naNicolas JS Davies, Mbudzi 20, 2017
Makore gumi nematanhatu muhondo yedu inoratidzika kunge isingaperi kubva ipapo September 11th, boka guru retsvakurudzo rinopedzisira rava kubuda kuti rijekese kuti ndiani chaizvo mauto eUnited States ari kurwisana munzvimbo dzavo dzehondo dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera, uye chii chinosunda vanhu kuti vabatane nemapoka ane zvombo akaita seTaliban, Al Qaeda neIslamic State.
Takaudzwa kuti mauto eUS "ari kurwa navo ikoko" kuti isu tisa "kurwa navo pano." Asi vatsvakurudzi vari kudzidza kuti, kufanana nevaIraqi vakasimuka kuti varambe kupinda nechisimba kweUnited States uye kutora nyika yavo, vazhinji vevanhu vanobatana nemapoka ane zvombo mhiri kweMiddle East neAfrica vari kungorwa zvachose nokuti US nemauto ari "kurwisana." ikoko,” munyika dzavo, maguta, misha nemisha.
Muna 2015, Center for Civilians in Conflict yakaburitsa mhedzisiro yekubvunzurudzwa nevanhu mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu vakabatana nemapoka ane zvombo muBosnia, Somalia, Gaza neLibya mumushumo wakanzi, Maonero evanhu: Kupinda kwevanhu muKurwisana. Chimwe chezvaakawana chikuru ndechekuti, "Chikonzero chakanyanya kukonzeresa kubatanidzwa, chakatsanangurwa nevakabvunzurudzwa mune zvese zvidzidzo zvina, kwaive kuzvidzivirira pachako kana mhuri."
Zvakare muna 2015, Lydia Wilson, muongorori kubva kuOxford University, akabvumidzwa kuita bvunzurudza nhamba yevarwi veIslam State vakatapwa muKirkuk, Iraq. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti Wilson awane varwi veIslam State vakabatwa kuti vabvunzurudze, nekuti mauto ehurumende yeIraqi anotsigirwa neKurdish neUS anouraya varwi veIslamic State avo vavanobata. Asi mapurisa emuKirkuk akanga akabata vasungwa achivatonga mudare, saka Wilson akawana mvumo kubva kumukuru wemapurisa kuti ataure nevamwe vavo.
Musungwa wekutanga Lydia Wilson akabvunzurudzwa akabatwa, akaedzwa uye akatongerwa rufu nekuputika angangoita mabhomba mana emota uye scooter-bhomba muKirkuk. Asi kubvunzurudzwa kwake kwakanga kusiri kwakasarudzika - nhoroondo yake yekukurudzira kwake yakadzokororwa nemumwe musungwa wese. Akataura kuti kuvimbika kwake kwekutanga kwaive kumudzimai wake nevana vaviri, uye kuti akabatana neIslamic State kuti atsigire mhuri yake. Akaudza Wilson, "Tinoda kuti hondo ipere, tinoda kuchengetedzeka, taneta nehondo yakawanda ... chandinoda kuve nemhuri yangu, vana vangu."
Pakapera kubvunzurudzwa, Wilson akabvunza musungwa wacho kana aiva nemibvunzo. Panguva iyoyo akaziva kuti General Stone, mumwe wevaishanda naWilson, aimbove mauto eUS, uye, pane kubvunza mubvunzo, akangoputika nehasha kwaari, "Vanhu vekuAmerica vakauya. Vakabvisa Saddam asi vakatitorerawo security yedu. Saddam ndaisamufarira, takanga tava kuziya nenzara panguva iyoyo, asi takanga tisina hondo. Pamakauya kuno, hondo yevagari vemo yakatanga.”
General Stone haana kushamisika. Uku kwaiva kutaura kwehasha kumwe chete kwaakanga anzwa kubva kune anenge musungwa wose kubva ipapo akatanga kubvunzurudza vasungwa semukuru wemajeri emauto eUS muIraq muna 2007.
Lydia Wilson akapfupikisa zvaakadzidza nezvevasungwa vomuKirkuk in chinyorwa cheThe Nation: “Ivo vana vebasa racho, vazhinji vane vanababa vakashaika panguva dzinokosha (kuburikidza nejere, rufu nokuurawa kana kuti kurwisana mukumukira), vakazadzwa nehasha mukurwisana neAmerica nehurumende yavo vamene. Havana kukurudzirwa nepfungwa yekutonga kweIslam pasina miganhu; asi, ISIS ndiro boka rekutanga kubva pakapwanyika Al Qaeda kupa majaya aya akanyadziswa uye akashatirwa nzira yekudzivirira chiremera chavo, mhuri uye rudzi. Izvi hazvisi radicalization kune ISIS nzira yehupenyu, asi chivimbiso chenzira yekubuda muupenyu hwavo husina kuchengeteka uye husina chiremera; vimbiso yekurarama mukudada semaArabu eSunni eIraq, kusiri kungozivikanwa kwechitendero, asi tsika, dzinza uye nyika zvakare.
Kuurayiwa kwemauto mana eUS muNiger kwakashamisa vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica, asi iyo US yadaro Mauto zviuru zvitanhatu munyika makumi mashanu nenhatu muAfrica, saka hatifaniri kushamiswa nemabhokisi akavharidzirwa mureza achiuya kumba achibva kunyika dzinoita sedzisina kurongeka ikoko. Asi vatungamiri vedu vasati vaderedza kondinendi yose ku "nhandare yehondo" itsva yeUnited States, tinofanira kucherechedza mushumo mutsva wakabudiswa neUN Development Program (UNDP), ine musoro. Rwendo rweKunyanyisa muAfrica: Vatyairi, Zvikurudziro uye Iyo Tipping Point yeKutsvaga.
Chirevo ichi chakavakirwa panhaurirano mazana mashanu nevarwi vanobva kumativi ese eAfrica. Sekutaura kunoita zita rayo, vakabvunzurudza vakabvunza varwi vacho nezve "nzvimbo yekuisa" iyo yakafunga kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo apinde muboka rine zvombo rakaita seBoko Haram, Al-Shabab kana Al Qaeda. Kupfuura nhamba hurusa (500 muzana) yakataura kuti rumwe rudzi rwe“chiito chehurumende,” chakadai se“kuuraya nhengo yemhuri kana kuti shamwari” kana kuti “kusungwa kwenhengo yemhuri kana shamwari,” rakanga riri gwara rokupedzisira rakavasundidzira pamusoro pawo. mutsara mutsvuku kubva kuhupenyu hweveruzhinji kuenda kuhondo yehugandanga uye/kana hugandanga. Mukupesana, mirangariro yorudzidziso kazhinji kazhinji yakanga isiri chinhu chinokosha muchisarudzo chavo.
Chirevo chakapedzisa, "Kuzvibata kwezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kunoratidzwa sechikuru chekukurumidza kupinza vanhu basa, kwete kudzosera kumashure." Muchikamu che "Policy Implications," mushumo wakawedzera, "The Rwendo rweKunyanyisa tsvagiridzo inopa humbowo hutsva hunokatyamadza hwekuti mhinduro dzakanangana-dzinofambiswa nedziviriro dzinogona kuitika sei kana dzichiitwa zvisina hanya. "
Zvidzidzo zvese izvi zvinobvumirana kuti, nekugadzira kana kusamira, mutemo weUS uri kuvhiringa chikonzero uye mhedzisiro yekururamisa mashandiro emauto ayo anoshandura vanhuwo zvavo kuva varwi, zvichikurudzira kutenderera kuri kuramba kuchikwira, kuri kuramba kuchipararira kwemhirizhonga uye mhirizhonga pasi rose.
Chirevo cherunyararo ndechekumisa "mhinduro dzinofambiswa nekuchengetedzwa kwedziviriro" dzinokonzeresa mhirizhonga iyi, uye kutanga kudzorera varwi kuva vanhuwo zvavo, sezviri kuita Colombia nekuda kwechibvumirano cherunyararo chiri kupera makore 53 ehurumende. hondo. Nematambudziko ese akatarisana neAmerica nenyika muzana ramakore rechi 21, hatingakwanise kumirira nguva yakareba kudaro kuti tisarudze nzira yerunyararo uye titange kuita zvakare runyararo nekuvaka nevavakidzani vedu vese.
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Nicolas JS Davies munyori we Ropa Pamaoko edu: Kupinda kweAmerica uye Kuparadza kweIraq
