MaAmerican vanogara kunze kwenyika - vanopfuura mamirioni matanhatu vedu pasi rose (kusingaverengwa avo vanoshandira hurumende yeUS) - kazhinji vanosangana nemibvunzo yakaoma nezve nyika yedu kubva kuvanhu vatinogara navo. MaEuropean, maAsia, uye maAfrica vanotikumbira kuti titsanangure zvese zvinovashamisa nezvehunhu husinganzwisisike uye hunonetsa hweUnited States. Vanhu vane hunhu, vanowanzozeza kuzviisa panjodzi yekugumbusa muenzi, vanogunun'una kuti America-inokonzeresa-mufaro, kutemesa-kusheedzera, uye "zvakasarudzika" zvakaenderera kwenguva refu kuti zvionekwe senge chikamu chevechidiki. Zvinoreva kuti isu maAmerican vari kunze kwenyika tinogara tichikumbirwa kuti tizvidavirire hunhu hwenyika yedu, "zvino unoonekwa donha uye kuwedzera kubva padanho pamwe nenyika yose.
Muhupenyu hwangu hwakareba hwekutama-tama, ndakave nerombo rakanaka rekugara, kushanda, kana kufamba mune zvese kunze kwenyika shoma dzenyika ino. Ndanga ndichienda kumatanda ese uye nenzvimbo dzakawanda pakati, uye nesy sezvandiri, ndataura nevanhu munzira yose. Ndichiri kurangarira nguva yekuti kuve muAmerican yaifanirwa kugodorwa. Nyika yandakakurira mushure meHondo Yenyika II yaiita kunge inoremekedzwa uye inoyemurwa pasirese nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawandisa zvekupinda muno.
Izvo zvachinja, chokwadika. Kunyangwe mushure mekurwiswa kweIraq muna 2003, ndakangosangana nevanhu - kuMiddle East, zvisingaite - vachida kurega kutonga kuUS Vazhinji vakafunga kuti Dare Repamusorosoro kugadzwa yaGeorge W. Bush semutungamiri wenyika aive akanganisa Vavhoti vekuAmerica vaizogadzirisa musarudzo ye2004. Zvake dzokera kuoffice akanyora chaizvo kupera kweAmerica sekuzivikanwa kwaizoitwa nenyika. Bush anga atanga hondo, achipikiswa nenyika yese, nekuti aida uye aigona. Vazhinji veAmerica vakamutsigira. Uye ndipo pakatanga mibvunzo yese isina kugadzikana.
Mukutanga kwekudonha kwe2014, ndakafamba kubva kumba kwangu muOslo, kuNorway, nepakati peEast Europe neCentral Europe. Kwese kwandakaenda mumwedzi miviri iyoyo, nguva mushure mekunge vanhu vemuno vaona kuti ini ndaive wekuAmerican mibvunzo yakatanga uye, zvine moyo wakanaka sezvavaowanzoita, vazhinji vavo vaive nemusoro mumwechete wekuti: Vamamiririri vakapfuura nepamhepo here? Unopenga here? Ndokumbirawo utsanangure.
Zvino nguva pfupi yadarika, ndakadzokera ku "kumusha." Zvakandirova ipapo kuti vazhinji maAmerican havana zano rekuti isu tisinganzwisisike sei isu pari zvino tinoita kunge vazhinji venyika. Mune ruzivo rwangu, vacherechedzi vekunze vane ruzivo zviri nani nezvedu kupfuura muvhareji weAmerica ari nezvavo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti "nhau" munhau dzeAmerica dzakanyanyisa uye dzakaganhurirwa mumaonero ayo maitiro atinoita uye dzimwe nyika dzinofunga - kunyangwe nyika dzataive nadzo munguva pfupi yapfuura, parizvino, kana kutyisidzira dzichakurumidza kuva muhondo . Hondo yeAmerica chete, tisingataure maacrobatics emari, inomanikidza nyika yese kuti irambe iri padhuze nesu. Ndiani anoziva, mushure mezvose, ndeipi kurwa iyo maAmerican angakudhonze iwe unotevera, seyakavavarira kana isingadi mubatsiri?
Saka pese patinogarisa pasirese, isu tinowana mumwe munhu anoda kutaura nezveazvino zviitiko zveAmerica, zvakakura uye zvidiki: imwe nyika bhomba muzita ra yedu "Chengetedzo yenyika," imwe runyararo rwekuratidzira akarwisa nekuwedzera kwedu vemauto mapurisa, mumwe diatribe kupokana ne "hurumende huru" nemumwezve wannabe mukwikwidzi uyo anotarisira kutungamira iyo chaiyo hurumende muWashington. Nhau dzakadai dzinosiya vateereri vekunze vavhiringidzika uye vazere nekutya.
Mubvunzo Nguva
Tora mibvunzo inokanganisa veEuropean mumakore aObama (iyo mamiriyoni 1.6 MaAmerican anogara muEurope vanogara vachiwana kukandwa munzira yedu) Pamusoro pekupedzisira kwenyaya: "Sei munhu pikisa Kuchengetedza hutano hwenyika? ”European nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakave neimwe nzira hutano hwenyika kubva kuma1930 kana 1940, Germany kubvira 1880. Dzimwe shanduro, senge muFrance neGreat Britain, dzakapinda mumasangano maviri eruzhinji neakazvimirira. Asi kunyangwe ivo vane rombo rakanaka vanobhadharira nzira yekumhanyisa havangazeze ivo vavanogara navo mari-yakapihwa mari yakakwana yehutano. Kuti vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vanorova maEuropean se kusheedzera, kana zvisiri pachena hutsinye.
Munyika dzeScandinavia, kwenguva refu yainzi ndeyakanyanya nharaunda munyika, a national (panyama uye nepfungwa) chirongwa chehutano, chakapihwa mari nehurumende, chikamu chakakura - asi chinongova chikamu - chehurongwa hwakawanda hwehupfumi hwevanhu. KuNorway, kwandinogara, vese vagari vane kodzero yakaenzana ku dzidzo (nyika yakawana rubatsiro zvidzidzo zvekare kubva zera rekutanga, uye zvikoro zvepachena kubva pazera rechitanhatu kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekudzidziswa kana yunivhesiti dzidzo uye nezvimwe), mabasa emabasa, kuisa-basa nekubhadhara kudzora mabasa, kubhadharwa kwevabereki, chembere chemapension, uye nezvimwe. Aya mabhenefiti haasati achingova chete "emergency mambure" ekukurumidzira; Kureva, mari dzerubatsiro dzichipihwa vanoshaya. Dziri kwese kwese: dzinowanikwa zvakaenzana kuvagari vese sekodzero dzevanhu dzichikurudzira kudyidzana - kana sekutaura kunoita bumbiro redu reUS, "runyararo rwemumba." Hazvishamise kuti, kwemakore mazhinji, vaongorori vepasirese vakaisa Norway senzvimbo yakanakisa yeku kuchembera, kuti uve mukadzi, uye kurera mwana. Musoro we "akanakisa" kana "unonyanya kufara" nzvimbo yekugara paPasi unouya kuzokwikwidza neyakavakidzana pakati peNorway uye mamwe maNordic magariro echivanhu, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, uye Iceland.
MuNorway, zvese zvakanaka zvinoripirwa kunyanya mutero wakakwira. Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwekufungisisa kweiyo US tax code, yekuNorway yakajeka zvinoshamisa, mutero unowana kubva kune vashandi uye pension zvishoma nezvishoma, kuitira kuti avo vane mari zhinji vanobhadhara yakawanda. Dhipatimendi remitero rinoverenga, rinotumira bhajeti regore, uye vateresi, kunyange vakasununguka kupokana mari yacho, vachibhadhara muripo, vachiziva izvo ivo nevana vavo vanodzorera. Uye nekuda kwekuti hurongwa hwehurumende huchigovanisa hupfumi uye hunowedzera kudzika mari shoma, vazhinji veNorwegi vanofamba zvakanaka muchikepe chimwe chete. (Funga nezvazvo!)
Hupenyu neRusununguko
Sisitimu iyi haina kungoitika. Izvo zvakange zvarongwa. Sweden yakatungamira nzira mu1930s, uye nyika dzese shanu dzeNordic dzakadzika munguva yepashure pehondo kuvandudza misiyano yavo yeiyo yakazodaidzwa kunzi Nordic Model: chiyero che capitalism chakatemerwa, hushamwari hwemagariro mazinga e hukama uye kuenzana kwehupfumi papasi. Iwo maitiro avo. Ivo vakaigadzira. Ivo vanozvida. Pasinei nekuedza kweimwe nguva hurumende yekuchengetedza kuti inyore, ivo vanochengeta. Sei?
Munyika dzese dzeNordic, pane kubvumirana kwakazara munzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika zvekuti chete kana vanhu vachinge vawana zvido zvavo - pavanogona kumira kunetseka nezvemabasa avo, mari dzavanowana, dzimba dzavo, zvifambiso zvavo, hutano hwavo, vana vavo ' dzidzo, uye vabereki vavo vakwegura - ipapo chete ndipo pavanogona kuve nerusununguko rwekuita sezvavanoda. Ipo iyo US ichigadzirira fungidziro yekuti, kubva pakuzvarwa, mwana wese ane pfuti yakaenzana pakurota kweAmerica, Nordic magariro ehupfumi anoisa hwaro hwekuenzana kwechokwadi uye kuzvimiririra.
Aya mazano haasi enhoroondo. Izvo zvinorehwa munhanganyaya yebumbiro redu pachedu. Munoziva, chikamu che "isu Vanhu" tichiumba "Mubatanidzwa wakanyatsonaka" we "kusimudzira Hupenyu Hwose, nekuchengetedza Maropafadzo eRusununguko kwatiri nekuvana vedu." Kunyangwe paakagadzirira nyika kurwa, Mutungamiri Franklin D. Roosevelt akayeuka zvinorangarirwa zvinechekuita izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri muhurumende yake yeUnited States muna 1941. Pakati pe "zvinhu zviri nyore zvisingatombofaniri kukanganikwa," akadaro zvakanyorwa "Kuenzana kwemikana kune vechidiki nevamwe, mabasa evaya vanogona kushanda, chengetedzo yevanoda, kupera kwehunyanzvi hwakakosha kune vashoma, kuchengetedza rusununguko rwevose," uye oh hongu, yakakwira mitero yekubhadhara izvo zvinhu uye mutengo wezvokudzivirira zvombo.
Kuziva kuti vanhu vekuAmerican vaishandisa kutsigira pfungwa dzakadai, munhu wekuNorway nhasi anoshamiswa kuti adzidze kuti CEO wekambani huru yekuAmerica kunoita pakati pe300 uye 400 nguva yakawandisa seyakaenzana mushandi wayo. Kana iwo magavhuna Sam Brownback weKansas naChris Christie veNew Jersey, vamhanyisa zvikwereti zvehurumende yavo nekucheka mitero yevapfumi, izvozvi varonga kuita kufukidza kurasikirwa nemari inobvisirwa kubva pamari yepension yevashandi mubazi revashandi. Kune wokuNorway, basa rehurumende kugovera nyika zvakanaka kwazvo nenzira yakaenzana, kwete kuitumira ichisimudzira kumusoro, senge muAmerica nhasi, kune inonamatira-chikamu chimwe muzana.
Mukuronga kwavo, maNorwegi vanowanzoita zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma, vachigara vachifunga kwenguva yakareba, vachifungidzira kuti hupenyu hwakanaka hungave hwei kuvana vavo, vana vavo. Ndosaka muNorway, kana chero kuchamhembe kweEurope, achishamisika kuziva kuti zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevadzidzi vekoreji vekuAmerican vanopedza dzidzo yavo mutsvuku, vamwe chikwereti $ 100,000 kana zvimwe. Kana kuti iyo kuUS, ichiri nyika yakapfuma kwazvo pasi, imwe muzvitatu vana vanogara muurombo, pamwe imwe mu5 vechidiki pakati pemazera e18 ne34. Kana iyo America yazvino akawanda-mabhirioni emadhora emadhora akarwirwa pakadhi rechikwereti kuti abhadharwe kubva nevana vedu. Izvo zvinotidzosera kushoko iro: hutsinye.
Zvinoreva zvehutsinye, kana zvemhando yehunhu husina kusimba, zvinoita kunge zvakavanda mune mimwe mibvunzo yakawanda vanoona nezvekunze vanobvunza nezve America senge: Ungamisa sei musasa wevasungwa muCuba, uye nei usingakwanise kuuvhara? Kana: Unogona sei kunyepedzera kuva nyika yechiKristu uye uchingoita mutongo werufu? Izvo zvinotevera izvo zvinowanzo kuve: Ungasarudza sei semutungamiriri wenyika murume anodada nekuuraya vamwe vake vagari ku kukurumidza kukurumidza yakanyorwa muTexas nhoroondo? (MaEuropean havazokanganwa George W. Bush nekukurumidza.)
Zvimwe zvinhu zvandaifanirwa kupindura nazvo zvinosanganisira:
* Nei imi maAmerican musingamire kupindira nehutano hwevakadzi?
* Nei usinganzwisisi sainzi?
* Unogona sei kuramba uri mapofu pane chokwadi chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze?
* Ungataure sei nezve kutonga kwemutemo kana vako vanogadzira mutemo wepasi rose kuita hondo pese pavanoda?
* Ungagona sei kumupa simba rekufemera pasi kune mumwechete, munhuwo zvake?
* Unogona sei kurasa maGeneva Convention uye nheyo dzako dzekukurudzira kutambudzwa?
* Sei imi maAmerican muchida pfuti zvakanyanya? Sei muchiurayana zvakadaro?
Kune vakawanda, iyo inonyanya kunetsa uye yakakosha mubvunzo weese ndeyekuti: Nei iwe uchitumira mauto ako pasi rese kuzosimudzira dambudziko nekuwedzera kwatiri isu?
Mubvunzo wekupedzisira uyu uri kunyanya kunetsa nekuti nyika dzagara nehushamwari kuUnited States, kubva kuAustralia kuenda kuFinland, dziri kurwira kuenderera mberi nekuuya kwevapoteri kubva kuhondo dzeAmerica nekupindira. MuWestern Europe uye kuScandinavia, mapato ane mapapiro kurudyi asina kumbotora mukana muhurumende zvino kukurumidza kukurumidza pamhepo yekupikisa kune refu-yakatemwa miganho miganho. Chete mwedzi wadarika, bato rakadaro rinenge kudzvanywa hurumende yemagariro akasununguka yenharaunda yeSweden, nyika ine runyararo iyo yakatora kupfuura yakaenzana migove yevanotsvaga vanotiza vanotiza mafungu e " zvakanakisisa kurwa hondo nyika yakagara yaziva.
Maitiro Atiri
MaEuropean vanonzwisisa, sezvinoita sevaAmerican havadaro, hukama hwepedyo pakati penyika dzenyika nedzenyika. Vanowanzo tarisa maitiro eAmerica asina hanya kunze kwenyika kusvika pakuramba kwayo kuisa imba yayo muhurongwa. Vakatarisa United States ichiburitsa hutete hwayo husina tsarukano, ichitadza kutsiva zvivakwa zvayo zviri kuora, kusapa simba vazhinji vevashandi vakarongeka, kudzikisira zvikoro, kuunza paramende yenyika, uye kugadzira kusaenzana kweupfumi nehukama mukati dzinenge zana. Ivo vanonzwisisa nei vanhu vekuAmerican, vakamboderera kuchengetedzeka kwavo pachedu uye pedyo neisina hutano hwemagariro, vari kuwedzera kunetseka nekutya. Ivo vanonzwisisawo chikonzero nei vazhinji vekuAmerican vatadza kuvimba nehurumende yakavaitira zvishoma kwazvo mumakumi matatu apfuura kana kupfuura, kunze kwaObama zvachose. embattled yekuchengetedza hutano kuedza, iyo inoratidzika kune vazhinji vekuEurope zano risinganzwisisiki.
Chinovhiringidza vazhinji vavo, hazvo, ndechekuti vanhuwo zvavo vekuAmerica muzviverengero zvinotyisa vakanyengetedzwa kuti varege "hurumende huru" asi zvakadaro vatsigire vamiriri vayo vatsva, vakatengwa nekubhadharwa nevapfumi. Sei kutsanangura izvozvo? Muguta guru reNorway, mune chifananidzo cheMutungamiri Roosevelt anofungisisa pachiteshi chengarava, vazhinji vanoona nezveAmerica vanofunga kuti angave aive wekupedzisira mutungamiriri weUS ainzwisisa uye aigona kutsanangurira vagari venyika zvingaitwe nehurumende kwavari vese. Kurwira maAmerican, vachikanganwa zvese izvo, tora chinangwa kune vasingazivikanwe vavengi vari kure - kana kudivi rekumaguta avo.
Zvakaoma kuziva kuti sei tiri zvatiri, uye- nditende - zvakatooma kuitsanangurira vamwe. Kupusa kunogona kunge kwakasimba izwi, rakafara uye kusanzwisisika kupomhodza dambudziko. Vamwe vanhu vanondibvunza vanoti US iri "paranoid," "kumashure," "kumashure kwenguva," "zvisina maturo," "makaro," "kuzvibata," kana kungoti "mbeveve." Zvimwewo, zvine mutsigo, zvinoreva kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vanongo "saziva," "kutsauswa," "kutsauswa," kana "kurara," uye vanogona kupora njere. Asi kwese kwandinoenda, mibvunzo inotevera, ichiratidza kuti United States, kana isiri kupenga chaiko, inofungidzirwa kuti ine njodzi kune iyo nevamwe. Yapfuura nguva yekumuka, America, uye wotarisa-tarisa. Kune imwe nyika kunze kuno, yekare uye ine hushamwari mhiri kwegungwa, uye izere nemazano akanaka, kuyedzwa uye kwechokwadi.
Ann Jones, a TomDispatch dzose, ndiye munyori we Kabul munguva yechando: Hupenyu Pasina Runyararo muAfghanistan, pakati pemamwe mabhuku, uye zvakanyanya nguva pfupi yapfuura Vaive Masoja: Vakakuvadzwa Vanodzoka Sei Kubva kuhondo dzeAmerica - Iyo Isina Nyaya Nyaya, chirongwa cheDispatch Books.
tevera TomDispatch pa Twitter uye tibatane nesu Facebook. Tarisa uone Newest Dispatch Book, Rebecca Solnit's Varume Tsanangura Zvinhu Kwandiri, uye bhuku rekupedzisira raTom Engelhardt, Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, uye Global Security State muNyika-Inotyisa.
Copyright 2015 Ann Jones
