NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, November 8, 2021
COP Makumi maviri nematanhatu! Ndiko kangani UN yakaunganidza vatungamiriri venyika kuti vaedze kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Asi United States iri kugadzira mamwe mafuta uye gasi redenga kupfuura kare; huwandu hwemagreenhouse gases (GHG) mumhepo uye tembiricha yepasi rose zvese achiri kusimuka; uye tave kutoona mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uko masayendisiti akatinyevera nezvazvo Makore makumi mana, uye izvo zvichatowedzera kuipa uye kuipa pasina chiito chakakomba chemamiriro ekunze.
Uye zvakadaro, nyika kusvika parizvino yangodziya 1.2°Celsius (2.2°F) kubvira nguva dzisati dzave nemaindasitiri. Isu tatova nehunyanzvi hwatinoda kushandura masisitimu edu emagetsi kuti achenese, anogona kushandiswazve, uye kuita izvi kunoumba mamirioni emabasa akanaka kuvanhu pasi rese. Saka, mukuita, matanho atinofanira kutora akajeka, anogoneka uye nekukasira.
Chipingamupinyi chikuru kune chiito chatinosangana nacho ndechekusashanda kwedu, neoliberal hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi uye hutongi hwayo kuburikidza nezvido zveplutocratic uye zvemakambani, avo vakatsunga kuramba vachiwana purofiti kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa kunyangwe nemubhadharo wekuparadza mamiriro ekunze ePasi akasarudzika. Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rakafumura kusagona kwemaitiro ehurongwa uhwu kuita zvinonyatsodiwa nevanhu, kunyangwe ramangwana redu rakarembera.
Saka mhinduro ndeipi? Ko COP26 muGlasgow ingave yakasiyana here? Chii chingaite mutsauko pakati pehunyengeri hwezvematongerwo enyika PR uye kuita kwakasimba? Kuverenga zvakafanana vezvematongerwo enyika uye zvicherwa zvemafuta (hongu, zviripo, zvakare) kuita chimwe chinhu chakasiyana panguva ino zvinoita sekuzviuraya, asi ndeipi imwe nzira?
Sezvo hutungamiriri hwaObama hwePied Piper muCopenhagen neParis hwakagadzira hurongwa hwekuti nyika imwe neimwe iite zvinangwa zvadzo vofunga kuti voita sei nazvo, nyika zhinji hadzina kufambira mberi pazvinangwa zvavakaisa muParis muna 2015.
Iye zvino vauya kuGlasgow nevimbiso dzakafanotemerwa uye dzisina kukwana izvo, kunyange zvikazadzika, zvaizongotungamirira kunyika inopisa zvikuru ne2100. kutevera Nhepfenyuro dzeUN nemasangano akazvimirira ega pamberi peCOP26 dzanga dzichirira nezvakataurwa neMunyori Mukuru weUN, Antonio Guterres, "kumuka kwekutinhira" uye "kodhi tsvuku kuvanhu.” Mukutaura kwaGuterres kuCOP26 muna Mbudzi 1, vakati "tiri kuzvicherera makuva" nekutadza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Zvakadaro hurumende dzichiri kutarisa pazvinangwa zvenguva refu sekusvika "Net Zero" na2050, 2060 kana 2070, kusvika pari zvino mune ramangwana zvekuti vanogona kuramba vachimisa matanho anodiwa kudzikamisa kudziya kusvika 1.5 ° Celsius. Kunyange kana neimwe nzira vakarega kupomba magasi egreenhouse mumhepo, huwandu hwemaGHG mumhepo panosvika 2050 hucharamba huchipisa pasi kwezvizvarwa. Kuwedzera kwatinoita kutakura mhepo neGHGs, iyo nguva yakareba mhedzisiro yavo ichagara uye kupisa kweNyika kunoramba kuchikura.
United States yakagadza a kwenguva pfupi chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwayo nezvikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana kubva padanho repamusoro-soro remuna 50 panosvika gore ra2005. Asi mitemo yaro yazvino inozongounza kudzikiswa ne2030% -17% panguva iyoyo.
Iyo Yakachena Energy Performance Chirongwa (CEPP), iyo yaiva chikamu cheBuild Back Better Act, inogona kuita yakawanda iyo gaka kuburikidza nekubhadhara zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kuwedzera kuvimba kune renewables ne 4% gore negore uye chirango chekushandisa chisingaiti. Asi manheru eCOP 26, Biden yakadonhedza CEPP kubva pabhiri iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuSenators Manchin neSinema nemafuta avo echipfuro-vatenzi.
Zvichakadaro, mauto eUS, mukuru wesangano emitter yeGHGs paPasi, akasunungurwa kubva kune chero zvipingaidzo pasi peChibvumirano cheParis. Vanorwira runyararo muGlasgow vari kuda kuti COP26 igadzirise hombe iyi gomba dema mumutemo wemamiriro ekunze epasi rose nekubatanidza kuburitswa kwemhepo yeUS muchina wehondo, uye iwo emamwe mauto, mukushuma nekudzikiswa kwenyika.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sendi rega rega rakashandiswa nehurumende pasi rese kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze rinosvika pachikamu chidiki chezvakashandiswa neUnited States chete muhondo yayo yekuparadza nyika panguva imwe cheteyo.
China ikozvino inoburitsa zviri pamutemo CO2 yakawanda kupfuura United States. Asi chikamu chikuru chekubuda kweChina chinofambiswa nekushandiswa kwese kwepasirese kwezvigadzirwa zveChinese, uye mutengi wayo mukuru ndiye nyika dzakabatana. An MIT kudzidza muna 2014 inofungidzira kuti kunze kwenyika kunoda 22% yeChina yekuburitsa kabhoni. Pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemunhu wega wega, vanhu vekuAmerica vachiri kuzvidavirira katatu the GHG emissions yevavakidzani vedu vekuChina uye kaviri kuburitswa kwevaEurope.
Nyika dzakapfuma dzakaitawo kutadza pakuzvipira kwavakaita kuCopenhagen muna 2009 kubatsira nyika dzine urombo kuti dzigadzirise kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nekupa rubatsiro rwemari rwaizokura kusvika pamabhiriyoni zana emadhora pagore panosvika 100. Vakapa mari yakawedzera, inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe emadhora muna 2020, asi kutadza kuunza zvizere. mari yakanga yavimbiswa yaita kuti nyika dzakapfuma nedzine urombo dzirege kuvimbana. Komiti inotungamirwa neCanada neGermany kuCOP79 inopomerwa kugadzirisa kushomeka uye kudzoreredza kuvimba.
Apo vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika venyika vari kukundikana zvikuru kwazvo zvokuti vari kuparadza nyika yomusikirwo nemamiriro okunze anogarika ayo anotsigira budiriro yavanhu, zvinofanira kukurumidza kuti vanhu kwose kwose vawane kushingaira kukuru, kutaura uye kugadzira.
Mhinduro yakafanira yeruzhinji kuhurumende dzakagadzirira kutambisa hupenyu hwemamirioni avanhu, kungave nehondo kana nekuzviuraya kwevanhu vazhinji, kumukira uye kumukira - uye nzira dzisiri dzechisimba dzechimurenga dzakaratidza kuti dzinoshanda uye dzinobatsira kupfuura dzechisimba.
Vanhu vari achisimuka vachipesana nehurongwa uhu huwori hwezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi hwenyika pasi rese, sezvo hukasha hwahwo hunokanganisa hupenyu hwavo nenzira dzakasiyana. Asi dambudziko remamiriro ekunze injodzi yepasirese kune vanhu vese inoda mhinduro yepasirese, yepasirese.
Rimwe boka rinokurudzira revanhu mumigwagwa muGlasgow panguva yeCOP 26 iri Kuparadza Kupandukira, iyo inozivisa kuti, “Tinopomera vatungamiri venyika kukundikana, uye nechiono chokushinga chetariro, tinoda zvisingabviri…
Extinction Rebellion nemamwe mapoka emamiriro ekunze kuCOP26 ari kudaidzira Net Zero ne2025, kwete 2050, senzira chete yekuzadzisa chinangwa che1.5 ° chakabvumiranwa muParis.
Greenpeace iri kudaidzira kumisa kwepasi rose kumisa mapurojekiti matsva emafuta ezvicherwa uye kukurumidza kubuda kwezvivakwa zvemagetsi ekupisa marasha. Kunyangwe hurumende itsva yemubatanidzwa muGermany, iyo inosanganisira Bato reGreen uye ine zvibodzwa zvakawanda kupfuura dzimwe nyika huru dzakapfuma, yakangokwidza nguva yekupedzisira yekudzima marasha kweGermany kubva muna 2038 kusvika 2030.
Iyo Indigenous Environmental Network ndiyo kuunza vanhu vemunyika kubva kuGlobal South kuenda kuGlasgow kuti vataure nyaya dzavo pamusangano uyu. Vari kudaidzira nyika dzekuchamhembe dzakabudirira kuti dzizivise dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedza mafuta ezvicherwa pasi uye kupedza rubatsiro rwemafuta ezvicherwa pasi rose.
Friends of the Earth (FOE) yakaburitsa a mushumo mutsva titled Nature-Based Solutions: Mhumhi Muhembe dzeGwai sekutarisa kwebasa rayo paCOP26. Inofumura maitiro matsva ekugezesa girini kwemakambani kunosanganisira minda yemiti yakasimudzwa mumaindasitiri munyika dzine urombo, iyo makambani anoronga kutaura se "zvidzoreso" zvekuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta.
Hurumende yeUK iri kuita musangano muGlasgow yatsigira zvirongwa izvi sechikamu chechirongwa cheCOP26. FOE iri kuratidza mhedzisiro yekutorwa kwevhu uku kunharaunda neveko uye vanodzidaidza kuti "hunyengeri hune njodzi uye kutsauswa kubva mumhinduro chaidzo kudambudziko remamiriro ekunze." Kana izvi zviri izvo zvinorehwa nehurumende ne “Net Zero,” ingangove imwe nhanho imwe chete mukuita mari yePasi nezviwanikwa zvayo zvese, kwete mhinduro chaiyo.
Nekuti zvakawoma kune vanorwira nyika kubva pasirese kuti vasvike kuGlasgow yeCOP26 panguva yedenda, mapoka evaratidziri ari kurongana kutenderera pasirese kumanikidza hurumende dziri munyika dzavo. Mazana evaratidziri vemamiriro ekunze uye vanhu veko vane akasungwa mukuratidzira paWhite House muWashington, uye vechidiki vashanu veSunrise Movement vakatanga a nzara chikwata ipapo musi wa19 Gumiguru.
Mapoka emamiriro ekunze eUS anotsigirawo bhiri re "Green New Deal", H.Res. 332, iyo Mumiririri Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez akaunza muCongress, iyo inodaidzira kuti mitemo ichengetedze kudziya kwepasi pasi pe1.5 ° Celsius, uye parizvino ine 103 cosponsors. Bhiri iri rinoisa zvinangwa zve2030, asi rinongoda Net Zero panosvika 2050.
Mapoka ezvakatipoteredza nemamiriro ekunze ari kuungana paGlasgow anobvuma kuti tinoda chirongwa chechokwadi chepasi rose chekushandurwa kwesimba ikozvino, sechinhu chinoshanda, kwete sechinangwa chekushuvira kusingaperi kusingashande, kune huwori husina tariro maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika.
PaCOP25 muMadrid muna 2019, Extinction Rebellion yakarasa murwi wemupfudze webhiza kunze kwehoro yemusangano neshoko rekuti, "Bhiza rinomira pano." Chokwadi izvozvo hazvina kuzvimisa, asi zvakasimbisa pfungwa yokuti kutaura kusina zvakunobatsira kunofanira kukurumidza kuvharwa nechiito chaicho. Greta Thunberg akarova mbambo mumusoro, achipopotera vatungamiriri venyika nekuvhara kutadza kwavo ne "blah, blah, blah," pane kutora matanho chaiwo.
Kufanana neChikoro cheGreta's Strike for the Climate, kufamba kwemamiriro ekunze mumigwagwa yeGlasgow inoziviswa nekuziva kuti sainzi yakajeka uye mhinduro dzedambudziko remamiriro ekunze dziri kuwanikwa zviri nyore. Kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika chete ndiko kushaikwa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kupihwa nevanhuwo zvavo, vanobva kumativi ese ehupenyu, kuburikidza nekugadzira, chiitiko chinoshamisa uye nekuunganidza vanhu vazhinji, kuda shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi yatinoda zvakanyanya.
Munyori Mukuru weUN, Guterres, anowanzo hunyoro, akajekesa kuti "kupisa kwemumugwagwa" kuchave kiyi mukuponesa vanhu. "Hondo yemamiriro ekunze - inotungamirwa nevechidiki - haigone kumira," akaudza vatungamiriri venyika muGlasgow. “Idzo dzakakura. Dzinodanidzira. Uye, ndinokuvimbisa, ivo havasi kuenda.
Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
