NaPhil Armstrong naCatherine Armstrong, Chikunguru 9, 2020
Kubva kuCounterfire
Izvo zvinonzi nenyika zvinomiririra uye izvo humbowo hunoratidza kuti vanomirira zvinogona - uye kazhinji zviri - zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose. Iri bhuku rinokurudzira-kufunga rinoisa nyika ine simba pasi rose mukutarisa uye ichifananidza zvinotaurwa nehurumende yeUS nehunhu hwayo chaihwo. Hurumende yeUS inoratidzira mufananidzo wayo pachawo semuchengeti wepasirese werusununguko nedemokrasi; sekugara takatarisa uye takagadzirira, tichizeza, kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika zvemamwe marudzi kana, uye chete kana, rusununguko nedemokrasi zviri panjodzi. Zvisinei, mukupesana neudzvanyiriri hunopikisa munzira dzayo dzese, munyori anonyora kuti, muchokwadi, hurumende yeUS inopa mari, maoko uye inodzidzisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwehurumende dzinodzvinyirira, kusanganisira udzvanyiriri, kana rutsigiro rwakadai ruchionekwa kunge rwuri muzvido zveUS, zvisinei nererekodhi rekodhi (zvine chekuita nedemokrasi uye kodzero dzevanhu) dzehurumende dzadzo.
Kutsigira hudzvanyiriri
Muzvikamu zvekutanga, David Swanson anotarisa huwandu hwakawanda hwehurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinotsigirwa neUS uye zvobva zvatarisana nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri, sezvo vari iwo hurumende dzinotarisirwa kupokana nehurumende yeUS. Anotaridza mashandisiro anoita ruzhinji rwevanhu 'vasina kusununguka' pasi rose (sekutsanangurwa kwavakaitwa naRich Whitney [2017] uyo, anozoteedzerawo maitiro ake pamutero wakapihwa ne'Freedom House ', sangano rakapihwa mari nehurumende yeUS -' vakasununguka ', 'zvimwe vakasununguka' uye 'kusununguka') vanotsigirwa nehondo neUS. Anoratidza zvakare kuti, zvinopesana nemakakatanwa ekuti US kupindira kwemauto kunogara kuri kudivi re 'democracy', iyo US inowanzo tengesa zvombo ku mativi ose inobatanidzwa mumakakatanwa akawanda kutenderera pasirese. Munyori zvese zviri zviviri zvinoratidza hupenyu hurefu hweiyi nzira: kuti hazvisi munzira yekungoonekwa sechinhu chehutungamiriri hwaTrump uye anopikisa kuti chinzvimbo cheUS chekutsigira hurumende dzinodzvinyirira chinotevera kubva mukubatana kune simba pakati pehurumende yeUS nemaoko eUS vagadziri (iyo inonzi 'mauto emaindasitiri yakaoma').
Muzvikamu zvinotevera, Swanson inotarisa huwandu hwakawanda hweudzvanyiriri hwenyika hwazvino uye inoratidza kuti vanotsigirwa sei neUS, kunyanya muchiuto. Anoita izvi nekupa makumi maviri ezvino zviitiko-zveudzvanyiriri kubva pasirese, vese avo vanotsigirwa neUS. Isu tinopokana kuti, mukuita kudaro, munyori anopa humbowo hunogombedzera kupokana nemaonero ekuti US inomira ichipesana nevadzvanyiriri nenyika dzavanotonga. Munyori anocherekedza kukosha kwekupa humbowo hwehukama muchimiro chemazita. Izvo zvinogara zvichinetsa kwazvo kuchinja maonero kubva panzvimbo yayo. Kurema kweuchapupu kunowanzo kudikanwa, kunyanya kana simba rezvido rakapihwa zvakanyanya.
Muzvikamu zvekupedzisa, munyori anoratidza hunhu husingaenderane nehurumende yeUS mukubata nekudzidzisa mauto epamhiri kwemakungwa. Anopa humbowo hwakasimba hwehuwandu hwezvaanotaura zvekuti US, nekure, inotungamira pasi rese mutengesi wezvombo, inokonzera kufa kwakawanda kwakabatana nehondo pasirese uye mushandi we95% emasoja epasi rese ari kunze kwenyika yavo iri kutonga.
Munyori anokurukura nezve iyo inonzi 'Chitubu cheArabhu' ya2011 yakaratidza mamiriro anopokana eUS; yakazivisa pachena kuti inotsigira mauto ari kukurudzira demokrasi yakawedzera asi, muchokwadi, zviito zvawo zvaive zvapa zvakakosha kumadzishe anotungamirwa nevadzvanyiriri vakarwiswa nevekuratidzira. Iye anovandudza mutsara wekupokana nenzira inogutsa nekunongedzera kuchokwadi chekuti US ine rekodhi rekodhi yekutsigira hudzvanyiriri kwenguva yakareba - kazhinji kazhinji muchiuto - uye wozovapandukira kana ichinge yanzwa kuti zvido zvayo zvachinja. Anonongedzera kutsigiro yeUS Saddam Hussein, Noriega naAssad nenzira yemienzaniso uye anoenderera mberi nekupa zvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda, saRafael Trujillo, Francisco Franco, Francoise Duvalier, Jean-Claude Duvalier, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Fulgencio Batista, uye Shah weIran.
Rhetoric vs chokwadi
Isu tinopokana kuti Swanson anorovera chipikiri mumusoro paanoti:
'Kana US rutsigiro rwevadzvanyiriri ruchiratidzika kunge rwuri kupokana neruzivo rweUS nezvekuparadzira democracy, chikamu chetsananguro yacho chinogona kunge chiri mukushandiswa kwe "democracy" sezwi rekodhi kune "divi redu" zvisinei nekubatana kune democracy chaiyo kana anomiririra hurumende kana kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu '(peji 88).
Iye anobva ati kana muvengi asiriye,
udzvinyiriri asi panzvimbo pezvo Soviet Union kana Communism kana hugandanga kana Islam kana Socialism kana China kana Iran kana Russia, uye kana paine chero chinhu chakaitwa muzita rekukunda muvengi chinonzi "pro-democracy," saka yakawanda inonzi demokarasi inopararira inogona zvinosanganisira kutsigira hudzvanyiriri nemarudzi ese ehurumende dzakadzvinyirira zvakaenzana '(peji 88).
Mukupedzisa kwake chikamu chebasa iri, munyori anosimbisawo kukosha kwezvemari, zvakare kutsigirwa nemienzaniso mizhinji, kunyanya, huwandu hwakakosha hwedzimwe nyika mari yematangi ekufunga ane simba guru pakuumbwa kwemutemo weUS.
Chikamu chekupedzisira chebhuku chinobata nekumanikidza uye kunetsa nyaya yekuti kutsigirwa kweUS nehudzvanyiriri kunogona kupera sei. Swanson anonongedzera ku'The Stop Arming Human Rights Abusers Act, HR 5880, 140 ', yakaunzwa neCongresswoman Ilhan Omar. Swanson anoti kana bhiri iri rikava mutemo raizotadzisa hurumende yeUS kupa huwandu hwakawanda hwerutsigiro kuhurumende dzenyika dzinodzvinyirira. Zvakaoma kupokana nemanzwiro akataurwa nemunyori kumagumo ebhuku rake:
'Nyika inoda kwazvo kutora masimba ehurumende dzayo kure nevadzvinyiriri nevaurayi. United States inoda chaizvo kuchinja zvayo zvekutanga kubva kunze-kweku-kudzora kwemauto uye zvombo zvine chekuita nemabhizinesi ane rugare. Kufamba kwakadai kungave kwakakwirira mutsika, nharaunda, hupfumi, uye maererano nemhedzisiro yetarisiro yekurarama kwevanhu '(peji 91).
Munyori anoburitsa humbowo hwechokwadi hwekuti US inogara ichirwira parutivi rwegutsaruzhinji, ichiti panzvimbo pacho kuti nyika (kana mutungamiri) inoonekwa seanotsigira US kana anopokana neUS ndiwo mubvunzo wakakosha (maonero anogona , uye kazhinji chinoita, chinja). Hunhu hwehurumende yekunze pachayo haisi iye mutyairi wekupindira.
Sekunze, saka kumba
Swanson nokudaro inosimbisa nzira inopesana zvakanyanya kune mutemo wezvekunze uye kutarisisa zvakadzama, isu tinopokana kuti kusiyanisa kuri pachena zvakafanana mumutemo wepamba. Zvinoenderana nemaonero akakurumbira (eAmerica), rusununguko ndiyo hwaro hwakavakirwa USA. Asi mukushandisa kweiyi inofungidzirwa kukosha musimboti hurumende yeAmerica inoshungurudza kusarudza - mune zvemumba pamwe nerezvekunze mutemo. Vagari vemuAmerica 'Chekutanga Kuchinjiswa rusununguko rwekutaura uye musangano une runyararo mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvakaregeredzwa nehurumende yavo pachinokanganisa zvido zvekupedzisira.
Kazhinji izvi zvave zvichinyanya kuoneka pane mukupindura kuratidzira kuri kuitika kweBlack Lives Matter zvichitevera kuurayiwa kwaGeorge Floyd. Kunyangwe paine chekutanga Kuchengetedzwa kwekutanga kudzivirirwa, kuratidzira kwakawanda murunyararo kwakadzvanywa nechisimba. Mumwe June 1st chiitiko ichi chiratidziro, umo mapurisa akashandisa gasi rinobvarura, mabara erabha uye magirineti ekutsvaira kubvisa Lafayette Square evaratidziri vane runyararo kubvumira Mutungamiri Trump mufananidzo-kunze kwechechi yeSt John (Parker et al 2020). Zvichakadaro muhurukuro yeWhite House, mutungamiri wenyika akazvizivisa semubatsiri wevaratidziri vese vane runyararo - mubatsiri, zvinoita sekunge, anotendera kushandiswa kwenzira dzisiri dzerunyararo kuvhara kutaura kwakasununguka.
Sezvineiwo, kudzvinyirira kwakafanana kwekuratidzira kwakashorwa zvisina tsarukano apo imwe nyika iri mutadzi. Mune May 2020 tweet, VaTrump vakakurudzira hurumende yeIran kuti isashandise mhirizhonga kunoratidzira varatidziri uye ku 'regai vatori venhau vafambe vakasununguka'. Kuzvidzivirira kwakadai kwakakosha kwekukosha kwemapepanhau emahara hakuna, zvisinei, zvakaita kuti mutungamiri wenyika abvume kana kushora kurwiswa kwakawanda kwakaitwa mapurisa nevatori venhau vachiratidzira kuratidzira kweBlack Lives Matter kuUSA (sekureva kweUS Press Freedom Tracker, kutanga kwaJune 15 , kurwiswa kwevatapi venhau nemapurisa vanosvika pa57). Mudzi wekusapindirana hakuna kunetsa kutsanangura.
Kana, zvinosuruvarisa, ndiko kusaremekedza rusununguko rwekutanga Amendment kune chete kune hutungamiriri hweTrump, kana kunyange kune veRepublicans. VaObama manejimendi, semuenzaniso, vakaona kuratidzira kweStanding Rock kwe2016 vachipesana nekuvakwa kweDakota Access Pipeline paNative American land - uko mapurisa vakapindura negasi rinobvarura, gonyeti rekusangana pamwe nemakondoni emvura mukutonhora kunotonhora kwazvo. Mutungamiri Obama vakatadza kupa mhosva mhirizhonga iyi yemapurisa yakanangana nevaratidziri vane runyararo (Colson 2016), nyaya yakajeka yekutaura kwemahara ichidzvanywa nechisimba.
Ipo iyi mamiriro ekunze ekudzvanyirira akanyanyisa, hazvina kumboitika zvachose. Sarudzo yehurumende yeUS yekukosha kwerusununguko inoonekwa mukubata kwavo vagari vemo, kunyanya munzvimbo yekuratidzira (Mutengo et al 2020). Pakupedzisira, kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoreva kushoma mukuita kana dzikasateererwa kana kutyorwa chaiko nehurumende iyo inofanirwa kuvatsigira, vobva vafunga kudzika mutemo unofamba wakatarisana nedemokrasi.
Pakutanga kwebasa munyori anoti,
'Chinangwa chebhuku pfupi iri ndechekuita kuti vanhu vazive kuti chiuto cheUS chinotsigira hudzvanyiriri, kusvika kumagumo ekuvhura pfungwa kune mukana wekubvunza zvemauto' (peji 11).
Isu tinopokana kuti zvirokwazvo akabudirira kuzadzisa ichi chinangwa. Zvakakosha, anoita kudaro achienzanisira kupokana kwakadzama kuri mubumbiro rekunze reUS; kupokana kwatinopokana pamusoro kunoonekwawo mumutemo wepamba. Mutemo weUS saka 'haupindirani'. Inotaridzwa seyakavakirwa padziviriro yerusununguko nedemokrasi nepo, mukuita, yakavakirwa pakutevera zvido zvehurumende yeUS nemapoka ane simba ekumanikidza kuseri kwenzvimbo yeUS.
Isu tinotenda kuti bhuku raSwanson rinopa chakakosha mukukakavara; anotsigira zvirevo zvake zvese neumboo hunogutsa. humbowo hwatinopokana hunofanirwa kukwana kugonesa muverengi ane pfungwa dzakajeka nezvechokwadi cheongororo yake. Isu tinokurudzira nemoyo wese basa iri kune vese avo vanofarira kunzwisisa mafambiro ekutyaira ari kumashure kwekuitisa mutemo wekunze weUS.
References
Colson, N., 'Obama Runyararo Runyararo paStand Rock', Socialist Anoshanda December 1, 2016.
Rusununguko Imba, 'Nyika uye Matunhu'.
Parker, A., Dawsey, J. uye Tan, R., 'Mukati mekusundidzira kubvarura-gasi vanopikisa pamberi peTrump foto op', Washington Post June 2, 2020.
Price, M., Smoot, H., Clasen-Kelly, F. naDeppen, L. (2020), '"Hapana mumwe wedu anogona kudada." Meya anorova CMPD. SBI kuongorora makemikari mashandisiro ekuratidzira, ' Charlotte Observer June 3.
Whitney, R., 'US Inopa Rubatsiro rweMasoja ku73 Peresenti yeVadzvanyiriri Venyika,' Zvakashata, September 23, 2017.
Imwe Mhinduro
trump ndomumwe wevadzvanyiriri vakaipisisa!