(Ichi chikamu 27 che World Beyond War chena bepa A Global Security System: An Alternative to War. Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)
Nyika yakazara mune zvombo, zvose kubva kuzvombo zvekuzvimirira kusvika kumatangi ehondo uye zvombo zvine simba. Mafashamu ehondo anobatsira zvose pakuwedzera kwechisimba muhondo uye kune ngozi dzehupombwe nehugandanga. Inobatsira hurumende dzakaita kodzero dzekodzero dzekodzero dzevanhu, dzinoita kusagadzikana kwenyika dzose, uye dzinopfuurira chivimbo chokuti rugare runogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nepfuti.
Outlaw the Arms Trade
Vachigadziri vezvombo vane zvikwereti zvehurumende zvinobhadhara uye vanotsigirwa navo uye vanotengesa pamusika. IU.America nevamwe vakatengesa mabhiriyoni mumauto muMiddle East ine chisimba uye ine chisimba. Dzimwe nguva maoko anotengeswa kumativi ose muhondo, sezvakaitika kuIraq neIran nehondo yakaurayana pakati pe600,000 ne1,250,000 inotarirwa nenyanzvi dzevadzidzi.note29 Dzimwe nguva dzinoguma dzichishandiswa kurwisana nemutengesi kana vashandi varo, sekune zvombo zveAmerica zvakapiwa Mujahedeen iyo yakazoguma mumaoko emaAl Qaeda, uye maoko ayo US akatengeswa kana kupa kuIraq yakazoguma mu maoko eSISIS munguva yadzo yeHNUMX kupinda muIraq.
Iko kushambadzira kwenyika dzakawanda mune zvombo zvinouraya zvakakura, kupfuura $ 70 mabhiriyoni pagore. Vakuru vatori vezvombo kunyika yose masimba akarwa muHondo Yenyika II; muchirongwa: US, Russia, Germany, France, uye United Kingdom.
IU yakagamuchira Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) musi waApril 2, 2013. Hazvibvumi kutengeserana kwemaoko enyika. Chibvumirano ichi "chigadzirwa chekugadzira zvinowanikwa pasi rose zvekutengeserana, kutengesa uye kutumirwa kwezvombo zvekare." Zvakanga zvarongwa kuti zvizoshanda muna December 2014. Muchikamu chikuru, inoti vatengi vanozvichengeta ivo pachavo kuti vasatengesa zvombo kune "magandanga kana nyika dzinotyisa." IU.S. yakaita chokwadi kuti yakanga ine veto pamusoro pezvinyorwa ichi ichikumbira kuti kubvumirana kutonge mazano. VaUnited States vakakumbira kuti chibvumirano chibve pamatambudziko makuru kuitira kuti vimbiso irege "kupindira zvisina kukodzera nekwanisi yedu yekuisa, kubudisa kunze, kana kutamisa zvombo kuti titsigire kuchengeteka kwedu kwenyika uye kune dzimwe nyika mitemo" [uye] "kutengeserana kwemaoko emarudzi ose "" Uyezve, "Hapana chikonzero chekuzivisa kana kuisa nekucherechedza zvombo kana mabhomba [uye] hapazovi nehurumende yepasi rose muviri kuti usimbise ATT. "
An Alternative Security System inoda hutachiona hwehutachiona kuitira kuti marudzi ose anzwe akachengeteka kubva kune utsinye. Sangano reUnited Nations rinorondedzera kusagadzikana kwevanhu vakawanda uye kwakakwana "... sekubviswa kweWMD yose, pamwe ne" kucheneswa kwemauto nemauto anowanzogadziriswa, zvichienderana nemutemo wekusachengetedzwa kusina kusununguka kwemasangano ane chinangwa chokusimudzira kana kusimbisa kusimba pane mauto ehondo, achifunga kudiwa kweMatunhu ose kuchengetedza kuchengeteka kwavo "(UN General Assembly, Gwaro Rokupedzisira reShoko Rokutanga Rinoenderana Nezvokudzivirira, Paramende 22.) Tsanangudzo yekusaparadzaniswa inoita seine mashumo makuru akakwana kuendesa tangi kuburikidza. Chibvumirano chakaipisisa chinopesana nekunonoka kwemazinga kunodiwa, uyewo nekugadzirisa mashandiro.
Chibvumirano chinoratidzika hachiiti zvekare kunze kwekuti veMatongerwo enyika vabatane sangano rinotarisira zvigadzirwa zvekutengeserana uye kutengeswa uye kutarisa kana vachifunga kuti zvombo zvichange zvisingashandiswi pamabasa akadai sehutongerwo hwemhirizhonga kana kuburitsa uye kurondedzera gore negore pamabasa avo. Izvo hazvioneki kuita basa sezvo ichisiya kutonga kwebasa kune avo vanoda kutumira uye kutumira. Kuvharwa kwakanyanya uye kushanda nesimba kunotengeswa kwemaoko kunokosha. Kutengeserana kwemaoko kunoda kuwedzerwa kune International Criminal Court urongwa hwe "mhosva dzinopesana nevanhu" uye kusungirirwa munyaya yevakiki vezvombo nevatengesi uye neHarare Council muhurumende yayo yekurwisana ne "hukama hwekuchengetedza nyika nehupfumi" mhaka yekutonga nyika sevatengesi vekutengesa.note30
Outlaw Weapons Munzvimbo Dzepasi
Nyika dzinoverengeka dzakagadzirira zvirongwa uye kunyange hardware yehondo mukati mechivanze kusanganisira nzvimbo kune nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yekuisa zvombo kurwisa satellites, uye nzvimbo yekuisa zvombo zvisikwa (kusanganisira laser zvombo) kurwisa pasi zvigadzirwa kubva munzvimbo. Ngozi dzekuisa zvombo munzvimbo yakasununguka zviri pachena, kunyanya panyaya yezvombo zvenyukireya kana zvigadzirwa zvemichina yepamusoro. Nyika dze130 iye zvino dzine mapurogiramu epakati uye kune 3000 inoshandisa satellites munzvimbo. Ngozi idzi dzinosanganisira kuderedza zvigadziro zvezvombo zvekare uye kutanga mauto matsva. Kudai hondo yakadaro-yakadaro yaizoitika migumisiro yaizovhundutsa vagari venyika pamwe nekuisa pangozi njodzi dze Kessler Syndrome, mamiriro ezvinhu umo kuwanda kwezvinhu zviri pasi pasi pasi zvakakwirira zvakakwana zvokuti kukurudzira vamwe kwaizotanga kukonzera kukanganisa kunokonzera zvakakwana nzvimbo yakasvibiswa kuti ipe nzvimbo yekuongorora kana kunyange kushandiswa kwema satelliti kusingakwanisi makumi emakore, zvichida zvizvarwa.
Tichitenda kuti yaive yakatungamira murudzi urwu rwezvombo R&D, "Munyori Wemubatsiri weUnited States Air Force for Space, Keith R. Hall, akati, 'Nezve kutonga munzvimbo, tinayo, tinoifarira uye tiri kuenda kuti urichengete. '”
The 1967 Kunze kweNzvimbo Yechechi rakasimbiswa zvakare muZ1999 nemarudzi e138 aiva neUnited States neIsrael chete. Inorambidza maWMs munzvimbo uye kuvakwa kwezvidzidzo zvehondo pamwedzi asi asiya chigadziko chemagetsi, eser uye masimba ane simba. Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Dzekudzivirira rakarwira kwemakore kuti ribvumirane pamusoro pesungano yekudzivisa zvombo izvi asi yakaramba ichidziviswa neUnited States. Sangano risina kusimba, risina kusunga, rekuzvidira rave rakarongerwa asi "US inomiririra pane urongwa hwechipiri cheMitemo yeKufambisa iyo, apo paine chivimbiso chokuzvidira" kurega chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinounza, zvakananga kana zvakashata, kukuvadza, kana kuparadzwa, kwezvinhu zvisikwa, 'inokodzera kuti murairo wacho nemutauro "kunze kwekuti chiito ichocho chikarurama". "Kururamiswa" kwakabva kune kodzero yekuzvidzivirira iyo yakavakirwa muCharter Charter. Kukodzera kwakadaro kunopa kunyange chibvumirano chokuzvidira chisina maturo. Chimwe chibvumirano chakasimba chinorambidza zvombo zvose mukunze chikamu chinodikanwa cheA Alternative Security System.note31
(Ramba uchienda inotangira | zvinotevera chikamu.)
Tinoda kunzwa kubva kwamuri! (Ndapota shandisai mashoko anotevera)
Izvi zvakatungamirira sei iwe kufunga zvakasiyana nezvezvimwe nzira dzokurwa nadzo?
Chii chaungawedzera, kana kuchinja, kana mubvunzo pamusoro peizvi?
Chii chaungaita kuti ubatsire vamwe vanhu kunzwisisa pamusoro pezvimwe nzira dzehondo?
Ungatora sei chiito kuti uite izvi zvakasiyana nehondo kuitika?
Ndapota shandisai mashoko aya zvakanyanya!
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ona tafura yakazara yezviri mukati A Global Security System: An Alternative to War
Notes:
29. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana uye deta uone webhusaiti yeOriver for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, yakagamuchira 2013 Nobel Peace Prize nekuda kwekuedza kwayo kukuru kwekubvisa zvombo zvemakemikari. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
30. Inofanirwa kubva kune 600,000 (Battle Deaths Dataset) ku1,250,000 (Correlates of War Project). Inofanira kuonekwa, kuti kuyerwa kwekufa kwehondo ndeyekukakavadzana musoro. Zvinonyanya kukosha, hondo dzisina kufanira-kufa hazvirevi zvakarurama. Kuurayiwa kwakananga kunogona kuteverwa kune zvinotevera: kuparadzwa kwezvivakoti; landmines; kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kweuranium; vapoteri uye vanhu vari kunze kwenyika; kusadya kwakakwana; zvirwere; kusateerera mutemo; kuurayiwa kwenyika; vanobatwa chibharo uye mamwe maitiro echisimba chepabonde; kusaruramisira kwevanhu. Verenga zvakanyanya pa: Zvinotarisirwa nevanhu zvehondo - tsanangudzo uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukuvara (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
31. Chinyorwa 7 cheRome Statute ye International International Criminal Court inotaura nezvemhosva dzinopesana nevanhu. (dzokera kumusoro mukuru)
