NaMedea Bhenjamini
Dzimwe nguva zvinongotora munhu mumwechete ane pfungwa dzekugadzira kuti azunungure iro rose rezvemitemo nzira. Panyaya yeCosta Rica, munhu iyeye ndiLuis Roberto Zamorra Bolaños, aingova mudzidzi wezvemitemo paakapa mhosva nehurumende yake yekutsigira kwaGeorge Bush kuIraq. Akatora nyaya yacho kuenda kuCosta Rican Supreme Court — akakunda.
Nhasi Gweta rinodzidzira, Zamorra pa33 achiri kutaridzika semudzidzi wepayunivhesiti yemafuta. Uye anoramba achifunga kunze kwebhokisi uye achitsvaga nzira dzekugadzira dzekushandisa matare kuti apfavise chido chake cherunyararo nekodzero dzevanhu.
Panguva yekushanya kwandakaita nguva pfupi yadarika kuCosta Rica, ndakawana mukana wekubvunzurudza Gweta iri maverick nezvekukunda kwake kwakare, uye nezano rake rakapusa rekutsvaga mubairo kuIraq.
Ngatitangei kuyeuka nguva yakakosha muCosta Rica's pacifist nhoroondo.
Icho chaive 1948, apo Mutungamiriri weCosta Rican, Jose Figueras, akazivisa kuti mauto eruzhinji achabviswa, danho rakazobvumidzwa gore rakatevera neConstituent Assembly. Figuera akambotora senihammer ndokurova rimwe remadziro emuzinda wemauto, achizivisa kuti ichashandurwa kuve museum yenyika uye kuti bhajeti remauto richadzoserwa kune hutano nekudzidza. Kubva ipapo, Costa Rica yakave inozivikanwa nekusapindirana kwavo mune runyararo uye isina pfuti.
Saka mhanyisa kumberi uye apa uri muchikoro chemutemo, muna 2003, uye hurumende yako yakabatana naGeorge Bush's "Mubatanidzwa weVachida" - boka renyika makumi mana nenomwe rakapa chitambi chavo chekubvuma kupinda kweIraq. PaDaily Show, Jon Stewart akaseka kuti Costa Rica yakapa "mabhomba ekuputa mabhomba." Muchokwadi, Costa Rica haina kupa chero chinhu; yakangowedzera zita rayo. Asi izvo zvaive zvakakwana kuti iwe utsamwe zvekuti wafunga kuendesa hurumende yako kumatare?
Ehe. Bush akaudza nyika kuti iyi ichave hondo yerunyararo, democracy uye kodzero dzevanhu. Asi aisakwanisa kuwana unisheni yeUN, saka aifanirwa kugadzira mubatanidzwa kuti itoite sekunge kupinda kwacho kuve nerutsigiro rwenyika. Ndokusaka akasundira nyika zhinji kuti dzibatane. Costa Rica — chaizvo nekuti yakadzima mauto uye yaive nerunyararo- yaive nyika yakakosha kuva nayo parutivi kuratidza masimba ehutsika. Costa Rica inoteererwa painotaura kuUN. Saka mupfungwa iyi, Costa Rica aive mumwe anokosha wekubatana naye.
Mutungamiri Pacheco pavakazivisa kuti Costa Rica yapinda mumubatanidzwa uyu, vazhinji veCosta Ricans vakapokana. Ndakanga ndanyatsoshatirwa nezve kubatanidzwa kwedu, asi ndakashatiriswawo kuti shamwari dzangu dzaisafunga kuti tinogona kuita nezvazvo. Pandakamhan'arira mutungamiri wenyika, vakafunga kuti ndaipenga.
Asi ndakaenderera kumberi, uye mushure mekunge ndanyora nyaya, Costa Rica Bar Association yakaisa sutu; Mumiriri akasheedzera sutu, uye dzose dzakasanganiswa neyangu.
Pakatonga mutongo wedu munaGunyana 2004, gore nehafu mushure mekunge ndarega, kwakave nerunyararo pakati peveruzhinji. Mutungamiri Pacheco akaora mwoyo nekuti mukomana akanaka chaizvo anoda tsika yedu uye angave akafunga kuti, "Nei ndakaita izvi?" Akambofunga kusiya basa, asi haana kudaro nekuti vanhu vazhinji vakamubvunza kuti asadaro.
Dare rakatonga pamusoro peiko mutemo wako?
Chimwe chezvinhu chakakosha pamusoro pemutongo uyu ndechekuti yakaziva hunhu hweUN Charter. Dare rakatonga kuti sezvo Costa Rica inhengo yeUnited Nations, isu tiri pasi pechisungo chekutevera zvaiitika uye sezvo UN isina kumbobvira yabvumidza kupinda kwayo, Costa Rica haina kodzero yekuritsigira. Ini handikwanise kufunga imwe mhosva iyo Dare Repamusoro rakaburitsa mutongo wehurumende nekuti inotyora chibvumirano cheUN.
Mutongo uyu wakakoshawo nekuti dare rakati kutsigira kupokana uku kunopesana nehukuru hwe "Costa Rican chitupa," rugare. Izvi zvinotiita nyika yekutanga pasi rose kuziva kodzero yerunyararo, chimwe chinhu chakaitwa zvakanyatsojeka mune imwe nyaya iyo ini ndakakunda mu2008.
Iwe unogona kutiudza nezve nyaya iyoyo?
Muna 2008 ndakapokana nemutongo wakapihwa nemutungamiriri wenyika, Oscar Arias uyo waibvumidza kubviswa kwe thorium neuranium, kugadzira mafuta enyukireya uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi enyukireya "pazvinangwa zvese." Muchiitiko ichocho ini zvakare ndakataura kutyorwa kwekodzero yerunyararo. Dare rakabvisa chirevo chemutungamiriri wenyika, zvichinyatso kuona kuvepo kwekodzero yerunyararo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Hurumende haifanire kungosimudzira runyararo, asi inofanira kurega kupa mvumo zviitiko zvine chekuita nehondo, sekugadzira, kutengesa kana kuendesa kunze kwezvinhu zvinotarisirwa kushandiswa muhondo.
Saka izvi zvaireva kuti makambani akaita seRaytheon, ayo akange atenga ivhu pano uye aironga kumisikidza shopu, ikozvino haisiri kushanda.
Ndeapi mamwe emamwe ematare amakatumira?
O, akawanda acho. Ini ndakamhan'arira Mutungamiri Oscar Arias (mubayiro weNobel Peace mubayiro) wekupa mvumo nemapurisa ekushandisa zvombo zvehondo kurwisa vanoratidzira. Mhosva iyi yakaendawo nzira yese kuDare Repamusoro uye ikokunda.
Ndakamhan'arira hurumende nekusaina Chibvumirano cheCentral America Mahara Ekutengeserana, CAFTA, inosanganisira zvombo zvinorambidzwa muCosta Rica. Ndakamhan'arira hurumende kaviri nekutendera mauto eU.S., nekunyepedzera kwehondo yezvinodhaka, kuti vatambe mitambo yehondo panyika yedu yekutonga sekunge vaive mutambo wechess. Hurumende yedu inopa mvumo yemwedzi mitanhatu yemakungwa emauto anosvika makumi mana makumi mana nenhanhatu anomira pazviteshi zvedu, aine mauto anopfuura zviuru gumi nembiri uye akashongedzerwa ne6 Blackhawk helikopta, varwi gumi veHarrier II, pfuti dzemuchina uye maroketi. Zvese zviri pane zvakabvumidzwa runyorwa rwezvikepe, ndege, maherikoputa nemauto zvakagadzirirwa uye zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa muhondo-kutyorwa kuri pachena kwekodzero yedu yerunyararo. Asi dare harina kunzwa nyaya iyi.
Dambudziko rakakura kwandiri nderekuti iye zvino Dare Repamusoro harisi kutora zvimwe zvemhosva dzangu. Ndasvitsa 10 mhosva neDare Repamusoro rakaramba; Ini ndakamhan'ara nyaya yekupokana neCosta Rican mapurisa ekuchikoro chechisimba cheUS America cheAmerica. Mhosva iyi yanga ichimirira makore anopfuura 2. Kana Dare rikaona zvakaoma kuramba mhosva yangu imwe, vanononoka uye vanonoka. Saka ndinofanirwa kukwidza mhosva kumatare kuti vanonoke, vobva varamba mhosva mbiri idzi.
Ndinoona kuti handichagona kushandisa zita rangu kunyora faira zvakare, kana kunyora maitiro angu nekuti ivo vanoziva kunyora kwangu.
Pamusangano wepasi rose muBrussels muna Kubvumbi uchimaka 11th yegore yekurwiswa kweUS Iraq muIraq, iwe wakauya neimwe pfungwa yakajeka. Iwe unogona kutiudza nezvazvo?
Ndakanga ndiri mutaundi mune mumwe musangano wevamiriri vedzimwe nyika, asi varongi vekuIraq Commission vakaziva uye vakandikumbira kuti nditaure. Pakave nemusangano wakashungurudza vanhu mushure mezvo uye vanhu vaigunun'una nenyaya yekuti US haitevedze mutemo wenyika, kuti haina bato kuInternational Criminal Court, kuti haisi kuzonzwa nyaya dzine chekuita nekutsiva kweIraq.
Ndikati, "Kana ndichigona, Kubatana kweChido kwakapinda muIraq kwaingova kweUnited States chete." Paive nenyika dze48. "Kana US isiri kuzofambisa Iraqis, sei tisimhan'ara dzimwe nhengo dzemubatanidzwa?"
Kana iwe wakakwanisa kuhwina Mhosva pachinzvimbo chemunhu akabatwa muIraq mumatare eCosta Rican, ndeipi nhanho yemubhadharo iwe unofunga kuti iwe unogona kukunda? Uye zvino hapazovapo here imwe nyaya uye imwe nyaya?
Ini ndaigona kufungidzira kuhwina pamwe mazana mashoma emazana emadhora. Zvichida kana tikakwanisa kuhwina kesi imwe muCosta Rica, tinogona kutanga magweta mune dzimwe nyika. Chokwadi handidi kubhuroka Costa Rica nenyaya nechero nyaya. Asi isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kuti totsvaga sei kururamisira Iraqis, uye nekudzivirira kwemhando iyi yemubatanidzwa kuumbazve. Izvo zvakakodzera kuedza.
Iwe unofunga kuti pane here chinhu chatingave tichiita mudare kupokana nekuuraya kuuraya vanhu?
Zvirokwazvo. Ini ndinofunga kuti vanhu vari kutsinzinza bhatani rekuuraya vanofanirwa kuve nemhosva yega nemhosva dzekuparwa kwemhosva nekuti dhimoni ndiko kuwedzerwa kwemuviri wavo, vanoshandiswa kuita zviito zvavanenge vasingakwanise kuzviita ivo pachedu.
Panezve chokwadi chekuti kana munhu asina mhosva akauraiwa kana kukuvadzwa nedhiza reUS kuAfghanistan, mhuri iyi inofanirwa kuwana muripo kubva muchiuto cheUS. Asi mhuri imwe chete iyoyo muPakistan yaisabhadharwa nekuti kuuraya kunoitwa neCIA. Ungaona kumwe kunetsa kwepamutemo ipapo?
Vakaurayiwa chiitiko ichocho zvisiri pamutemo vanofanira kuwana kurapwa kumwe chete. Ndingafunga kuti pangave nenzira yekubata hurumende mhosva, asi handizive zvakakwana nezvemutemo weUS.
Wakambozvidzora wega nezvekutora nyaya dzakakomba kudai?
Ndine shamwari mukambani yemafoni yakandiudza kuti ndiri kuburwa. Asi ini handina basa chaizvo. Chii chavangaite kana ndikataura parunhare nezvekufutisa sutu?
Hongu, iwe unofanirwa kutora njodzi, asi haugone kutya nemhedzisiro yacho. Chinhu chakaipisisa chinogona kuitika ndechekuti iwe unopfurwa. (Anoseka.)
Sei vasingawedzere mutemo kumatare epasi rese kupokana nehurumende dzavo nenzira dzekugadzira dzaunoita?
Kushaikwa kwekufungidzira pamwe? Handizive.
Ndiri kushamisika kuti magweta mazhinji akanaka kazhinji haaone zviri pachena. Ndinokurudzira vadzidzi kuti vagadzirire, kushandisa nyika dzese mutemo mudzimba. Zvinonzwisisika nekuti hapana zvandakaita zvave zvinoshamisa. Aya haisiri mazano makuru chaizvo. Ivo vakangosiyana, uye panzvimbo pekungotaura nezvavo, ndinovafambisa.
Ini ndinokurudzirawo vadzidzi kuti vadzidze basa repiri kuti vatange kufunga zvakasiyana. Ndakadzidza engineering yemakomputa senge yangu yechipiri huru; chakandidzidzisa kuve nekurairwa uye kurongeka mumafungiro angu.
Ndingadai ndakafungidzira kuti kana iwe uine yechipiri chikuru, chaizove chimwe chinhu sesainzi yezvematongerwo enyika kana zvemagariro.
Kwete. Seye komputa programmer iwe unofanirwa kunyatso tarisa- kurongeka, kurongedzwa uye kudzika. Izvo zvinobatsira kwazvo munyika yepamutemo. Pamutemo vadzidzi vechikoro vaizovenga kupokana neni. Ivo vaizoedza kuburitsa hurukuro kubva munzira, kuti vapinde munhaurwa yepadivi, uye ini ndaizogara ndichivadzosa kurudyi dingindira. Izvo zvinobva mukudzidziswa kwangu sainjiniya wemakomputa.
Ini ndinofunga mumwe mhedzisiro yebasa rako rerunyararo ndeyekuti iwe hauite mari yakawanda.
Nditarise ini [anoseka]. Ini ndiri 33 makore uye ndinogara nevabereki vangu. Ndiwo hupfumi hwangu wandiri mushure memakore e9 ekudzidzira. Ini ndinorarama zvakapusa. Izvo chete zvinhu zvandinazvo imota uye imbwa nhatu.
Ini ndoda kushanda ndega – hapana yakasimba, hapana vadyidzani, hapana tambo. Ini ndiri gweta rekutongwa uye ndinoita mari nevamwe vatengi, kusanganisira vevashandi. Ndinoita madhora zviuru makumi matatu pagore. Ini ndinoishandisa kurarama, kuyedza kesi pro bono kuInt-American Commission uye kubhadhara nzendo dzekunze, sekuenda kumaforamu erunyararo, maforamu epasi rose, misangano yezvombo kana rwendo rwandakaita kuGaza. Dzimwe nguva ndinowana rubatsiro kubva kuInternational Association of Democratic Lawyers.
Ini ndinoda basa rangu nekuti ndinoita zvandinoda kuita; Ini ndinotora nyaya dzandirikuda nezvadzo. Ndiri kurwira nyika yangu uye nerusununguko rwangu. Ini handifungi nezveiri basa sechibayiro asi sebasa. Kana tichida kuti runyararo ive kodzero yakakosha, saka tinofanirwa kuisimbisa-nekuidzivirira.
Medea Bhenjamini ndiye cofounder weboka rerunyararo www.codepink.org neboka rekodzero dzevanhu www.globalexchange.org. Aive muCosta Rica aine pamudyandigere Colonel Ann Wright pakukokwa kweShamwari Runyararo Center kuti ataure nezve bhuku rake Drone Hondo: Kuuraya neRote Control.
