati pavo chaiva Ramsey Clark, aimbova gweta guru reUS pasi Lyndon B. Johnson, uye Marjorie Cohn, aimbova purezidhendi we National Lawyers Guild. Comar akabva anzwa kubva panheyo yakagadzirwa naBenjamin Ferencz, muchuchisi weNuremberg ane makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe aakanyorera ku: Planethood Foundation yakamhan'ara amicus pfupi.

"Izvo zvipfupi zvaive chinhu chikuru," Comar akadaro. “Dare rakaona kuti kumashure kweizvi kune uto diki. Akanga asiri mumwe murume anopenga muSan Francisco. "

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Muvhuro 12 Zvita kunotonhora uye kuzere. Dare richatongwa riri panaMission Street na7th Street, pasi pemamita makumi matatu kubva panotengwa zvinodhaka nekudyiwa pachena. With Comar ndizvo Curtis Doebbler, purofesa wezvemitemo kubva kuGeneva School of Diplomacy uye International Relations; akabhururuka manheru apfuura. Ane ndebvu, anotariswa uye akanyarara. Nejasi rake refu rakasviba nemaziso akavharika, ane mhepo yemunhu ari kubuda muhusiku hune mhute akatakura nhau dzakaipa. Comar anotarisira kumupa maminetsi mashanu pagumi neshanu kuti atarise nyaya yacho kubva pamaonero emutemo wenyika.

Tinopinda mudare dzave kuma 30. Vamhan’ari vose vamangwanani vanotarisirwa kusvika naXNUMX ndokuteerera noruremekedzo kumhaka dzasara dzamangwanani. Dare redzimhosva idiki, rine zvigaro zvingasvika makumi matatu zvevaoni nevatori vechikamu. Bhenji revatongi rakakwirira uye rakapetwa katatu. Mumwe nemumwe wevatongi vatatu ane maikorofoni, chirongo chidiki chemvura uye bhokisi rematishu.

Kutarisana nevatongi i podium apo magweta anopa nharo dzavo. Haina chinhu asi yezvinhu zviviri: bepa rakadhindwa nemazita evatongi - Hurwitz, Graber neBoulware - nemudziyo, saizi yewachi yealarm, ine marambi matatu akatenderedzwa pamusoro payo: girini, yero, tsvuku. Iyo wachi yedhijitari inoratidzwa yakaiswa pa10.00. Iyi ndiyo timer, inoverengera kumashure kusvika 0, iyo inoudza Inder Comar kuti inguva yakadii yasara.

Zvakakosha kutsanangura kuti kunzwa pamberi peNinth Circuit zvinorevei uye zvisingarevi. Kune rumwe rutivi, idare rine simba guru rine vatongi vanoremekedzwa zvikuru uye vanoomesa mukusarudza nyaya dzavanonzwa. Ukuwo, havaedzi mhosva. Pane kudaro, vanogona kutsigira mutongo wedare repasi kana kuti vanogona kudzorera nyaya (kuidzosera kudare repasi kuti itongwe chaiko). Izvi ndizvo zviri kutsvagwa naComar: kodzero yekunzwa kunzwa chaiko pamusoro pemutemo wehondo.

Chekupedzisira chakakosha chokwadi cheNinth Circuit ndechekuti inogovera pakati pegumi nemaminitsi gumi nemashanu padivi penyaya. Mumhan’ari anopiwa maminitsi gumi kuti atsanangure kuti sei mutongo wedare repasi wakanga usina kururama, uye mumhan’ari anopihwa maminitsi gumi kuti atsanangure kuti sei mutongo wapfuura wakanga wakarurama. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoratidzika kana nyaya inonyanya kukosha, nyaya dzinopiwa maminitsi gumi nemashanu.

Vamhan'ari munyaya yekaraoke, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko mangwanani iwayo, vakapiwa maminitsi gumi. Mhosva yaComar naSaleh yakapihwa gumi neshanu. Ingori nhanho yekurerekera kune kukosha kwenyaya iripo: mubvunzo wekuti kana US ingapinda nechisimba nyika dzakazvimirira nekunyepedzera kwenhema - zvakatangira uye zvazvinoreva.

Zvakare, iyo Popeyes huku kesi yakapihwa maminitsi gumi nemashanu, zvakare.

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Nyaya dzezuva dzinotanga, uye kune ani nani asina dhigirii remutemo, nyaya dziri pamberi peComar hadzina musoro. Magweta haasi kupa humbowo, kudaidza vafakazi uye kubvunzurudza. Pane kudaro, pese panodanwa nyaya, zvinotevera zvinotevera. Gweta rinokwira papodium, dzimwe nguva richitendeukira kune vateereri kuti riwedzere kushinga kubva kune waanoshanda naye kana mudiwa. Ipapo gweta rinounza mapepa aro pachikuva uye rinonyatsoaronga. Pamapeji aya - zvechokwadi paComar's - irondedzero yakanyorwa, yakarongeka, yakatsvakurudzwa zvakadzama, yezvichataurwa negweta. Nemapepa akarongwa, gweta rinoratidza kuti ragadzirira, mabharani anotanga timer, uye 10.00 anokurumidza kuita 8.23 ​​uye 4.56 uye ipapo 2.00, panguva iyo mwenje wegirini unobva waita yero. Zvinotyisa kune vese. Hapana nguva yakakwana.

Uye hapana yenguva iyi ndeyemumhan'ari. Pasina kunze, mukati memasekonzi makumi mapfumbamwe ekutanga, vatongi vanosvetuka. Havadi kunzwa hurukuro. Vakaverenga zvipfupi uye vakaongorora nyaya dzacho; vanoda kupinda munyama yacho. Kunzeve isina kudzidziswa, zvizhinji zvezvinoitika mudare zvinonzwika sophistry - kuedza kusimba kwenharo yepamutemo, kuronga nekuongorora kufungidzira, mutauro wekuongorora, semantics, unyanzvi.

Inder Comar naSundus Shaker Saleh kumba kwake muJordani muna Chivabvu 2013

Vatongi vane zvitaera zvakasiyana chaizvo. Andrew Hurwitz, kuruboshwe, ndiye anotaura zvakawanda. Pamberi pake pane mukombe wakareba we Ikweta kofi; panguva yokutanga, anoipedza. Anobva aita seari kuchema. Paanodimburira magweta, anoramba achitendeukira kune vamwe vatongi, sokunge ari kuti, “Ndizvo here? Ndizvo here?" Anoratidzika kunge ari kunakidzwa, kunyemwerera uye kuseka uye anogara achibatikana. Pane imwe nguva anodzokorora Seinfeld, achiti. "Hapana soup iwe." Munguva yekaraoke kesi, anopa kuti iye anofarira. “Ndiri mutengi wekaraoke,” anodaro. Ipapo anotendeukira kune vamwe vatongi vaviri, sokunge ari kuti, “Ndizvo here? Ndizvo here?"

Mutongi Susan Graber, ari pakati, haadzore kutarisa kwaHurwitz. Anotarisa mberi kwechikamu chiri nani chemaawa matatu. Ane ganda rakatsetseka uye matama ake akatsvuka, asi kubata kwake kwakanyanya. Bvudzi rake ipfupi, magirazi ake nhete; anotarisa gweta rimwe nerimwe pasi, asingabwairi, muromo wake uri pamucheto wokushamisika.

Kurudyi ndiJustice Richard Boulware, mudiki, African American uye ane mbudzi yakachekwa zvakanaka. Akagara nemazita, zvichireva kuti haasi nhengo yechigarire yeNinth Circuit. Anonyemwerera nguva nenguva asi, saGraber, ane nzira yekutsveta miromo yake, kana kuisa ruoko rwake pachirebvu chake kana padama, zvinoratidza kuti ari kutomboshivirira zvisina maturo pamberi pake.

Sezvo awa inosvika 11, Comar anowedzera kutya. Apo, na11.03, mabharani anozivisa, “Sundus Saleh v George Bush,” zvakaoma kusazvidya mwoyo pamusoro pake nepepa repepa repepa rakatsvinda rake.

Chiedza chinoenda chakasvibira uye Comar inotanga. Anotaura kweinopfuura miniti imwe chete Graber asati akanganisa. “Ngatidzingirei,” anodaro.

"Chokwadi," Comar anodaro.

"Pandinoverenga nyaya idzi," anodaro, "zviito zvevashandi vehurumende zvinogona kunge zvisirizvo uye zvichiri kuvharwa neWestfall Act, zvichiri chikamu chebasa ravo, uye nekudaro zvichikonzerwa nekusadzivirirwa kweWestfall Act. Hamubvumirani nazvo here senheyowo zvayo?”

“Handipokani nazvo sechinhuwo zvacho,” anodaro Comar.

"Zvakanaka," Graber anodaro, "saka chii chakasiyana nezvechinhu ichi?"

Heino, hongu, ndiyo nzvimbo iyo Comar aida kuti, "Chii chinoita kuti chinhu ichi chisiyane ndechekuti yaive hondo. Hondo yakavakirwa pakunyepedzera kwenhema uye chokwadi chakagadzirwa. Hondo yakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vanosvika hafu yemiriyoni. Hafu yemirioni mweya, uye rudzi rwakaparadzwa.” Asi mukupisa kwechinguva, tsinga dzake dzakazununguka uye uropi hwake hwakasungwa mumafundo emutemo, anopindura, "Ini ndinofunga tinofanirwa kupinda mumasora emutemo weDC totarisa nyaya dzemutemo weDC umo mune idzo ..."

Hurwitz anomukanganisa, uye kubva ipapo zvazara munzvimbo, vatongi vatatu vachivhiringidza mumwe nemumwe uye Comar, asi zvakanyanya ndezveWestfall Act uye kana Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld naWolfowitz vanga vachiita mukati mechikamu chebasa ravo. Iyo, kwemaminetsi mashoma, inosekesa kuderedza. Pane imwe nguva Hurwitz anobvunza kana kana kwete, kana mumwe wevanopomerwa akakuvadzwa, vaizogamuchira muripo wemushandi. Zvaari kutaura ndezvekuti mutungamiri wenyika nedare ravo remakurukota vaive vashandi vehurumende, uye vaiziva nezvemabhenefiti pamwe nekuchengetedzeka kwebasa. Hurukuro yacho inoenderana nemaitiro ezuva rakawanda, apo fungidziro dzinovaraidzwa, kunyanya mumweya wevanyori vanosekesa, sepikicha yemashoko kana mutambo wechess.

Mushure memaminitsi mapfumbamwe, Comar anogara pasi uye anosiya maminetsi mashanu anotevera kuna Doebbler. Kufanana nechirongo chokuyamura chiri kuwana mutswe mutsva pamutsetse wokurova weanopikisa, Doebbler anotanga ari panzvimbo yakasiana chose chose, uye kwenguva yokutanga miuyo yehondo inodudzwa: “Uku hakusi kutambudza kwenyu kwetsika,” anodaro. “Ichi chiito chakaparadza hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu. Hatisi kutaura nezvekuti mukuru wehurumende anongoita chimwe chinhu chingave chiri maererano nemamiriro ake ebasa, mukati mehofisi yake, izvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa ... "

"Rega ndikumise kwechipiri," Hurwitz anodaro. “Ndinoda kunzwisisa musiyano mukupopotedzana kwamuri kuita. Waunoshanda naye anoti hatifanirwe kuwana Mutemo weWestfall kuti ushande nekuti vanga vasingaite mukati mechikamu chebasa ravo. Ngatifungei kuti vaiva kwechinguva. Muri kuita nharo dzekuti kunyangwe vanga varipo, mutemo weWestfall haushande?”

Maminitsi mashanu aDoebbler anobhururuka, zvino inguva yehurumende. Gweta ravo rinenge 30, lanky uye loose. Haaite seanotya zvakanyanya sezvaanopokana kupokana kwaComar, zvinenge zvakazara pahwaro hweWestfall Act. Kupihwa maminetsi gumi nemashanu ekudzivirira hurumende pamhosva yehondo isina kururama, anoshandisa gumi nerimwe chete.

***

Pakatonga dunhu repfumbamwe richipokana nekurambidzwa kwaTrump kufamba musi wa9 Kukadzi, mazhinji enhau dzeAmerica, uye chokwadi maAmerican akaenda, akapemberera. Kuda kwedare kusimuka uye kutarisa masimba emutungamiri wenyika nokutonga kwakagomara nokunzwisisa. White House yaVaTrump, kubva pazuva ravo rekutanga, yanga yaratidza chido chakasimba chekuda kuita unilateral, uye neRepublican Congress padivi pake, pakanga pangosara bazi rekutonga kudzikamisa masimba avo. Circuit yepfumbamwe yakaita izvozvo chaizvo.

Mangwana acho, Denderedzwa repfumbamwe rakazotonga paSaleh v Bush, uye pano vakaita zvakapesana. Vakasimbisa kusadzivirirwa kwebazi guru, zvisinei nehukuru hwemhosva. Mafungiro avo ane mutongo uyu unotyisa: "Pakapasiswa Mutemo weWestfall, zvaive pachena kuti kusadzivirirwa uku kwakabata kunyangwe zviito zvakaipa."

Mafungiro acho akareba mapeji makumi maviri nemashanu uye anogadzirisa akawanda emapoinzi akaitwa mukunyunyuta kwaComar, asi hapana chimwe chezvinhu zvacho. Nguva nenguva dare rinoramba mutemo weWestfall Act, uye rinoramba chero mumwe mutemo unoutsiva - kunyangwe zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvinorambidza hutsinye, kusanganisira iyo UN charter. Pfungwa iyi inozvibatanidza nemapfumo kuti ipembedze kuremerwa kwayo, asi inopa muenzaniso mumwe wemhaka ingangove isingafukidzwi nemutemo: “Mubati wehurumende angaita nevavariro 'zvake' kana, semuenzaniso, akashandisa simba rake. hofisi kuti ibatsire bhizimisi romumwe wake, vasingateereri kukuvadzwa kunovapo kugarikano yavose.”

"Icho chaive chirevo kuna Trump," Comar anodaro. Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti kuitwa kwehondo isina kururama hakutongerwe mhosva; asi kuti dai mutungamiri wenyika aripo aizoshandisa hofisi yake kubatsira Melania's brands, semuenzaniso, ipapo dare rinogona kunge riine chekutaura nezvazvo.

***

Izuva rakatevera mutongo, uye Comar anogara mumba make, achiri kugadzirisa. Akagamuchira pfungwa yacho mangwanani, asi akanga asina simba rokuiverenga kusvikira masikati; aiziva kuti zvakanga zvisiri kumutsigira uye kuti nyaya yacho yakanga yafa. Saleh ave kugara munyika yechitatu semutsvaki wehupoteri, uye achibata nezvehutano. Aneta uye haachina imwe nzvimbo muhupenyu hwake yekumhan'ara.

Comar, zvakare, aneta. Nyaya iyi yatora makore anoda kusvika mana kuti isvike kuNinth Circuit. Anongwarira kutaura kutenda kwake kuti dare rakazvinzwa pakutanga. “Chakanaka ndechekuti vakazvikoshesa zvikuru. Vakanyatsogadzirisa nharo dzose. "

Anotura befu, obva anyora nyaya dzisina kutaurwa nedare. "Ivo vane simba rekutarisa mutemo wepasi rose uye kuona hutsinye sechinyakare." Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo Ninth Circuit ingadai yakaziva kugadzira hondo zvisiri pamutemo semhosva "yepamusoro", sezvakaita vatongi kuNuremberg, zvichienderana nedanho rakasiyana rekuongororwa. “Asi havana kudaro. Vakati, 'Tinogona kudaro, asi hatisi kuzoenda nhasi.' Sekureva kwemutongo uyu, White House neCongress zvinogona kuita mhirizhonga muzita rekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, uye kuchengetedzwa. "

Kana nyaya yacho yapera, Comar anoronga kubata hope nekushanda. Ari kupedzisa chibvumirano chekutenga nekambani ye tech. Asi anoramba achinetseka nezvinorehwa nemutongo uyu. "Ndiri kufara chaizvo kuti dare riri kupikisa VaTrump panyaya yekubvakacha. Asi, chero chikonzero, kana zvasvika kuhondo nerunyararo, muUS yakangoiswa mabhokisi kune imwe chikamu chehuropi hwedu. Hatingozvibvunzi. Tinofanira kukurukura kuti sei tichigara tichirwa hondo. Uye nei tichigara tichizviita unilaterally. "

Icho chokwadi chekuti hutongi hweBush hwakaita hondo pasina mhedzisiro inosimbisa kwete Trump chete, anodaro Comar, asi hutsinye kune imwe nzvimbo pasirese. "VaRussia vakataura Iraq kuti varuramise [kupinda kwavo] Crimea. Ivo nevamwe vanoshandisa Iraq semuenzaniso. Ndinoreva, zvibvumirano nemachata atakamisa anomisa nzira yekuti, kana iwe uchida kuita mhirizhonga, unofanirwa kuzviita zviri pamutemo. Iwe unofanirwa kuwana sarudzo kubva kuUN uye kushanda nevamwe vako. Asi hurongwa hwese huri kubuda - uye izvo zvinoita kuti nyika ive nzvimbo isina kuchengetedzeka. "