Yakanyorwa naRobert Fantina
Mashoko aripo #NoWar2016
Takanzwa kare nhasi nezve rusaruraganda uye kuti rinotamba sei mukukunda uye kushandiswa kwenyika dzeAfrica, tichitarisa mamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa muDemocratic Republic of Congo. Vanhu vokuNorth America havawanzonzwa zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi; kuti kushaikwa kwokushuma, uye iye kuguma kusafarira, pacharo kunoratidza mwero mukuru werusaruraganda. Sei masimba aripo, vezvenhau vemakambani vari pamwe chete nehurumende yeUS, vasina hanya nezverusaruraganda rwuri pachena rwuri kuitika muAfrica, uye kutambura nekufa kwevarume, vakadzi nevana vasingaverengeki? Eya, sezviri pachena, mundangariro dzaavo vanodzora kufamba kwamashoko, vanhu ivavo havana basa. Mushure mezvose, iyo 1% inobatsirwa nekubiwa kubva uye kushandiswa kwevanhu ava, saka mukuona kwavo, hapana chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Uye mhosva idzi dzave dzichiitwa kwemakumi emakore.
Isu takanzwawo nezve Islamophobia, kana kusarura kwevaMuslim. Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kunotyisa kwevanhu muAfrica yose kunonyanya kuregererwa, Islamophobia inogamuchirwa; Mumiriri wemutungamiri webato remaRepublicans, VaDonald Trump, vari kuda kuti maMuslim ose asabuda muAmerica, uye ivo nemutungamiri weDemocratic Alliance, Amai Hillary Clinton, vanoda kuwedzera kubhombwa kwematunhu mazhinji echiMuslim.
Muna Chivabvu wegore rapfuura, varatidziri vanopesana neIslam vakaita kuratidzira muArizona. Sezvaungarangarira, varatidziri vane zvombo vakakomba mosque panguva dzemasevhisi. Kuratidzira uku kwaive nerunyararo, mumwe wevaratidziri akakokwa mumosque, uye mushure mekushanya kwake kwenguva pfupi, akati anga akanganisa nezvevaMuslim. Zivo shoma inoenda kure.
Asi fungidzira, kana uchida, kuita kana boka revaMuslim vane rugare rakatora zvombo ndokukomba chechi yeKaturike mukati meMisa, sinagogi mukati meminamato kana kuti mumwe muKristu upi noupi weimba yokunamatira yechiJudha. Ndinogona kungofungidzira kuverenga kwemuviri, nevose vakabatwa vari maMuslim.
Saka, kuurayiwa kwevaAfrica nevamiriri vemakambani, uye kwevaMuslim zvakananga nehurumende yeUS: ichi chitsva? Aya marongero ehumhondi ndechimwe chinhu chichangobva kurota neMutungamiri Barack Obama? Zvakaoma, asi ini handitore nguva yekutsanangura maitiro anotyisa eUS kubva pakuvambwa kwayo, asi ini ndichakurukura mashoma.
Vanhu vokuEurope vepakutanga pavakasvika kuNorth America, vakawana nyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Sezvineiwo, yakagarwa nemamiriyoni evanhu. Zvakadaro mumeso evatorwa ava vekutanga, vagari veko vaingova utsinye. Mushure mekunge makoroni azivisa rusununguko, hurumende yeFederal yakatema kuti yaizotonga zvese zve'maIndia'. Vagari vomunzvimbomo, avo vakanga vararama kubvira kare vachitarisira zvinhu zvavo vamene, vakanga zvino vaizotarisirwa navanhu vaida ivhu ravaivimba naro nokuda kwokuvapo kwavo kumene.
Rondedzero yezvibvumirano zvakaitwa nehurumende yeUS nevagari vemo uye ikatyora, dzimwe nguva mukati memazuva mashoma, yaizotora mavhoriyamu kune zvakadzama. Asi zvishoma zvachinja mumakore mazana maviri apfuura. MaNative Americanans nhasi vachiri kubhinywa, vachiri kuramba vakachengetwa, uye vachiri kutambura pasi pehutongi hwehurumende. Hazvishamise kuti bato reBlack Lives Matter rakagashira chikonzero chevagari vemo, pari zvino chinoonekwa mukutsigira kwaro kweNoDAPL (hapana Dakota Access Pipeline) chirongwa. Varatidziri vePalestine munyika iyoyo, iyo zvakare iri kutambura pasi peruoko rwunorema rwerusarura rweUS, uye bato reBlack Lives Matter, vanopa rutsigiro. Zvichida kupfuura nakare kose, mapoka akasiyana anoona kushandiswa kweUS ari kuwirirana kuti awane zvinangwa zvekururamisira.
Ndisati ndadzokera kune yakapfupikiswa litany yemhosva dzeUS kurwisa vanhu, ndinoda kutaura izvo zvinonzi 'kushaikwa kwevakadzi vachena's syndrome. Chimbofunga kwekanguva, kana uchida, nezvevakadzi vakashaika vawakanzwa vachishumwa nezvavo panhau. Elizabeth Smart naLacey Peterson vaviri vanouya mupfungwa dzangu. Kune vamwe vashoma vane zviso zvandinoona mupfungwa dzangu kubva munhau dzakasiyana-siyana, uye dzose dzakachena. Apo vakadzi vemavara vanonyangarika, kune zvishoma kushuma. Zvakare, tinofanira kufunga nezverusarura rweavo vanodzora nhepfenyuro dzemakambani. Kana hupenyu hwevaAfrica muAfrica husina zvahunoreva kana kukosha kwavari, nei hupenyu hwevakadzi vedzinza reAfrica huchifanira kuve nechero muUS? Uye kana maIndia ekuAmerica achishandiswa zvakakwana, nei vakadzi vasipo vachifanira kukwevera ngwariro ipi neipi?
Uye tichiri kukurukura nezvehupenyu izvo, mumaziso ehurumende yeUS, zvinoita sezvisina zvazvinoreva, ngatitaure nezvevarume vatema vasina pfuti. MuUS, ivo sezviri pachena vanoshanda senzira yekunangwa yemapurisa echena, anovauraya pasina chimwe chikonzero kunze kwerudzi rwavo, uye vanozviita vasina mhosva. Ndiri kuona kuti mukuru weTulsa akapfura nekuuraya Terrance Crutcher ari kupomerwa mhosva yekuuraya munhu. Nei mhosva isiri yekutanga dhigirii rekuuraya, handizive, asi zvirinani ari kupomerwa. Asi zvakadini nemhondi dzaMichael Brown, Eric Garner, Carl Nivins nevamwe vakawanda vasina mhosva? Nei vachibvumirwa kufamba vakasununguka?
Asi ngatidzokere parusaruraganda muhondo.
Mukupera kwema1800, mushure mekunge US yatora Philippines, William Howard Taft, akazove purezidhendi weUS, akagadzwa kuva gavhuna mukuru wePhilippine. Akataura nezvevanhu vekuPhilippines se 'vanun'una vake vebrown'. Major General Adna R. Chaffee, ariwo muPhilippine ane mauto eUnited States, akatsanangura vanhu vomuPhilippines seizvi: “Tiri kubata neboka revanhu vane unhu hunyengeri, vanovenga zvachose rudzi rwevachena uye vanoona upenyu sehwohwu. kukosha kushoma uye, pakupedzisira, asingazozviisi pasi pesimba redu kutozosvikira akundwa zvachose uye arohwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. "
IUS inogara ichitaura nezvekukunda mwoyo nepfungwa dzevanhu vane nyika yairi kurwisa. Asi vanhu vePhilippines, seVietnamese 70 makore gare gare, uye maIraqi 30 makore mushure meizvozvo, vaifanira 'kuzviisa pasi pekutonga kweUS'. Zvakaoma kukunda mwoyo nepfungwa dzevanhu vauri kuuraya.
Asi, 'vanun'una vaTaft's 'vadiki vebrown' vaifanira kurohwa kuti vazviise pasi.
Muna 1901, anenge makore matatu muhondo, kuurayiwa kwaBalangiga kwakaitika panguva yeSamar campaign. Muguta reBalangiga, pachitsuwa cheSamar, maPhilippines akashamisa maAmerica mukurwisa kwakauraya mauto makumi mana eUS. Ikozvino, US inoremekedza mauto eUS anonzi ari kudzivirira 'nyika yekumusha', asi haina hanya neayo akabatwa. Mukutsividza, Brigadier General Jacob H. Smith akarayira kuti munhu wose weguta ane makore anopfuura gumi aurayiwe. Akati: “Urayai nokupisa, urayai nokupisa; paunowedzera kuuraya uye paunowedzera kupisa, ndipo paunowedzera kundifadza.[1] Pakati pe2,000 3,000 neXNUMX XNUMX vokuPhilippines, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vose vomuSamar, vakafa mukupondwa uku.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika I, makumi ezviuru zveAfrica-America vakapinda, uye vakaratidza ushingi uye ushingi. Paiva nekutenda kuti, vakamira padivi nepadivi nevachena vavaigara navo, vachishandira nyika yavakanga vagara vari vaviri, kwaizoberekwa kuenzana kwemarudzi.
Zvisinei, izvi zvaisafanira kuva zvakadaro. Munguva yese yehondo, hurumende yeUS nemauto aitya mhedzisiro yemauto eAfrica eAmerica aitora vakasununguka mutsika dzechiFrench. Vakayambira maFrench kuti vasadyidzane neveAfrica America uye vakaparadzira nhema dzerusarura. Izvi zvaisanganisira kupomera zvenhema masoja eAfrica-America kubata chibharo vakadzi vechichena.
MaFrench, zvisinei, haana kuratidzika kufadzwa nekuedza kwekunyepedzera kweUS kurwisa maAfrica-America. Kusiyana neUS, iyo isina kupa simbi kune chero musoja weAfrica-America akashanda muHondo Yenyika I kusvika makore mushure mehondo, uyezve mushure mekufa, maFrance akapa mazana ematare ayo akakosha uye ane mukurumbira, kumauto eAfrica-America nekuda kuedza kwavo kwehugamba hunoshamisa.[2]
MuHondo Yenyika II, hazvigoni kurambwa kuti uto reGermany rakaita hutsinye husingatauriki. Asi, muUS, yakanga isiri hurumende chete yaishoropodzwa. Ruvengo kune vese veGerman rwakakurudzirwa mumanovhero, mafirimu nemapepanhau.
Vagari vemuUS havafarire kufunga zvakanyanya nezvemisasa yevasungwa yevaJapan-America. Kamwe Pearl Harbor yakabhombwa uye US yakapinda muhondo, vagari vese vekuJapan muUS, kusanganisira vagari vakaberekerwa, vaifungirwa. "Mushure mekurwisa, mutemo wemauto wakaziviswa uye nhengo dzinotungamira dzenzanga yeJapan America dzakasungwa.
Mabatiro avaiita akanga asiri emunhu.
"Hurumende payakafunga kutamisa maJapan ekuAmerica, havana kungodzingwa kubva kudzimba dzavo nenharaunda dziri kuWest Coast uye vakaunganidzwa semombe, asi vakamanikidzwa kugara munzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa mhuka kwemavhiki uye kunyange mwedzi vasati vatamiswa. kokupedzisira.' Dzakapfigirwa mumatanga, mijaho, matanga emombe panzvimbo dze fairground, dzakatombogariswa kwenguva yakati mumatanga enguruve akachinjwa. Apo ivo pakupedzisira vakasvika kumisasa yechibharo, vangawana kuti zviremera zvokurapa zvehurumende zvakaedza kuvadzivisa kugamuchira kurapwa kana kuti, somuArkansas, vakaramba kubvumidza vanachiremba kupa zvitupa zvehurumende kuvana vakaberekerwa mumisasa, sokunge kuti kuramba. vacheche'' kuvapo kwepamutemo,' tisingatauri nezvevanhu vavo. Gare gare, pakasvika nguva yokutanga kuvabudisa mumisasa, mirangariro yorusaruraganda kazhinji kazhinji yakadzivisa kugariswa kwavo patsva.”[3]
Sarudzo yekupindira maJapan-America yaive nezvikonzero zvakawanda, zvese zvakavakirwa mukusarura. California Attorney General Earl Warren aive, pamwe, aive nemukurumbira pakati pavo. Musi waKukadzi 21, 1942, akapa humbowo kuDare Rinoongorora Kutama Kwedziviriro Yenyika, achiratidza ruvengo rukuru kuvanhu vekuJapan vakaberekerwa kunze kwenyika uye vekuAmerica. Ndichataura chikamu cheuchapupu hwake:
"Tinotenda kuti kana tichinge tichibata nerudzi rweCaucasus tine nzira dzinoedza kuvimbika kwavo, uye tinotenda kuti tinogona, mukubata nemaGerman nemaItalian, kusvika kune dzimwe mhedziso dzakanaka nekuda kweruzivo rwedu. mararamiro avanoita munharaunda uye vagara kwemakore akawanda. Asi patinobata nemaJapan tiri mundima yakasiyana zvachose uye hatigoni kuumba pfungwa ipi neipi yatinodavira kuti yakanaka. Mararamiro avo, mutauro wavo, ndiwo unopa dambudziko iri. Ndaive pamwe chete mazuva gumi apfuura nezvemagweta makumi mana ematunhu uye vangangosvika makumi mana masheriff muHurumende kuti tikurukure nezve dambudziko iri, ndakavabvunza vese… nyika ino. Mhinduro vakatenderana kuti hapana mashoko akadaro akanga ambopihwa kwavari.
“Zvino, izvo zvinenge zvisingadaviriki. Munoona, kana tichibata nevatorwa vekuGerman, kana tichibata nevatorwa vekuItaly, tine vazhinji vanozivisa vanoshungurudzira kubatsira ... zviremera kugadzirisa dambudziko iri rekunze."[4]
Ndapota yeuka kuti murume uyu akazova Mutongi Mukuru weDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States kwemakore 16.
Handei mberi zvino kuVietnam.
Aya mafungire eUS ekuderera kwevanhu veVietnamese, uye nekudaro, kugona kuvabata sepasi-vanhu, kwaigara muVietnam, asi pamwe kwairatidzwa pachena panguva yeMy Lai Massacre. Musi waKurume 16, 1968, pakati pe347 ne504 vanhu vasina zvombo vakaurayiwa muSouth Vietnam vachitungamirwa naSecond Lieutenant William Calley. Vakaurayiwa, kunyanya vakadzi, vana - kusanganisira vacheche - nevakwegura, vakaurayiwa zvakaipisisa uye miviri yavo yakachekwa. Vazhinji vevakadzi vakabatwa chibharo. Mubhuku rake, Nhoroondo Yepedyo yeKuuraya: Kutarisana-Kutarisana-Kutarisana muHondo Yemakore Makumi maviri, Joanna Bourke akataura izvi: “Rusaruro rwakanga rwuri pakati chaipo pemauto…uye, muchirevo cheVietnam, Calley aipomerwa mhosva yokuponda ‘vanhu vekuMabvazuva’ achironga kwete ‘vanhu,’ uye pasina mubvunzo, varume vaiuraya vanhu vokuMabvazuva. vaiita utsinye vaiva nerusaruro rwakanyanya pamusoro pevakaitirwa utsinye. Calley akayeuka kuti pakusvika kuVietnam pfungwa yake huru yaive 'Ndini muAmerica mukuru kubva mhiri kwegungwa. Ndichaisa soso kuvanhu ava vari pano.’”[5] “Kunyange Michael Bernhard (uyo akaramba kutora rutivi mukupondwa kwacho) akati nezveshamwari dzake paMy Lai: ‘Vazhinji vevanhu ivavo vaisazofunga kuuraya munhu. Ndinoreva murungu – munhu.’”[6] Sajeni Scott Camil akataura kuti “Zvakanga zvisina kuita sekuti vaive vanhu. Vaive gook kana Commie uye zvaive zvakanaka. "[7]
Mumwe murwi akazvitaura neiyi nzira: 'Zvakanga zviri nyore kuvauraya mapfumo. Vakanga vasiri vanhu, vaive vakaderera pane mhuka.[8]
Saka aya ndiwo mauto eUS ari kushanda, achitenderera pasirese, achiparadzira chimiro chayo chinoshamisa chedemocracy kumarudzi asingafungidzire ayo, pamberi pekupindira kweUS, aizvitonga zvakanaka. Inotsigira hutongi hwechisarura hweIsrael, sezviri pachena ichiona kutambura kwakaipisisa kwePalestine muchiedza chakafanana sezvainoona kutambura kweAfrica America kana maNative America muUS: zvisingakodzeri kutariswa. Inokurudzira mazwi akadai sekuti 'kamera jockey' kana 'raghead', kuzvidza varwi verusununguko mumarenje eMiddle East. Uye nguva yese inozvizivisa sechivheneko cherusununguko uye democracy, ngano isingatendwe zvakanyanya kunze kwemiganhu yayo.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero tiri pano kupera kwevhiki; kuendesa mberi pfungwa huru yatinogona kurarama mairi world beyond war, uye pasina rusaruraganda rusingatauriki runogara rwuri chikamu charwo.
Ndatenda.
[1] Philip Shabecoff Recto, The Philippines Reader: Nhoroondo yeColonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship, uye Resistance., (South End Press, 1999), 32.
[2] http://www.bookrags.com/research/african-americans-world-war-i-aaw-03/.
[3] Kenneth Paul O'Brien naLynn Hudson Parsons, Hondo Yepamba-Kumberi: Hondo Yenyika II uye American Society, (Praeger, 1995), 21.Con
[4] ST Joshi, Zvinyorwa zveKusarura kweAmerica: An Anthology Yezvinyorwa paRace kubva kuna Thomas Jefferson kuenda kuna David Duke., (Basic Books, 1999), 449-450.
[5] Joanna Bourke, Nhoroondo Yepedyo yeKuuraya: Kutarisana-Kutarisana-Kutarisana muHondo Yemakore Makumi maviri, (Basic Books, 2000), Peji 193.
[6] Sajeni Scott Camil, Iyo Chando Soldier Investigation. Kubvunza muAmerican WarCrimes, (Beacon Press, 1972) 14.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Joel Osler Brende naErwin Randolph Parson, Vietnam Veterans: Mugwagwa weKudzoreredza, (Plenum Pub Corp, 1985), 95.
