Yakabatwa Pakati PeDombo uye Nzvimbo Yakaomarara

 Kune vaverengi vangu muOkinawa, neruremekedzo rukuru.
沖 縄 の 皆

Nguva pfupi yadarika nhoroondo yekusvibiswa

Muna 2020 Futenma Marine Corps Command akamanikidzwa kudzima Futenma Flightline Fair yakakurumbira, yaive yakarongerwa Mugovera, Kurume 14 neSvondo, Kurume 15. Aya ndiwo aive mazuva ekutanga echirwere cheCovid uye munhu wese akatarisira Flightline Fair uye kuratidzwa kweiyo F / A-18's, F-35B's uye MV-22's, ine flyovers, mota show, uye inoshamisa barbecue.

Morale akatambura, saka rairo yakapa musoro kuti ubate barbecue musi waApril 10th padhuze ne hangar hombe ye esprit de Corps yeMarines. Kuchenesa kubva kumidziyo yebhayiko kwakakonzera hangar fire suppression system, ichiburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwehuturu hwekudzimisa moto furo ine Perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, (PFOS). Yakaparadza bhengi. Futenma Flightline Fair - Koji Kakazu Photography

Mazana ezviitiko zvakadai seizvi zvakanyorwa kumauto eUS pasi rese kubva kutanga kwema1970 apo ma carcinogen paakatanga kushandiswa mumaputi ekudzimisa moto. Dzimwe nguva masystem epamusoro ekudzvinyirira furu anokonzereswa netsaona panguva yekugadzirisa. Dzimwe nguva, vanoita kubva kune hutsi hunongoitika uye kana kupisa. Izvo zvinoitika zvinoitika.

Kana masisitimu ekudzvanyirira aburitsa mafupa avo, mauto anogona kutumira furo kune mvura yemvura ine dutu, tsvina yemaseji, kana matangi epasi pevhu. Kutumira izvo zvinokonzeresa mukati memvura yemvura ine dutu zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvimhanye zvakananga munzizi. Kuburitsa mafuro muhutsanana tsvina tsvina zvinoreva kuti chepfu dzinoendeswa kunzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba uko kwavanopedzisira vaburitswa, vasina kurapwa, kupinda munzizi. Makumbo anotorwa mumatangi epasi pevhu ekuchengetera anogona kutumirwa kune imwe yeanoshambadzira masisitimu kana kubviswa kubva saiti kuzoraswa kumwe kunhu kana kupiswa. Nekuti makemikari haatsve uye haaputsike, hapana nzira yekurasa nawo zvakanaka uye vanogona kuwana nzira dzekushandisa kwevanhu. VaOkinawans vakatsamwa nekuda kwechikonzero ichi.

 ANDERSEN AIR FORCE BASE, Guam - Furo rinobva pamoto wekudzvinyirira moto rinosaswa kubva pamadziro uye pasirin'i mukati meya ichangovakwa yekuchengetedza ndege hangar panguva yekuyedza uye kuongorora chiitiko muna 2015. (US Air Force pikicha)

Munguva yechiitiko chaApril 10, 2020, barbecue chiitiko, 227,100 litita efuro rakaburitswa, ayo anopfuura 143,800 litita akabuda kunze kwechigadziko uye, pamwe, 83,300 litita akaendeswa kumatangi epasi pevhu.

Iyo furo yakafukidza rwizi rwemuno uye segore-kunge mafomati efuro akatenderera kupfuura tsoka zana pamusoro pevhu, achigara munzvimbo dzekugara dzekutandarira nemunharaunda. David Steele, mukuru weFutenma Air Base, akaenderera mberi nekuparadzanisa ruzhinji rweOkinawan paakati, "Kana kuchinaya, ichaderera." Sezvineiwo, anga achireva kune anopupa furo, kwete iko kuita kwemafuro ekurwarisa vanhu. Tsaona yakafanana yakaitika pane imwecheteyo muna Zvita we2019 apo iyo yekudzvinyirira moto netsaona yakaburitsa iyo carcinogenic furo.

Kubvumbi 17, 2020 - US Marine Corps Col. David Steele, anotungamira mukuru weMarine Corps Air Station Futenma, anosangana naOkinawa Vice-Gov. Kiichiro Jahana uko furo rinodzima moto rakatorwa mutangi repasi pevhu. (Mufananidzo weUS Marine Corps)

Muna Kubvumbi, 2020, iyo furo mvura yakayerera ichibuda mupombi dzemvura dzemvura (tsvuku x) kubva kuMarine Corps Mhepo Chiteshi Futenma. Runway inoratidzwa kurudyi. Rwizi rweUchidomari (neruvara rwebhuruu) runotakura uturu kuenda kuMakiminato kuEast China Sea.

Mutungamiriri wemauto eU.S. muJapan, Lt.Gen.Kevin Schneider, akaburitsa chirevo chinotevera, musi waApril 24, 2020, masvondo maviri chiitiko ichi, "Tine urombo nekuteuka uku uye tiri kushanda nesimba kuti tsvaga kuti sei zvakaitika kuitira kuona kuti chiitiko chakadai hachiitike futi. Zvisinei, ndinofara zvikuru nedanho rekushandira pamwe ratakamboona kumatunhu nemunyika apo tinochenesa izvi nekushandira kugadzirisa dambudziko repasi rose rinounzwa nezvinhu izvi, ”akadaro Schneider.

Iyi ndiyo bhailerplate mhinduro inoshandiswa pasirese kuisa vanhu veko, vangave vari muMaryland, Germany, kana Japan. Vemauto vakaziva pakarepo kuti sei zvakaitika. Vanonzwisisa kuburitswa netsaona kucharamba kuchiitika uye kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu.

MaAmerican vanovimba nehurumende dzinotonga dzinotonga. Semuenzaniso, mushumo weOkinawa Defense Bureau, bazi remunharaunda reJapan Ministry of Defense, rakati kuburitsa furo kuFutenma "hakuna zvakunobatsira vanhu." Nekudaro, bepanhau reRyuko Shimpo rakatora sampu yemvura padyo nenzvimbo yeFutenma ndokuwana zvikamu makumi maviri nezviviri nemazana maviri netirioni (ppt) yePFOS / PFOA murwizi rweUchidomari. Mvura yegungwa kubva kuMakiminato hove chiteshi yaive ne247.2 ng / l yehupfu. Rwizi rwanga rwune gumi nematanhatu ePFAS ayo ari mune eutoous aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF). Kuisa aya manhamba mukutarisa, iyo Wisconsin Dhipatimendi reZviwanikwa inotaura pamusoro pemvura mazinga ayo pfuura 2 ppt zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu. Iyo PFOS mumafovhu zvakashata bioaccumulate muhupenyu hwemumvura. Nzira yekutanga vanhu vanoshandisa makemikari aya nekudya hove.

Hove muOkinawa dzakaiswa chepfu nePFAS. Mhando ina dzakanyorwa pano (kuenda muhurongwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi) ndeye pfumo, pearl danio, guppy, uye tilapia.

111 ng / g (muPearl Danio) x 227 g (yakajairwa kushumirwa kwema8 ounces) = 26,557 nanograms (ng). European Food Safety Authority inoti zvakanaka kuti mumwe munhu anorema 70 kilos (154 mapaundi) anodya mazana matatu pavhiki. (300 ng pa kg yehuremu) Imwe yekushandira yehove dzeOkinawan inguva makumi masere neshanu kupfuura muganho weEuropean wevhiki.

Gavhuna weOkinawan Denny Tamaki akatsamwa. Iye akati, "Ini zvechokwadi handina mazwi," paakaziva kuti bhengi ndiyo yakakonzera kusunungurwa. Mukutanga kwa2021, hurumende yeOkinawan yakazivisa kuti mvura yepasi munzvimbo yakatenderedza Marine Corps base yaive neyakaunganidzwa ye2,000 ppt yePFAS.

MuOkinawa, veruzhinji uye vezvenhau vari kuwedzera kutsamwiswa nekusazvibata kwemauto eUS. Izwi iri riri kutenderedzwa kutenderera kuti mauto eUS ari kuisira chepfu mamirioni avanhu pasirese uye ari kuda kuramba achidaro. Vanopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu zvevanhu muUS, vanoshanda mumapurazi mukati mamaira ekuiswa kwemauto, vanotarisirwa kuti vagamuchire ziviso kubva kuPentagon kuti mvura yavo yepasi ingangoshatiswa nePFAS. Iyo inogona kuuraya pasi pevhu mapepa kubva kunzvimbo dzekudzidzira moto pachigadziko anogona chaizvo kufamba makumi maviri mamaira.

Izvi zvinoburitswa zvine chepfu uye chepfu yakawandisa yemamirioni eAmerica ichakwira pamusoro pehukama hwehukama neruzhinji rwePentagon rweMi Lai, Abu Ghraib, uye kuurawa kwevanhu gumi nevagari veAfghan vatichangobva kuona. About 56 muzana vemuAmerica vakambobvunzurudzwa kutanga kwegore rino vakati vane "chivimbo chakakura uye chivimbo" mumauto, zvichidzika kubva pa70 muzana mu2018. Tichaona chiitiko ichi chichiwedzera apo nhepfenyuro dzinomanikidzwa kuvhara muchetura wemauto kuAmerica nyika. Kune chisungo chakadzama mune zvese izvi. Hondo yekurwisana nehondo uye mapoka ezvakatipoteredza muUnited States kazhinji ave achinonoka kugamuchira nyaya iyi. Panzvimbo iyoyo, kupandukira kuchamuka kubva kuvarimi vepakati peAmerica.

August 26, 2021

Chitsauko chitsva chekuzvikudza kweumambo hweAmerica muOkinawa chakaitika muna Nyamavhuvhu 26, 2021. Kunyange iyo US kana maJapan havana kugadzira zvirevo maererano nematanho ePFAS anogona kuburitswa muhutsanana masisitimu ehutsanana. Zvinotaridza sekuti nyika dzese dzakagadzirirwa pamvura yekunwa asi sainzi iri pachena uye isingarambike kuti mazhinji ePFAS anodyiwa nevanhu ari kuburikidza nechikafu chatinodya, kunyanya chikafu chegungwa kubva mumvura yakasviba.

Iwo mauto mauto kuFutenma akasangana neJapan central government neOkinawan prefectural maofficial muna Chikunguru 19, 2021 kuti vatore masampuli emvura yakacheneswa kubva pachigadziko kuti vaite bvunzo dzakasiyana. Musangano wekutevera wakagadzirirwa Nyamavhuvhu 26th kuti vakurukure nezvehurongwa hwekuburitsa mhedzisiro yemiyedzo mitatu.

Pane kudaro, mangwanani eAugust 26th, maMarines unilaterally uye zvine hutsinye vakadonhedza makumi matanhatu nemana emarita emvura ine chepfu mumugodhi wemaseya emasekuru. Mvura yacho yakabva mumatangi epasi pevhu aive nefuro rakateurwa remoto. VaMarines vachiri nemamita mazana matatu nemazana masere emvura yakasviba yakasara pachigadziko, sekureva kwe Asahi Shimbun bepanhau.

Vakuru veOkinawan vanoti vakagamuchira email na9: 05 mangwanani muna Nyamavhuvhu 26 kubva kuMarines vachiti mvura ine muchetura ichazoburitswa na9: 30 mangwanani Mauto eUS ati mvura yakaburitswa yaive ne2.7 ppt yePFOS parita remvura. Mauto eUS anga aratidza kunetsekana kuti matangi ekuchengetera angafashukira nekuda kwemvura inonaya yakaunzwa nemadutu, nepo bazi rezvekudzivirirwa kweJapan richiti kuendeswa kwemvura iyi "inzira yechimbichimbi nekuda kwedambudziko redutu."

Vakuru veguta reGinowan vakapindura ipapo ipapo. Kwangopera maawa maviri kuburitswa kwatanga, iyo Ginowan Sewage Facility Division yakatora masampula emvura yakasviba kubva mugomba munzvimbo yeIsa, uko mvura yakasviba yeMCAS Futenma inosangana nehurongwa hweveruzhinji.

Muenzaniso wakaratidza zvinotevera zvinotevera.

PFOS 630 ppt
PFOA 40 ppt
PFHxS 69 ppt

Yakazara 739 ppt  

Iyo US Marines yakashuma ichitsvaga 2.7 ppt yePFAS mumvura yemugodhi. VaOkinawans vanoti vakawana 739 ppt. Kunyangwe kuita kwakajairwa kuyedzwa kwePFAS mune akasiyana midhiya kunogona kuona makumi matatu nemasere, ndiwo matatu chete pamusoro akataurwa nevaOkinawans. VaMarines vakangotaura "36 ppt yePFOS." Zvichida huwandu hwese hwehuwandu hwePFAS hungave hwese 2.7 ppt dai mamwe marudzi ePFAS akaedzwa.

Iyo Okinawa prefectural (nyika) uye Ginowan matunhu ehurumende akabva aisa kuratidzira kumauto eUS. "Ndinonzwa hasha dzakasimba kuti mauto eUS akabatanidza mvura pamwe chete kunyangwe ivo vachiziva kuti nhaurirano dzaienderera pakati peJapan neUnited States nezve nzira yekugadzirisa nayo mvura yakasviba," Gavhuna weOkinawa, Denny Tamaki akadaro gare gare musi iwoyo. .

Zvinodzidzisa kuenzanisa mhinduro dzeGinowan City Council, Iyo Okinawan prefecture, iyo Marine Corps Kuisirwa Pacific, Okinawa, uye hurumende yeJapan.

Musi waGunyana 8th, iyo Ginowan City Council yakagamuchira chisungo ichiti yaive "Hasha" nemauto eUS ekurasa mvura yakasvibiswa. Guta rakanga rambokumbira maMarines kuti arege kurasira huturu muhutsanana tsvina. Chisarudzo chakadaidzira mauto eUS kuti achinje mafomu ekudzimisa moto asina PFAS uye akakumbira mauto eUS kuti apise zvinhu. Chisarudzo cheguta chakati kuburitswa kwemakemikari "kunoratidza kusaremekedza zvachose vanhu veguta rino." Meya weGinowan Masanori Matsugawa akati, "Zvinosuruvarisa zvikuru nekuti kuburitswa kwemvura kwakashaya hanya nevagari vemunharaunda vasati vabvisa zvinonetsa zvavo" kubva muchiitiko chegore rapfuura. Gavhuna weOkinawa, Denny Tamaki anoti iye inoda kusvika kune iyo Futenma base kuitisa yakazvimirira kuyedza.

Mauto eUS akapindura danho rekanzuru yeguta zuva raitevera nekutenderera a kuburitswa kwenhau nemusoro wenyaya unotevera:

Marine Corps Kuisirwa Pacific Kubvisa
Ese Aqueous Firimu Kugadzira Foam (AFFF) paOkinawa

Chinyorwa chechikamu chekuparadzira kwemauto chinoti Marine Corps "apedza kubvisa vese Nhaka "Aqueous Firimu Kugadzira Foam (AFFF) kubva kumisasa yeMarine Corps nekuiswa kuOkinawa." VaMarines vakatsanangura kuti mafuro aive nePFOS nePFOA aive atumirwa kuenda kumaodzanyemba kweJapan kuti apiswe. Iyo mafuro akatsiviwa "nefuro nyowani inosangana nezvinodiwa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro uye ichiri kupa mabhenefiti akafanana ekuponesa hupenyu kana paita moto. Ichi chiito chinoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yezvakatipoteredza inounzwa nePFOS nePFOA kuOkinawa uye ndeimwe ratidziro chaiyo yekujekesa kweMCIPAC uye kuzvipira kwayo kwakasimba mukutarisira kwezvakatipoteredza. "

Iyo DOD yakabvisa mafuri anopisa moto ane PFOS uye PFOA kubva kumahofisi ayo eUS makore akati wandei apfuura ivo vachiri kungoita izvozvi, pasi pekumanikidzwa, kuOkinawa. Mapofu matsva ePFAS anogona kusanganisira iyo PFHxS inowanikwa mumvura yeOkinawa, zvakare zvine chepfu. Iyo DOD inoramba kuburitsa chaizvo izvo makemikari ePFAS aripo mumaputi ayo ekudzimisa moto, nekuti "makemikari iruzivo rwekugadzira rwemugadziri."

PFHxS inozivikanwa yekukonzeresa neuronal cell kufa uye yanga ichibatanidzwa ne kutanga kuenda kumwedzi uye nekutarisa kushomeka / kusagadzikana kwehutano muvana.

VaOkinawans vakatsamwa; maMarines ari kunyepa, nepo hurumende yeJapan ichigutsikana. Yoshihide Suga, Prime Minister weJapan, akadaro hurumende yeJapan, vakaita ongororo yakakwana yechiitiko ichi. Vati hurumende yeJapan iri kukurudzira mauto eUS kutsiva mafomu ekudzimisa moto ane PFOS. Hapana chimwe.

Kuti vadzokerezve, maAmerican akataura 2.7 ppt yePFAS mune tsvina yetsvina nepo veOkinawans vakawana ka274 zvakapetwa huwandu uhu mumvura yemupombi. VaOkinawans vanobatwa pakati pebwe uye nenzvimbo yakaoma.

Nyeredzi uye mitsetse yakashuma munaGunyana 20th iyo hurumende yeJapan yakabvuma kutora "kurasa" kwemvura yakasviba yaFutenma. Hurumende yakabvuma kubhadhara madhora zviuru mazana masere nemazana masere nemakumi mashanu ekupisa zvinhu izvi. Mauto eUS anotiza kururamisira.

Gavhuna Tamaki akadana budiriro iyi nhanho kumberi.

Kupisa harisi danho rekumberi! Hurumende yeJapan nevakuru veOkinawan zviri pachena kuti havazivi nezve njodzi dzinowanikwa mukutsva kwePFAS. Iko hakuna humbowo hwesainzi hwekuti kupisa kunoparadza makemikari anouraya mumuputi wekudzimisa moto. Vazhinji vanopisira moto havakwanise kusvika kumatembiricha akakosha kuti vaparadze fluorine-kabhoni chisungo hunhu hwePFAS. Idzi ndidzo, shure kwezvose, moto wekudzimisa moto.

Iyo EPA inoti  haina chokwadi kana PFAS yaparadzwa kuburikidza nekupisa. Iwo tembiricha inodiwa kuparadza makomponi inopfuura tembiricha inosvika neanenge ese anopisa.

Musi waGunyana 22nd Imba yeVamiriri veUS yakapa chinogadziridzwa kuFiscal Year 2022 National Defense Authorization Act iyo inogadza kumisa kupiswa kwePFAS. Chiyero chichavhoterwa neSeneti sezvo ichifunga muhomwe yemari hombe.

Gavhuna Tamaki, wanga uri mukuru pane izvi! Ndokumbirawo mugadzirise zvinyorwa. Izvo zvinopisa zvinosasa kufa chinyararire pamusoro pedzimba dzeJapan nemapurazi.

Vanoratidzira muOkinawa vanoita basa rakakosha mukuumba rondedzero. Kusiyana nehurumende, mupepanhau mukuru anonyatsorondedzera meseji yavo. Ivo havasati vadzingwa senge riff raff mumugwagwa. Asi, ivo vanozivikanwa senge yepamutemo magetsi magetsi iwo makosi kuburikidza nevegari vemo.

 Mutsamba yekuratidzira yakanyorerwa Gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa neJapan neOkinawan Defense Bureau, vamiririri veYoshiyasu Iha, Kunitoshi Sakurai, Hideko Tamanaha, naNaomi Machida weKomiti Yekubatanidza Kuchengetedza Hupenyu hwevagari vemo kubva kuOrganic Fluorocarbon Kusvibisa inoita zvido zvitatu:

1. Kukumbira ruregerero kubva kumauto eUS pamhosva dzayo dzezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya kuburitsa nemaune mvura yakasvibiswa nePFAS mumigwagwa yeruzhinji.

2. Kurumidza kuferefetwa panzvimbo kuti uone panobva kusvibiswa.

3. Kurapa kwese uye mutengo wekubvisa mvura yakashatiswa yePFAS kubva kuFutenma base inofanira kutakurwa nemauto eU.S.

 Bata: Toshio Takahashi chilongi@nirai.ne.jp

Zvatiri kupupura muOkinawa zviri kuitika pasi rese, kunyangwe vazhinji vasingazive nezvenyaya iyi inonetsa yehutano nekuda kweruzhinji rwevatori venhau. Izvi zvave kutanga kuchinja.