NaMarc Eliot Stein, Kukadzi 10, 2020

Nguva pfupi yadarika ndakadanwa kuzotaura kumusangano wekuwedzera weRinopanduka muNew York City World BEYOND War. Chiitiko ichi chakagadzirirwa kuunganidza mapoka matatu ezviito: vashanduri vekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, vashandi vezvematekinitori, pamwe nevari kurwisa. Takatanga nenhoroondo inosimudzira kubva kumushambadzi wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze Ha Vu, akaudza vanhu vazhinji veNew Yorkers nezve chiitiko chinotyisa vashoma vedu takamboita: kudzokera kumba kwemhuri yake kuHanoi, Vietnam, uko kuwedzera kupisa yakatoita kuti kuve kusingabviri kufamba kunze mukati menguva yekupenya kwezuva. Vashoma vekuAmerica vanozivawo nezve 2016 mvura kusvibisa njodzi muHa Tinh iri pakati peVietnam. Tinowanzotaura nezvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze sedambudziko rinogona kuitika muU.SA, Ha akasimbisa, asi muVietnam anogona kuzviona zvichitovhiringidza hupenyu nemararamiro, uye nekukurumidza kupisa.

Nick Mottern we KnowDrones.org akataura nekukurumidzira kwakafanana nezvemauto eUS achangoburwa mukudyara kweramangwana uye gore komputa - uye akasimbisa mhedzisiro yemauto yekuti kuisirwa masisitimu eAI mukutonga zvombo zvenyukireya nehondo yedrone kunozotungamira kuzvikanganiso zvehukuru husingafungidzirwe. William Beckler weExtinction Rebellion NYC yakateverwa nekutsanangudza marongero ebumbiro iri rakakosha uye rinokurumidza kukura kwesangano rinoisa muchiito, kusanganisira zviito zvinokanganisa zvakagadzirirwa kuzivisa kukosha kwekukosha kweshanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Takanzwa kubva kumumiriri weNew York City we Tech Workers Kubatanidzwa, uye ndakaedza kuvhiringidza kusangana kuti ndiwane pfungwa yekushandisa simba kuburikidza nekutaura nezve tech revashandi kupandukira chiitiko icho chisina kubudirira chakabudirira.

Izvi zvaive muna Kubvumbi 2018, apo iyo inonzi "indasitiri yekudzivirira" yaive ichizunza nezveProjek Maven, chirongwa chakaziviswa zvikuru chitsva chemauto eUS kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuchenjera kwemadhimoni uye mamwe mauto ezvekushandisa. Google, Amazon neMicrosoft zvese zvinopa off-iyo-masherufu mashandiro euchenjeri ekubhadhara vatengi, uye Google yakaonekwa seanogona kukunda muProjekti Maven muchiuto kontrakiti.

Pakutanga kwe 2018, vashandi veGoogle vakatanga kutaura kumusoro. Ivo havana kunzwisisa kuti nei kambani yaive yakavaraira sevashandi nechisimba chekuti "Usave Uipi" yakanga zvino yodaidzira kumapurojekiti ehondo angangoita senge chikamu chinotyisa che "Nzvimbo Yakadzika" iyo imbwa dzeMuchina AI-dzakagadzirirwa vanhu. zvisikwa zvekufa. Vakataura pamusoro pevezvenhau uye kune dzetsika nhau kuburitswa. Vakaronga zviito uye kutenderera zvikumbiro uye vakaita kuti vanzwe.

Uku kumukira kwevashandi ndiyo yaive genesis yeGoogle Workers Rebellion yekufamba, uye yakabatsira Bootstrap mamwe ma tech vashandi ekuungana. Asi chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa pamusoro pevari mukati meGoogle kuratidzira pamusoro peProjekti Maven chaisave chekuti vashandi ve tech vange vachitaura. Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti Google manejimendi yakapa mukana kune zvinodiwa nevashandi.

Makore maviri gare gare, chokwadi ichi chinondirovesa. Ndakaona matambudziko mazhinji ehupfumi mumakumi emakore angu semushandi we tech, asi ini handisati ndamboona iyo yakakura kambani kubvuma kugadzirisa zvinetso zvetsika nenzira yakakosha. Mhedzisiro yekumukira kweGoogle paProjekti Maven yaive kuburitswa kwechigadziro chemitemo yeAI iyo yakakodzera kunyorwa pano zvizere:

Artificial Intelligence kuGoogle: Nheyo Dzedu

Google inoshuva kugadzira matekiniki anogadzirisa matambudziko akakosha uye kubatsira vanhu muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Isu tine tarisiro nezve iko kugona kunoshamisa kweAI uye mamwe matekinoroji ekupa vanhu simba, kubatsirikana zvakanyanya zvizvarwa zvazvino uye zvechizvarwa, uye kushandira kune zvakajairika zvakanaka.

Zvinangwa zveAI zvikumbiro

Tichaongorora zvikumbiro zveAI tichitarisa zvinotevera zvinangwa. Isu tinotenda kuti AI inofanira:

1. Iva neruzhinji runobatsira.

Kusvikwa kwakawedzerwa kwetekinoroji nyowani kunowedzera kubata nzanga seyakazara. Kufambira mberi muAI kuchave nemhedzisiro inoshandura munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira hutano, chengetedzo, simba, chekufambisa, kugadzira, uyevaraidzo. Sezvatinofunga nezvekukudziridzwa uye kushandiswa kweAI matekinoroji, isu tichafunga huwandu hwakawanda hwenharaunda uye hwehupfumi zvinhu, uye tichaenderera isu tinotenda kuti zvakazara zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kudarika njodzi dzinoonekwa uye kudzikira.

AI zvakare inokwidziridza kugona kwedu kunzwisisa izvo zvinoreva zvemukati pamwero. Tichaedza kuita kuti ruzivo rwepamusoro uye rwechokwadi rwanikwe nyore tichishandisa AI, isu tichiramba tichiremekedza tsika, zvemagariro uye zvemitemo munyika dzatinoshanda. Uye isu ticharamba tichiongorora nekufunga nguva yekuita matekinoroji edu kuwanikwa pane asiri ezvokutengeserana.

2. Regedza kugadzira kana kusimbisa kusarongeka.

AI algorithms uye madhetits anokwanisa kuratidza, kusimbisa, kana kuderedza kusasarura kusarura. Isu tinoziva kuti kusiyanisa rusarura kubva mukusasarura kusasarura hakusi nyore nguva dzose, uye kunosiyana mumagariro uye munharaunda. Tichatsvaga kudzivisa kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvisirizvo kuvanhu, kunyanya izvo zvine hukama nehunhu hwakadai serudzi, dzinza, huchiri, nyika, mari, hunhu hwepabonde, kugona, nekutenda kwezvematongerwo enyika kana zvechitendero.

3. Vaka kuvakwa uye kuyedzwa kuchengetedzwa.

Tichaenderera mberi nekuvandudza nekushandisa kwakasimba kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza zviitiko kuti tidzivise zvisina kufanirwa mhedzisiro inopa njodzi dzekukuvara. Isu tichagadzira edu eAI masystem kuti ave anochenjera, uye nekutsvaga kuvakudzikisa zvinoenderana nemhando dzakanakisa mune zvekuchengetedza AI research. Mune zviitiko zvakakodzera, isu tichaedza maAI matekinoroji munzvimbo dzakaomarara uye nekutarisa mashandiro avo mushure mekushomeka.

4. Kuzvidavirira kuvanhu.

Isu tichagadzira maAI system anopa mikana yakakodzera yemhinduro, tsananguro dzakakodzera, uye kukwidza. Yedu AI tekinoroji ichaiswa pasi yakakodzera kutungamirirwa kwevanhu uye kutonga.

5. Kupinza zvakavanzika dhizaini maitiro.

Tichabatanidza nheyo dzekuvanzika kwedu mukuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwema teknolojia edu eAI. Isu tichapa mukana wekucherechedzwa uye kubvumirwa, kukurudzira zvivakwa neyakavanzika kuchengetedza, uye nekupa yakajeka kuvhenekwa uye kutonga pamusoro pekushandiswa kwedata.

6. Kusimudzira yakakwirira zviyero zvesainzi kugona.

Tekinoroji nyowani yakadzika mune yesainzi nzira uye kuzvipira kuvhura kubvunza, ruzivo rwekunzwisisa, kutendeseka uye kudyidzana. Zvishandiso zveAI zvine mukana wekuvhura nzvimbo nyowani dzekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye ruzivo mumatunhu akakosha senge biology, kemesitiri, mushonga, uye zvesaenzi zvakasikwa. Isu tinoshuvira kune yakakwirira mibairo yesainzi kugona sezvo isu tichishandira kufambira mberi kweAI kuvandudzwa.

Tichashanda nevatori vechikamu kusimudzira hutungamiri hunofungisisa munzvimbo ino, tichikwevera nzira dzakaomarara nesainzi uye dzakawanda. Uye isu tichagovera zvine mwero ruzivo rweAI nekuburitsa zvinhu zvekudzidzisa, maitiro epamberi, uye tsvagiridzo inoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vagone kugadzira zvinoshanda zveAI.

7. Ita kuti uvepo kuti ushandise iyo inopindirana nemisimboti iyi.

Mazhinji matekinoroji ane akawanda anoshandiswa. Isu ticha shanda kudzikisira zvinogona kuita zvinokuvadza kana kushandisa zvisizvo. Patinokudziridza uye nekuisa maTekiniki tekinoroji, isu tichaongorora zvingangoshandiswa kushandisa tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvinotevera:

• Chinangwa chekutanga uye kushandiswa: iyo yekutanga chinangwa uye pamwe yekushandisa tekinoroji uye kushandiswa, kusanganisira kuti zvikuru sei mhinduro ine hukama uye inoshandisirwa kune inokuvadza kushandiswa
• Natural uye akasiyana: kunyangwe tiri kugadzira tekinoroji yakasarudzika yakasarudzika kana yakawanda kuwanikwa
• Scale: kunyangwe kushandiswa kwetekinoroji iyi kune simba rakakura
• Rudzi rwekupinda kweGoogle: tingave tiri kupa general-chinangwa maturusi, kusanganisa maturusi evatengi, kana kugadzira tsika dzemhinduro

Zvikumbiro zveAI isu hatizoteedzere

Kuwedzera kune zvinangwa zviri pamusoro, isu hatizogadzira kana kuisa AI munzvimbo dzinotevera dzekushandisa:

1. Tekinoroji dzinokonzeresa kana kuti dzinogona kukonzera kukuvara zvachose. Iko kune ngozi yezvinhu zvekukuvara, tichaenderera chete apo isu tinotenda kuti mabhenefiti acho anopfuura nenjodzi, uye tinopinza zvinetso zvekuchengetedza.
2. Zvombo kana mamwe matekinoroji ane chinangwa chikuru kana kuita ndere kukonzeresa kana kukuvadza zvakananga kuvanhu.
3. Matekiniki anounganidza kana kushandisa ruzivo rwekutarisa ari kutyora tsika dzakagamuchirwa zvepasi rese.
4. Matekinoroji ayo chinangwa chake chinopokana zvinogamuchirwa zvikuru misimboti yemutemo wepasi rese nekodzero dzevanhu.

Sezvo ruzivo rwedu mune ino nzvimbo ruchidzika, rondedzero iyi inogona kubuda.

mhedziso

Isu tinotenda aya nheyo ndiwo hwaro hwakakodzera hwekambani yedu uye neramangwana redu kusimudzira kweAI. Isu tinobvuma kuti ino nzvimbo ine simba uye ichishanduka, uye tichaenda kubasa redu nekuzvininipisa, kuzvipira mukubatanidzwa kwemukati nekunze, uye nechido chekushandura nzira yedu apo patinodzidza nekufamba kwenguva.

Mhedzisiro iyi yakanaka haiburitse tech Google kubva mukunetseka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushushikana, sekutsigira ICE, mapurisa nezvimwe zviitiko zvechiuto, kuunganidza nekutengesa kuwana data rekuvanzika nezvevanhu, kuviga zvirevo zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinopesana kubva kumitsvaga yeinjini yekutsvaga. uye, kunyanya kukosha, kubvumira vashandi vayo kuti varambe vachitaura pamusoro peizvi nezvimwe zvinhu vasingadzingwe basa rekuita. Iko kwevashandi veGoogle yekumukira inoramba ichishanda uye ichiita basa rakawanda.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kufamba kwevashandi veGoogle kwaive nesimba rakadii. Izvi zvakabuda pachena mushure mekuratidzira kweGoogle kwatanga: matare ekushambadzira ePentagon akamira kuburitsa mapepanhau matsva nezveProjekti Maven yainakidza, akazopedzisira “anyangarika” chirongwa ichi zvachose kubva pakuonekwa kwevanhu kwawakanga watsvaga kwekutanga. Panzvimbo iyoyo, chirongwa chitsva chakakura uye chakakura chekuziva chakatanga kubuda kubva kuPentagon Kudzivirira Innovation Board.

Iyi yakadaidzwa Chirongwa JEDI, zita idzva rePentagon rinoshandisa mukucheka-zvombo. Projekiti JEDI yaizoshandisa mari yakawanda kupfuura Project Maven, asi iyo yeruzhinji blitz yeiyo purojekiti nyowani (hongu, mauto eU.S. anoshandisa a mugove yenguva uye kutarisisa paruzhinji uye kushambadzira) yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo neyokutanga. Zvese zvinyoro-nyoro uye zvemahara "Black Mirror" mifananidzo yakanga isisipo. Zvino, panzvimbo yekusimbisa zvinonakidza uye cinematic dystopian zvinotyisa AI-powered drones inogona kuendesa vanhu, Project JEDI yakazvitsanangura pachayo seyakajeka nhanho kuenda mberi nekubudirira, kusanganisa akasiyana-siyana emaye makore kuitira kuti abatsire "varwi vehondo" (izwi rinodiwa rePentagon re pamberi-mutsetse vashandi) uye kumashure-hofisi tsigiro zvikwata zvinowedzera kushandira ruzivo. Iko Project Maven yakagadzirwa kuti inzwike inonakidza uye yemberi, Project JEDI yakagadzirirwa kurira zvine musoro uye zvinoshanda.

Iko hakuna chinhu chinonzwisisika kana chinoshanda nezveti yemutengo weProjekti JEDI. Icho chikuru chemauto software kontrakiti munhoroondo yenyika: madhora gumi nemazana mashanu. Meso edu mazhinji anopenya pamusoro patinozwa nezve zviyero zvemashandisirwo emauto, uye tinokwanisa kuruka pamusoro pemusiyano uripo pakati pemamirioni nemabhiriyoni. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti yakakura sei Project JEDI kupfuura chero yapfuura yePentagon software yekutanga. Iko kuchinjisa mutambo, injini inounza hupfumi, cheki isina chekuita yekubatsirika pakubhadhara mutero.

Izvo zvinobatsira kukwenya pasi pechiso chehurumende kuburitswa kwenyaya paunenge uchiedza kunzwisisa mashandisiro emauto cheki isina chinhu yakakura kunge $ 10.5 bhiriyoni. Rumwe ruzivo runogona kutorwa kubva mumabhuku emauto, sekukanganisa Nyamavhuvhu 2019 kubvunzana naJoint Artificial Intelligence Center Lieutenant General Jack Shanahan, yakakosha nzira mune zvese zvakanyangarika Project Maven uye itsva Project JEDI. Ini ndakakwanisa kuwana rumwe ruzivo rwekuti maindasitiri ekudzivirira emukati vanofunga sei nezveProjekti JEDI nekuteerera kune indasitiri yekudzivirira podcast inonzi "Basa 38: Iyo Remangwana Rehurumende Kubvumirana". Vaenzi vePodcast vanowanzo taura vakasarudzika uye vasingazeze pamusoro penyaya ipi yavari kukurukura. "Vanhu vazhinji vachange vachitenga madziva matsva gore rino" zvaiwanzoitika mukati meiyi podcast yekutaura nezveProjekti JEDI. Tine chokwadi chekuti vachadaro.

Hechino chinoshamisa chinhu icho chinosunga kudzoka kuGoogle's AI misimboti. Ivo vatatu vari pamberi pamberi peiyo hombe $ 10.5 bhiriyoni yeJEDI kondirakiti ingadai iri Google, Amazon neMicrosoft - mune izvozvi, zvichibva mukurumbira kwavo sevatsigiri veAI. Nekuda kwevashandi vanopokana neProjekiti Maven muna 2018, mutungamiri weAI Google anga asiri kufunga nezveProjekti JEDI yakakura kwazvo muna 2019.Mugumo wa2019, zvakaziviswa kuti chibvumirano chakaenda kuMicrosoft. Kutenderera kwenhau kwakateverwa, asi kufukidzwa uku kwakanangana nekukakavadzana pakati peAmazon neMicrosoft, uye nenyaya yekuti nzvimbo yechitatu Microsoft ingangobvumidzwa kurova 3nd nzvimbo yeAmazon yekuhwina nekuda kwehondo dzaTrump dzinotungamira neWashington Post, iyo iri yeAmazon Jeff Bezos. Amazon yave kuenda kudare kunorwa Pentagon's $ 2 bhiriyoni chipo kuMicrosoft, uye Oracle iri kumhan'arira futi. Kutaura kwakasarudzika kubva muProjekti 10.5 podcast yataurwa pamusoro - "Vanhu vazhinji vachange vachitenga madziva matsva gore rino" - haingorevi chete kune mari yeMicrosoft asiwo kune vese magweta achapinda mumatare aya. Tinogona kuita fungidziro yakadzidza kuti inopfuura 38% yeProjekti JEDI's $ 3 bhiriyoni ichaenda kumagweta. Zvakaipa isu hatigone kuishandisa kubatsira kupera nzara yenyika panzvimbo.

Gakava pamusoro pekuti kuchinjiswa kwemuteresi mari kumakondirakiti emauto kunobatsira Microsoft, Amazon kana Oracle yakatonga kufambiswa kwenhau kweProjekti JEDI. Imwe meseji yakanaka inofanirwa kuunganidzwa kubva mukunyadziswa uku - chokwadi chekuti Google yanga yabva pachibvumirano chikuru chemauto munhoroondo yepasirese nekuda kwevaratidziri vevashandi - yanga isingawanikwe mukuburitswa kwenhau kweProjekti JEDI. 

Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvaive zvakakosha kutaurira nyaya iyi kune vanoongorora-tech vakatarisana vakaungana mukamuri rakazara vanhu mukati meguta reManhattan svondo rapfuura kuti vataure nezve zvatinga ponesa pasi redu, kuti tingaite sei kurwisa disinfform uye zvematongerwo enyika zvezvesaenzi mamiriro ekunze. zvatingaite kumira kumusoro kune simba rakakura rezvicherwa mafuta profiteers uye zvombo profiteers. Mukamuri iri diki, isu tese takaita sekunge tinonzwisisa zvikamu zvechinetso chatakatarisana nacho, uye basa rakakosha isu pachedu tinofanirwa kutanga kutamba. Iyo tech tech ine simba rakakosha. Sezvo madhimoni ekudhirowa anogona kuita mutsauko chaiwo, kumukira kwevashandi ve tech kunogona kuita mutsauko chaiwo. Kune nzira dzakawanda vano shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, vashandi ve tech vapanduki vanopandukira uye vanopikisa varwi vehondo vanogona kutanga kushanda pamwe, uye tichave tichiita nenzira dzese dzatinogona.

Isu takave netariro kutanga nekuungana uku, nerubatsiro rwakatangwa na Kuparadza Kupandukira NYC uye Nyika Haigone kumirira. Iko kufamba kuchakura - kunofanira kukura. Mafuta anoshandiswa zvisina kufanira ndiwo anotariswa nevaratidziri vekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kushungurudzwa kwemafuta echisimba zvakare zviri zviviri zvakakosha purofiti yeUS imperialism uye mhedzisiro inotyisa yekuparadza kwemauto eU.S. Chokwadi, mauto eUS anoita kunge aripo iyo yakashata yakashatisa zvikuru pasi. Vashandi vetechnology vanogona here kushandisa simba redu kuronga kuti vakunde kunyangwe richikanganisa kupfuura kubvisa kwaGoogle muProjekti JEDI? Tinogona uye tinofanira. Svondo rapfuura musangano weNew York City yaingova nhanho diki kuenda kumberi. Tinofanira kuita zvakawanda, uye isu tinofanirwa kupa yedu yekubatanidza kuratidzira kufamba kwese isu kwatinowana.

Marc Eliot Stein director wehunyanzvi uye vezvenhau ve World BEYOND War.

Mufananidzo naGregory Schwedock.