IWhite House, Dhipatimendi reNyika uye nevakuru vePentagon vanochengeta kuti kurwiswa kwakaitwa drone kunovavarira kurwisa magandanga eAl-Qaeda munyika idzi uye kupwanya nhare dzawo; zvisinei, zviverengero zvinoratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu vakawirwa nenjodzi dzeMotokari Dzisina Kutamiswa dzakatumirwa kudunhu iri vanhuwo zvavo. Bureau ye Investigative Journalism ichangoburitsa pachena kuti pakati pe2004 ne2015, kwave ne418 drone kurwiswa nePakistan chete, zvichikonzera kuurayiwa kwe2,460 kune vanhu ve3,967, kusanganisira vanhu vangangoita 423. Ndipo apo mamwe masosi akaisa huwandu hwevakakuvara muPakistan panguva ye11-gore nguva ku962.
Mumiriri weAmerican anorwira runyararo uye anotaurira Fars News Agency kuti zano reDrone raisava mhosva yavakaita Mutungamiri Bush, asi yaive mhosva "yaakapengera uye Mutungamiriri Obama vakasimudzira."
Sekureva kwa58 ane makore, Brian Terrell, hurumende yeUS haisi kungopomera hupenyu husina mhosva kuburikidza nekurohwa, asi nekuisa pangozi kuchengetedzeka kwayo nekusvibisa nzvimbo yayo yeruzhinji.
"Chokwadi icho chinonzi kurohwa neUS ichishandiswa kunyora Al-Qaeda inhau dzakanaka kune vehondo, kunyange zvichityisa kune chero munhu ari kufarira kuchengetedzwa kweUS nerunyararo uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzavari kuitika ," akati.
"Panzvimbo pekugadzira zvombo kuitira kuti varwe hondo, US iri kurwa hondo kuti igadzire zvimwe zvombo," akadaro Terrell.
Brian Terrell anogara uye anoshanda papurazi diki mu Maloy, Iowa. Akafamba kumatunhu mazhinji pasirese kuti zviitwe paruzhinji kutaura zviitiko, kusanganisira muEurope, Latin America, uye Korea. Akoshanyirawo Palestine, Bahrain, neIraq uye akadzoka kubva kushanya kwake kwechipiri kuAfghanistan munaFebruary apfuura. Iye anoshanda ari mubatsiri weVoices for Creative Asiri-Mhirizhonga uye murongi wechiitiko cheNevada Desert Zvakaitika.
FNA yakataura kuna Mr. Terrell nezve hurongwa hwemauto eUnited States nemaitiro ayo nezvematambudziko akaitika kuMiddle East, kurwiswa kwakaitwa drone uye nhoroondo ye "Hondo paNhamo." Iyi inotevera izere chikamu chebvunzurudzo.
Q: Kurwiswa kwakaitwa USone muPakistan, Somalia neYemeni kwakauraya vanhu vazhinji kwazvo munyika idzi, kunyangwe zvichiratidzwa kuti nhandare dzedrone dzinovavarira kunanga nzvimbo dzeAl-Qaeda. Hurumende yeUS yakakwanisa here kuzadzisa ichi chinangwa kuburikidza nekutumira madomasi asina kugadziriswa kunzvimbo idzi dzakatotambura uye dzakashomeka?
A: Kana zvinangwa zveUS drone zvibodzwa zvaive chaizvo kuparadza Al-Qaeda uye kuunza kugadzikana kumatunhu ari kurwiswa, ipapo Drone mushandirapamwe waizoda kubvumwa kutadza. Nabeel Khoury, mutevedzeri mukuru wemamishinari muYemen kubva ku2004 kuenda ku2007, akataura kuti "zvakapihwa nyika yeYemen, US inogadzira vavengi vangangoita makumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu veAQAP [al Qaeda muArabia Peninsula] inourayiwa nemadomoni" fungidziro iyi yakagovaniswa nevakawanda vaimbove mabaptist nevatungamiriri vemauto vane ruzivo mudunhu.
Asati pamudyandigere mu1960, Mutungamiri weUS, Eisenhower akanyevera nezve kubuda kwe "vekune vemauto-vemaindasitiri." Mari inowanikwa nevemasangano akazvimirira mukugadzira zvombo yakawedzera kubva mukusaenzana neupfumi uye akanyevera. kuti izvi zvinopa kukurudzira kumutsa kukakavara. Kubva panguva iyoyo, iyo purofiti yakawedzera pamwe chete nekushandura kwehukama pamabatiro esarudzo uye hutongi hwejekerere pamusoro pezvenhau. Mutungamiri Eisenhower vanotya ramangwana ndozvinoitika nhasi.
Panzvimbo pekugadzira zvombo kuitira kuti varwe hondo, iyo US ikozvino iri kurwa hondo kuti igadzire zvimwe zvombo. Icho chokwadi icho US drone yakarova chinhu chekunyorera yeAl-Qaeda inhau dzakanaka dzevakarwa hondo, kunyangwe zvichityisa kune chero munhu ari kufarira kuchengetedzeka kweUS uye rugare uye kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzavari kuitika.
MunaFebruary wegore rino, semuenzaniso, iyo US Navy's US $ 122.4 mamirioni akagadziridzwa kuRaytheon Missile Systems Co kuti atenge zvinopfuura 100 Tomahawk makomba ekutsiva iwo akadzingwa muSiria akapembererwa munhau uye nenhengo dzeCongress zvisinei nezve hutsika, hwepamutemo kana hurongwa hwekuita kweizvozvo kurwisa. Kururamisira chete kunodiwa pakurwisa uku, zvinoita sekuti vanotengesa zvikwapuro.
Mubvunzo: Muna Gumiguru 2013, boka renyika kuUnited Nations, richitungamirwa neBrazil, China neVenezuela, rakaratidzira zviri pamutemo richipokana nekutumirwa kwemauto emuchadenga nemauto akazvimirira nehutongi hwaObama. Iyo gakava kuUN yaive nguva yekutanga apo mashandisiro emashandisirwo eUS nendege dziri kure uye mutengo wazvo wevanhu zvakakurukurwa pasirese. Christof Heyns, mutori wenhau anokosha weUN pamusoro pekusarongeka, pfupiso kana kuuraya zvisina tsarukano akayambira nezvekuwanda kweUAVs pakati penyika nemapoka emagandanga. Ndeapi mafungiro ako kune ino gakava ririkuenderera maererano nezvepamutemo hwaro hwekushandisa drones uye nenyaya yekuti nharaunda yepasi rose yatanga kutaura kupokana neiyi tsika ine ngozi?
A: Nyika yega yega inoshandisa magweta kuti vape kururamisa kwezviitiko zvehurumende iyoyo, zvisinei nekuti yakakura sei, asi hapana gakava rechokwadi pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwekushandiswa kwemadroni kurwisa kana kuongorora pamusoro penyika dzisina US kuhondo. Bumbiro remutemo nderekuti pamberi pesimba rinouraya rinogona kushandiswa kumunhu asiri kurwa panhandare yehondo, rinofanirwa kuvezwa kuti "anokanganisa dambudziko rechisimba 'kuAmerican." Izvi zvinogona kupa chikanganiso Kufunga kuti kanenge iko kuedza kunoitwa kuitisa chirongwa cheDrone mukuteerera mutemo wepasi rose.
MunaFebruary 2013, zvakadaro, Dhipatimendi reJustice reWhite Justice Pepa, "Mutemo weChisimba Chekuita wakanangana nemugari weU.S. Ari Mutungamiriri Mukuru weAl-Qa'ida kana Anobatanidzwa." uye kutsanangurwa kwakanyanya kweshoko rekuti "kusvika." "Kutanga," inodaro, "mamiriro ekuti mutungamiri anoshanda achapa tarisiro yekurwiswa nechisimba neUnited States hazvidi kuti United States ive nehungwaru hwakajeka hwekuti kurwiswa chaiko kwevanhu vemuUS uye zvido zvichaitika munguva inotevera. ”
Chinzvimbo chehurumende yeUS ndechekuti inogona kuuraya chero munhu chero kupi zvawo kana kuzivikanwa kwake kuchizivikanwa kana kwete, kana avo "maitiro emufambiro" kana "siginecha" ichienderana neiyo yemumwe munhu angangoita kutyisidzira chero nguva mune ramangwana. . "Siginicha" yekutyisidzira kuri kuuya "murume ari pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi mana," anodaro aimbova mumiriri weUS kuPakistan, Cameron Munter. "Manzwiro angu murwi wemurume mumwe ndewemumwe murume - hazvo, shasha yakaenda kumusangano." Mumwe mukuru weDhipatimendi reHurumende akambotaurwa achiti apo CIA painoona "varume vatatu vachiita zvekusvetuka," sangano rinofunga kuti ndizvo musasa wekudzidzisa magandanga.
Izvo zviri pachena kuti hapana rutsigiro rwepamutemo kune chirevo chekuti kuuraya uku zviito zviri pamutemo zvehondo. Mauto paanoshanda zvisiri pamutemo, igangwanda kana mhomho. Kunyangwe vakawirwa nedrone kurwiswa vachizivikanwa uye vachinyatsozivikanwa - izvi hazviwanzo kuitika - kana kufungira nekuda kwehunhu hwavo kana "kukuvara kwechibvumirano," varume, vakadzi nevana vakaurawa vasingazivi, izvi hazvisi zvinopfuura kurova kwechikwata kana kurovera nekupfura. Kana mhomho isina mutemo ikauraya mumwe munhu nekuda kwekufungidzirwa kwekuita zvisirizvo pasina kutongwa, zvino zvinonzi lynching. Pakati pekutyorwa kwakaipisisa kwemitemo nemitero yevanhu ndeyekuita "kurova kaviri," uko madhiraoni anomira pamusoro peavo vakaurayiwa vobva varova vekutanga kupindura vanouya kuzobatsira vakakuvadzwa nevakafa, zvichitevera pfungwa yekuti chero munhu anouya rubatsiro rwemumwe munhu aitevera maitiro anonyumwira maitiro arikutoteedzerwo fungidziro yemafambiro
Imwezvezvezve mhosva yekutyisidzira chirongwa ichi inyaya yekuti kazhinji kurwiswa kunoitwa nenhengo dzehondo yemauto pazvirairo zveCIA, nekupfuura neketuru rechairo rekuraira.
Sekufambiswa neUS, madimoni arikuratidzira kuve sosi yezvombo isina kana chisingakwanisi kuzvidzivirira nayo, inobatsira kuurayiwa, asi "isina basa munzvimbo inokwikwidzwa," akabvuma mukuru weAir Force's Air Combat Command makore maviri apfuura. Zvinogona kupokana kuti kunyange kuve nezvombo zvakadaro hazvisi pamutemo.
Uku kuuraya anongova mhondi. Iwo mabasa okutyisa. Imhosva. Zvinogutsa kuti vamwe munharaunda dzepasi rose uye muUS vari kutaura vachiedza kuzvipedza.
Q: Ben Emmerson, mubatiri akasarudzika weUN pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu uye zvehugandanga zvakaonekwa mumushumo wekuti muna Gumiguru 2013, pakanga paine kurohwa kwe33 kwakaitwa neUnited States, izvo zvakakonzera kuurayiwa kukuru kwevazhinji mukutyora mutemo wepasi rose. Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose nemiviri yaro inobatana inokwanisa here kubata United States ichizvidavirira, kana kuti kuri kuti mutemo wenyika dzese haufanire kucherechedzwa panhau iyi chaiyo?
A: Uyu mubvunzo unokosha, handiti? Kana US isina kupihwa mhosva pamusoro pemhosva dzayo, ndeipi kuvimba iyo UN nemamwe masangano epasi rese? Mutemo wepasi rese ungashandiswa sei kune chero nyika?
Iyo tekinoroji ye drone inobvumira mhosva dzehondo kuti dzibve pakati pevagari vemuAmerican- kana vanhu vari muYemen, Pakistan kana Afghanistan, vapari vemhosva vari pano pamba uye kuvamisa kunoitawo basa rekutevedzera mutemo wepanzvimbo. Chikamu Chakakwirira cheChinyorwa VI cheBumbiro reU.S. chinoti: “… zvibvumirano zvese zvakagadzirwa, kana zvichaitwa, pasi pesimba reUnited States, ichave Mutemo wepamusoro-soro weNyika; uye Vatongi mudunhu rega rega vachasungwa neizvozvo, chero chinhu muBumbiro renyika kana Mitemo yenyika chero zvichipesana zvisinei. "Ini ndasungwa ndichiita zvekupokana nekuratidzira kumatunhu ekushandira vanhu muNevada, New York neMissouri uye hapana mutongi akambotonga vakatarisa kuti zviitwa izvozvo zvine chikonzero senzira yekumisa mhosva kuti isapiwe. Asati anditemera mwedzi mitanhatu mutirongo nekuda kwekutyora mhosva, mumwe mutongi wemubatanidzwa akatonga, "Dunhu remunyika rinogara richisheedzera mutemo wenyika!"
Kubvumira US kuti ibve nekuuraya kunokanganisa ruzhinji runyararo uye kuchengetedzeka kumba pamwe nekune dzimwe nyika.
Q: Vamwe vakuru veUN vakayambira kuti tekinoroji iri kushandiswa zvisirizvo senge nzira ye “mapurisa epasi rose”. Hurumende yeUS yakawedzera mashandiro ayo edhisone mumakore achangopfuura ndokutora motokari dzayo ndege dzisina kuenda kunzvimbo dzakadai seIraq, Libya neGaza Strip. Kunyangwe pakave nezviitiko zvekuti maAmerican drones akabhururuka pamusoro peIran nzvimbo yemhepo. Izvo zviito zvakadaro hazvizogadziri kusavimbana pakati peUnited States pamwe nenyika dziri mudunhu idzo nyika dzadzo dzakarwiswa?
A: Pfungwa dzerudzi rupi nerupi rwuri kutora chinzvimbo che "mapurisa epasi rose" dziri kunetseka mukati mayo, zvakatonyanya kana nyika iyoyo yakaratidza kusakwana kwekutonga kwemutemo sezvakaitwa neUS. Drone inorova, Guantanamo, Abu Ghraib, kushungurudza, kuyedza zvombo zvenyukireya munzvimbo dzechibvumirano, vese vanodana mubvunzo weUS basa remapurisa epasi rose.
Iyo US inochengetedza pasi rose zvakafanana nekuwedzera ipolisi dzayo migwagwa. Nyaya dzehurumende yemubatanidzwa dzinorwisa zvombo, kunyange mota dzakavezwa nematangi, kumapurisa emunharaunda mumaguta makuru uye madiki uye mapurisa anodzidziswa kuona vanhu vavanofanirwa kunge vachidzivirira uye kushanda sevavengi.
Nechepasi pe5% yehuwandu hwepasirese, iyo US iwedzere kupfuura 25% yevasungwa vepasi uye huwandu hwevasungwa hunogadzirwa zvisingaite nevanhu vevara. Mapurisa emu US anowanzo sunga uye vese vanowanzouraya vagari vekuAmerican mumigwagwa yeAmerica zvichibva pane "kusarudzana vanhu," inongova nyaya ye "siginecha." Majaya ehumwe huwandu hwevanhu anogona kuurayiwa zvichienderana ne “maitiro avo. zvemaitiro ”muBaltimore senge muWaziristan.
Chikamu chikuru chemauto akasara eUS mauto uye makondirakiti muAfghanistan varipo kuzodzidzisa mapurisa eAfghan! Iko kusagadzikana kweizvi kunogona kurasika pane veAmerican, asi kwete paruzhinji rwenyika.
Q: Ongororo yapfuura inoratidza kuti 74% yePakistanis, kunyanya zvichitevera kuwanda kwekurohwa kweDrone pasi peMutungamiri Obama, tarisa United States semuvengi. Apa ndipo apo hurumende yePakistan iri kubatana neUnited States muchirongwa che "War on Terror". Ko kukurudzira kweDrone kune pesero here pamufananidzo weveruzhinji weUnited States munyika inova nyaya yemakoronyera ndege dzisina kufanira?
A: Ichiri kubatana neUS mune "hondo yekutyisa," Pakistan yanga ichiratidzirawo kuratidzira kuuraya kwavakaitwa drone uye vakagara varayira US kuti ivamise. Gore rapfuura, UN yakatora gadziriso, yakaburitswa nePakistan, Yemen neSwitzerland, vachipokana nekurohwa kweDrone, zvikashaya basa. Chinzvimbo chevatariri ndechekuti hurumende muIslamabad inofanira kuudza vanhu vePakistan kuti vari kuramba kurohwa, asi muchivande vanobvumidza. Zvinogona kurevei kuti hurumende ikwanise kupa muchivande mvumo kune chero munhu kuti aite chero chinhu? Zvakadaro, zvimwe, kuti hurumende ipe mvumo kuuto rekunze kuti ashandise matenga kuti auraye vagari vemo kwenguva pfupi? Kunyangwe ichi chiri chokwadi kana kuti chisiri, kuti US ishandise zvakakura mukati mePakistan kupokana nemirayiridzo yakataurwa nehurumende yayo kurwisa hutongi hwePakistan uye kunokanganisa masangano ayo. Ehe, zviitwa izvi zvine simba rakakodzera pane iro reruzhinji mufananidzo weUS munyika dziri pasi pekurova drone uye pasi rese.
Q: Kazhinji, iwe unofungei pamusoro pemutengo wevagari vejekiti yeUSA yeHondo Pamhepo? Iri raive bato rakatangwa neMutungamiriri Bush, uye kunyangwe President Obama vaizvishora panguva yehurukuro dzemutungamiri wenyika ye2007, akaenderera mberi nemaitiro ehumwe, kusanganisira kupindira muchiuto muIraq neAfghanistan uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mhiri kwemakungwa uko vanofungidzirwa kuti vehugandanga. kuchengetwa. Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaObama, vashoropodza “mutemo wekunze wakanangana nepfungwa” asi zvinoita sekunge ari kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvimwe chete. Ndeipi maonero ako pane izvozvo?
A: Mumushandirapamwe we2008, Barack Obama akaudza musangano muIowa, iyo nyika kwandinogara, kuti zvingave zvakakosha "kukwirisa" bhajeti remauto rinodarika marekodhi akagadzwa neBush manejimendi. Mari yekubhadhara bhajeti rine mauto rakatoburwa rinotakurwa nevarombo varombo kunze kwenyika. Nenzira dzinoverengeka, VaObama vakaisaina vasati vasarudzwa kuti aenderere mberi nemamwe marambiro akaipisisa aBush. Iyi mirayiridzo yakanga isiri "kukanganisa" apo Bush akaishandisa, yaive mhosva. Kuchengeta hazvisi zvikanganiso izvozvi.
US haizogadzirisa matambudziko ayo epamba kana kuwana kuchengetedzeka kwemukati, uye haigone kuita chero runyararo murunyararo rwenyika pasingadzoreredze zvayakatangira uye vatevedzera zvakanzi naDr. Martin Luther King "shanduko yakadzama yetsika."
Hurukuro naKourosh Ziabari
