NaDavid Swanson
Columbus akanga asiri munhu akaipa zvikuru. Akanga ari mhondi, gororo, muranda, uye mutambudzi, ane mhosva dzakatungamirira sezvinobvira kunyongano hurusa yemhaka netsaona dzinotyisa dzakanyorwa. Asi Columbus aive chibereko chenguva yake, nguva isati yanyatsopera. Kana Columbus aitaura Chirungu chemazuva ano aizoti "aingotevera mirairo." Mirayiro iyoyo, inobva mu“dzidziso yokuwanwa,” yeKaturike inowana wirirano munhau yokuMadokero kusvikira ku“basa ranhasi rokudzivirira,” rakagadzwa nevapristi vakuru veSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose.
Pfungwa yekuti Columbus aibva kupi inogona kuwanikwa munhevedzano ye, nemazita akakodzera, mabhuru (mabhuru). Mirayiro iyi inojekesa kuti chechi ndiyo muridzi wenyika, inopa maKristu ropafadzo, inotarisira kupamba pfuma, inotarisira kutendeutsa vasiri vaKristu, uye inoona vasiri vaKristu vasina kodzero ipi neipi yakafanira kuremekedzwa—kusanganisira vapi nevapi vasiri vaKristu vachiri kufanira kuremekedzwa. yakasangana munyika dzisingazivikanwi zvachose nechechi. MaIndia ekuAmerica aitotongwa kare chechi (nemadzimambo nevakuru vayo) isati yaziva kuti vaivepo.
Dum Diversas Bull ya1452 inopa Mambo wePortugal mvumo yekurwisa vaMuslim muNorth Africa uye inotanga nekuvazivisa kuti vazere ne "hasha dzevavengi vezita raKristu, vanogara vachiitira hasha mukuzvidza kutenda kwechokwadi," uye. vanokarira kuti vanogona “kudzorwa navakatendeka vaKristu ndokupinzwa pasi porudzidziso rwechiKristu.” Kurwisa North Africa kwakanga kuri “kuzvidzivirira” kunyange panguva iyeyo, sezvo mambo aizo“dzivirira kutenda nokudisa uye noruoko rune simba achirwa navavengi vake. Isu tinotarisisawo kushanda nesimba pakudzivirira nekukura kweChitendero ichi. "
Papa anowedzera vamwe vanhu vasina kudomwa nemazita vanogona kurwiswa zvakare: “[I] tinokupa iwe simba rakazara uye rakasununguka, kuburikidza nemvumo yeApostora nechirevo ichi, kupinda, kukunda, kurwa, kukunda maSaracens nemapegani, nevamwe vasingatendi nevamwe. vavengi vaKristu, . . . uye kutungamira vanhu vavo muuranda husingaperi.”
Muna 2011, Bazi rezvemitemo reUS rakaendesa kuCongress gwaro redziviriro rekurwisa North Africa richiti hondo yeLibya yakabatsira nyika yeUS mukugadzikana kwedunhu uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika kweUnited Nations. Asi Libya neUnited States munzvimbo imwechete? Inzvimbo ipi iyoyo, pasi? Uye chimurenga hachisi chinopesana nekugadzikana here? Uye Chibatanwa chaMarudzi chinovimbika here apo hondo dzinorwiwa muzita rayo?
Romanus Pontifex Bull yemuna 1455 yaive, kana paine, yakatonyanya kuzara nehando, sezvayaimiririra panzvimbo dzisati dzazivikanwa asi dzakakodzera kutongwa nekupiwa mhosva. Vavariro yechechi yakanga iri “yokuita kuti zita rine mbiri zvikuru roMusiki anotaurwa ribudiswe, rikudzwe, uye riremekedzwe munyika yose, kunyange munzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru nedzisina kuwanwa, uyewo kupinza muchipfuva chokutenda kwake vavengi vanonyengera. kwake uye neMuchinjikwa unopa upenyu watakanunurwa nawo, iwo maSaracens nevamwe vese vasingatendi chero chipi zvacho. Ko munhu asingazivikanwe angave sei muvengi? Easy! Vanhu vasingazivikanwi nechechi, netsanangudzo, vaiva vanhu vasingazivi chechi. Vaive, naizvozvo, vavengi venhema veMuchinjikwa unopa upenyu.
Apo Columbus akaenda nechikepe, akafanoziva kuti aisakwanisa kupa vanhu vapi nevapi vakakodzera kuremekedzwa kupi nokupi. Inter Caetera Bull ya1493 inotiudza kuti Columbus “akawana zvitsuwa zvakati zviri kure zvikuru uye kunyange nyika huru idzo kusvikira panguva ino dzakanga dzisina kuwanwa navamwe; mairi vanhu vazhinji vagere murugare, sezvavanoshumwa, vanofamba vasina nguvo, vasingadyi nyama. Vanhu vazhinji ivavo vakanga vasati vawana nzvimbo yavakanga vachigara, nokuti vakanga vasingaverengeki sevanhu vaigona kuwana chimwe chinhu nokuda kwechiKristu. “Munorongawo,” akanyora kudaro papa, “sezvazviri basa renyu, kutungamirira vanhu vanogara muzvitsuwa izvozvo nenyika kuti vagamuchire rudzidziso rwechiKristu.”
Kana kuti.
Kana kuti chii? Requerimiento ya1514 iyo vapambi yakaverengera vanhu vava“kawana” yakavaudza kuti “gamuchire Chechi neSangano Rakakwirira Renyika yose uye kuziva Pontiff Mukuru, anonzi Papa, uye kuti muzita rake, unobvuma Mambo naMambokadzi. , semadzishe nezviremera zvepamusoro zvezvitsuwa izvi neMainlands nekuda kwechipo chakataurwa. Kana ukasaita izvi, zvisinei, kana kuita zvehutsinye kunonoka, tinokuyambira kuti, nerubatsiro rwaMwari, tichapinda munyika yako kuzokurwisa nechisimba uye ticharwa munzvimbo dzese uye nenzira dzese dzatingagona uye nekukunda. unokwanisa, uye tichazokuisa pasi pejoko nemvumo yeChechi neHukuru Hwavo. Tichakutora iwe nevakadzi vako nevana tovaita nhapwa, uye nekudaro tichavatengesa, uye tichakurasa iwe navo sekuraira kwavo kweHukuru. Uye tichakutorerai zvinhu zvenyu uye tichakuitirai zvakaipa zvose nezvakaipa zvatingagona kuita, sezvinoitwa vabati vasingateereri tenzi wavo, kana vasingadi kumugamuchira, kana kuti vanomudzivisa nokumupikisa. Tinovimbisa kuti rufu nekukuvadzwa kwamuchagamuchira nazvo kuchava mhosva yenyu, uye kwete yeVakuru Vavo, kana yedu, kana yevarume vanouya nesu.”
Asi kana zvisina kudaro zvinofadza kukuona iwe, nyika yakanaka yauinayo pano, uye isu tinovimba kusazonyanya kukanganisa!
Vanhu vose vanofanira kuita kuti vazviponese kukotama, kuteerera, uye kubvumira kuparadzwa kwenyika yakavapoteredza. Kana vakasaita izvozvo, sei, zvino hondo pavari imhosva yavo. Kwete zvedu. Isu takafanoregererwa, tine Mvumo yeKushandisa Mauto Echiuto, tiri kurongedza zvisungo zveUN.
Muna 1823 Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall akataura nezve "dzidziso yekuwanikwa" kupembedza kuba ivhu kubva kumaNative America mumhosva. Johnson v. M'Intosh izvo zvakabva zvaonekwa sehwaro hwevaridzi vevhu uye mutemo wezvivakwa muUnited States. Marshall akatongera dare rimwechete, pasina kupokana, kuti maNative America aisakwanisa kuva muridzi kana kutengesa ivhu, kunze kwekunge aitengesa kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa iyo yakanga yatora chinzvimbo chekukunda kubva kuBritish. Marudzi aisagona kuva nechangamire.
"Basa rekudzivirira (R2P kana RtoP) itsika yakatsanangurwa kuti hutongi haisi kodzero yakakwana," maererano neWikipedia, iyo ine chiremera sosi sechero ipi zvayo, sezvo R2P isiri mutemo zvachose, yakawanda yenzombe. Inoenderera mberi ichiti: “. . . uye izvo zvinoti vanorasikirwa nehuchangamire hwavo kana vatadza kuchengetedza vanhu vavo kubva kumhosva dzehutsinye uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu (kureva kuuraya rudzi, mhosva dzevanhu, mhosva dzehondo, uye kucheneswa kwemadzinza). . . . [T] nharaunda yepasi rose ine basa rekupindira kuburikidza nematanho ekumanikidza akadai sezvirango zvehupfumi. Kupindira kwemauto kunoonekwa senzira yekupedzisira.
Kana tikanzwisisa kuti “uchangamire” kureva kodzero yekusarwiswa nevatorwa, kereke yepamusoro paEast River haizvizivi pakati pevahedheni. Saudi Arabia inogona kuuraya vazhinji vasina mhosva, asi chechi inosarudza kupa nyasha uye zvombo zvekutakura. Zvimwe chete kuBahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, zvichingodaro. Chechi, pasi pesimba raCardinal Obama, haicherechedzi uchangamire asi inopa tsitsi. MuIraq, Libya, Iran, Syria, Palestine, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, Ukraine, Honduras, uye dzimwe nyika dzine dambudziko dzeSaracens nevasingatendi, vanozviunzira chibharo chakarurama nokupamba pavari. Haisi mhosva yemauto anoita basa rawo kurwisa nekuvhenekera.
Kare kuma1980 ndaigara kuItaly uye kwaiva nebhaisikopo rinosetsa rainzi Non resta che piangere (Hapana chakasara chokuita kunze kwokuchema) pamusoro pemabhufu akati kuti akatakurwa zvemashiripiti kudzokera kuna 1492. Vakabva vasarudza kuedza kumisa Columbus kuitira kuchengetedza maNative America (uye kudzivirira tsika dzeUS). Sezvandinorangarira, ivo vakanyanyononoka uye vakakundikana kumisa kuenda kwaColumbus. Hapana chekuita kunze kwekuchema. Vangadai, zvisinei, vakashanda mukushandura vanhu vaizogamuchira Columbus achidzoka nepfungwa dzakabatana dzemagariro. Nekuda kwechinhu ichocho, vanogona kunge vakadzokera kuma1980 uye vakashanda pachinangwa chimwe chete chedzidzo.
Hazvina kunonoka kuti isu timire kupemberera Zuva reColumbus nemamwe zororo rehondo, uye titarise pane kusanganisira pakati pekodzero dzevanhu dzatinotarisira, kodzero yekusabhombwa kana kukundwa.
