NaDavid Swanson
Mukugadzirira a musangano unouya uye chiito chisina mhirizhonga chinangwa chekupikisa sangano rehondo, nemusangano uchaitwa kuAmerican University, handigoni kuita kunze kwekukweverwa kuhurukuro yakapiwa nemutungamiri weUnited States kuAmerican University makore anopfuura 50 apfuura. Ungave uchibvumirana neni here kana kuti uku ndiko kutaura kwakanakisisa kwakamboitwa nemutungamiri weAmerica, hapafanire kuve nekupokana kudiki kuti ndiko kutaura kwakanyanya kunze kwezvichataurwa nemunhu pagungano renyika reRepublican kana Democratic gore rino. Heino vhidhiyo yechikamu chakanakisa chekutaura:
Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy vaitaura panguva iyo, sezvazvino, Russia neUnited States dzakanga dzine zvombo zvenyukireya zvakakwana zvakagadzirira kupfutidzana pane imwe nguva chiziviso chokuparadza pasi nokuda kwoupenyu hwomunhu kakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, zvakadaro, muna 1963, kwaingova nemarudzi matatu, kwete mapfumbamwe aripo, ane zvombo zvenyukireya, uye akawanda mashoma pane ikozvino ane simba renyukireya. NATO yakanga iri kure nemiganhu yeRussia. United States yakanga isati yangogonesa kupidigura hurumende muUkraine. United States yakanga isiri kuronga maekisesaizi echiuto muPoland kana kuisa zvombo zvinokandwa muPoland neRomania. Uye yanga isiri kugadzira madiki nukes ayo yaakatsanangura se "anonyanya kushandiswa." Basa rekutarisira zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS rakabva ranzi rine mukurumbira muuto reUS, kwete nzvimbo yekurasira zvidhakwa nekusawirirana kwayave. Ruvengo pakati peRussia neUnited States rwakanga rwakanyanya muna 1963, asi dambudziko raizivikanwa zvikuru pamusoro peUnited States, kusiyana nekusaziva kukuru kwazvino. Mamwe manzwi ehutsanana uye kuzvidzora akabvumidzwa munhau dzeUS uye kunyangwe muWhite House. Kennedy aishandisa murwiri werunyararo Norman Cousins semutumwa kuna Nikita Khrushchev, waasina kumbotsanangura, sekutsanangura kwakaita Hillary Clinton Vladimir Putin, sa "Hitler."
Kennedy akaronga kutaura kwake semushonga wekusaziva, kunyanya maonero ekusaziva kuti hondo haidzivisiki. Izvi zvinopesana nezvakataurwa neMutungamiri Barack Obama nguva pfupi yadarika muHiroshima uye pakutanga muPrague neOslo. Kennedy akadana rugare "musoro unonyanya kukosha pasi pano." Inyaya isina kubatika pachirongwa chemutungamiri weUS muna 2016. Ini ndinotarisira zvizere gore rino republic republic gungano kupemberera kusaziva.
Kennedy akaramba pfungwa ye "Pax Americana yakasimbiswa pasi rose nezvombo zvehondo zveAmerica," chaizvo izvo mapato makuru ezvematongerwo enyika iye zvino uye hurukuro dzakawanda dzehondo nevatungamiri vekare veUnited States vakambofarira. Kennedy akasvika pakuzviti ane hanya ne100% pane 4% yevanhu:
"... kwete rugare rwekuAmerica asi rugare rwevarume nevakadzi vose-kwete kungova nerunyararo munguva yedu asi runyararo nekusingaperi."
Kennedy akatsanangura hondo uye mhirizhonga uye kuvhiringidzika sezvisinganzwisisiki:
"Hondo yehondo inonzwisisika munguva iyo masimba makuru anogona kuchengetedza masimba enyukireya makuru uye asingagoni kuvharidzirwa uye anoramba kuzvipira pasina kushandiswa kune izvo simba. Hazvina musoro mukati mezera apo imwe nhumbi yenyukireya inenge inenge kagumi simba rinoputika rinotungamirirwa nehurumende dzose dzakabatana muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Hazvina maturo munguva iyo apo zvinouraya zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa nenyuchi yenyukireya zvingatakurwa nemhepo nemvura uye nevhu uye mbeu kusvika kumativi epasi enyika uye kumarudzi asina kumbozvarwa. "
Kennedy akatevera mari. Kushandiswa kwechiuto kwave kudarika hafu ye federal discretionary spending, uye zvakadaro Donald Trump kana Hillary Clinton havana kutaura kana kubvunzwa mumashoko asina kujeka kuti vangada kuona vachishandiswa muchiuto. "Nhasi," akadaro Kennedy muna 1963.
"Kushandiswa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora gore rimwe nerimwe pamusoro pezvombo zvakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti hatitombofaniri kuzvishandisa zvinokosha kuti tive nerunyararo. Asi kunyangwe kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakadai zvisina maturo-izvo zvingangoparadza uye zvisingambogadziri-hazvisi izvo chete, zvakanyanya kudarika zvakanyanya, nzira dzekusimbisa rugare. "
Muna 2016 kunyange kukomba madzimambo vakashandurwa kunotsigira hondo pane "rugare rwepasi." Asi muna 1963 Kennedy vakataura nezvehukama sebhizimisi rakakomba rehurumende:
"Ini ndinotaura nerunyararo, saka, semakagumo ekugadzirisa emagariro evanhu. Ndinoona kuti kutevera rugare hakusi kunoshamisa sekutsvaka hondo-uye kazhinji mazwi eanotevera anowira panzeve dzisina matsi. Asi hatina basa rakaoma. Vamwe vanoti hazvina maturo kutaura nezvekugara kwenyika kana mutemo wenyika kana kusagadziriswa kwepasi-uye kuti hazvichabatsiri kusvikira vatungamiri veSoviet Union vagamuchira mafungiro akawanda. Ndinotarisira kuti vanoita. Ndinotenda kuti tinogona kuvabatsira kuti vaite. Asi ini ndinotendawo kuti tinofanira kuongororazve maonero edu-sevanhu uye seZvi-nekuti maonero edu anokosha savo. Uye vose vanopedza chikoro chechikoro ichi, vagari vese vanofungisisa avo vanorega kurwisana nehondo uye vanoda kuunza rugare, vanofanira kutanga vachitarisa mukati-nekuongorora maonero avo maonero ehukama, kune Soviet Union, kutarisana nehondo yechando uye kune rusununguko nerugare pano pamba. "
Unogona here kufungidzira chero mutauri anotenderwa paRNC yegore rino kana DNC achikurudzira kuti muhukama hweUS kuRussia chikamu chikuru chedambudziko chingave maitiro eUS? Ungave wakagadzirira kubhejera mupiro wako unotevera kune rimwe remapato iwayo? Ndingafara kuzvigamuchira.
Runyararo, Kennedy akatsanangura nenzira isinganzwisisiki nhasi, inonyatsobvira:
"Kutanga: Ngatimboongororei mafungiro edu nerunyararo. Kune vakawanda vedu vanofunga kuti hazvibviri. Vakawanda vanofunga kuti hazvisi zvechokwadi. Asi ichocho chitendero chinotyisa, chinokunda. Inotungamirira kumhedziso yokuti hondo isingadzivisiki-kuti vanhu vanoparadzwa-kuti tinosungwa nemasimba atisingakwanisi kudzora. Hatifaniri kubvuma maonero iwayo. Dambudziko redu rakagadzirwa nemunhu-saka, rinogona kugadziriswa nemunhu. Uye munhu anogona kuva mukuru sezvaanoda. Hapana dambudziko rehupenyu hwevanhu hunopfuura vanhu. Chikonzero chomunhu nemweya zvakagadzirisa zvinenge zvisingaratidziki-uye tinotenda kuti vanogona kuzviita zvakare. Handiri kutaura nezvemhedziso, isingagumi yorugare uye zvakanaka zvido izvo vamwe vanofungidzira nevanofunga vanorota. Handirambi kukosha kwetariro uye kurota asi tinongokumbira kuora mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kuburikidza nokuita kuti isu chete uye chinangwa chedu. Ngatitarisei pane humwe hunobatsira, hunoita kuti tigone kuva nerunyararo-kwete kwete kuchinja kwechimbichimbi muhupenyu hwevanhu asi nekushanduka-shanduka mumasangano evanhu-pane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezviito uye zvibvumirano zvinobudirira izvo zviri munharaunda yevose vanofunga. Hapana imwechete, iri nyore yekuisa rugare uku-hakuna guru kana magic mazano ekugamuchirwa nemasimba maviri kana maviri. Runyararo rwechokwadi runofanira kuva chibereko chemarudzi akawanda, muwandu wemabasa akawanda. Inofanira kuva yakasimba, kwete kumira, kuchinja kusangana nechinetso chechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chitsva. Nokuti rugare inzira-nzira yekugadzirisa zvinetso. "
Kennedy akazora dzimwe dzemajaya evanhu vanowanzogara:
"Nehukama hwakadaro, pachava nekukakavadzana uye zvinopesana, sezvinowanikwa mumhuri nemarudzi. Rugare rwenyika, sehukama rwemagariro evanhu, harudi kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ade muvakidzani wake-zvinoda chete kuti vagare pamwe chete mukuwirirana, vachiendesa kukakavadzana kwavo kururamisiro nerunyararo. Uye nhoroondo inotidzidzisa kuti kuvengana pakati pemarudzi, semunhu pakati pevanhu, haingagari nekusingaperi. Kunyange zvakadaro zvakagadzirisa zvatinoda uye zvisingadi zvingaita sezvo, mafambiro epanguva uye zviitiko zvinowanzounza kuchinja kunoshamisa muhukama pakati pemarudzi nevavakidzani. Saka regai tirambe tichitsungirira. Runyararo harufaniri kunge rusingagoneki, uye hondo haifaniri kudziviswa. Nokurondedzera chinangwa chedu zvakajeka, nekuita kuti iite seinodiwa uye isingakwanisi kure, tinokwanisa kubatsira vanhu vose kuti vazvione, kuisa tariro kune iyo, uye kuenderera mberi kusinganzwisisiki. "
Kennedy ndiye anochema zvaanofunga, kana kuti anofunga kufunga, asingashandisi Soviet paranoia pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika eUnited States, Soviet kutsoropodza kusina kufanana nekuzvidza kwake oga kweCIA. Asi anotevera izvi kuburikidza nekuchikomberedza pamusoro pevanhu veUnited States:
"Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuverenga mazwi aya eSoviet-kuti aone kuwanda kwepakati pedu. Asi zvakare inyevero-nyevero kuvanhu veAmerica kuti vasapinda mumusungo mumwechete sevaSoviets, kwete kuona chete maonero akatsauka uye asina tariro kune rumwe rutivi, kwete kuona kupesana kusingadzivisiki, hogara sezvisingabviri, uye Kukurukurirana sechinhu chisingaiti kunze kwekuchinjana kwekutyisidzira. Hapana hurumende kana hutano hwevanhu huipi hwakaipa zvokuti vanhu vayo vanofanira kuonekwa sevanoshayikwa muhutano. Sevanhu veAmerica, tinowana hukomunistiya hunonyadzisa zvikuru sekuregerera rusununguko rwomunhu uye chiremerera. Asi isu tinogona kurumbidza vanhu veRussia nokuda kwezvavakaita zvakawanda-mune sayenzi uye nzvimbo, mune hupfumi nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi, mune tsika uye mune zviito zveushingi. Pakati pehutsika dzakawanda vanhu vemarudzi edu maviri vakafanana, hapana ane simba kupfuura kudanana kwedu kwehondo. Inenge ichinyanya kuve pakati pemasimba makuru enyika, hatina kumborwisana. Uye hapana rumwe rudzi munhoroondo yehondo rwakambotambudzwa kupfuura iyo Soviet Union yakatambura munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Zvichida 20 mamiriyoni akarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo. Mamiriyoni asingaverengeki emisha nemapurazi aipiswa kana avharwa. Chikamu chetatu chenharaunda yenyika, kusanganisira chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi, zvakashandurwa kuva dongo-kurasikirwa kwakaenzana nekuparadzwa kwenyika iri kumabvazuva kweChicago. "
Chimbofungidzira nhasi uchiedza kuita kuti vanhu veAmerica vatarise maonero avengivengi vakatarwa uye nguva dzose vachikokwa zvakare kuNCN kana MSNBC mushure mekunge. Chimbofungidzira kufungidzira kuti ndiani chaizvoizvo akaita ruzhinji rwekukunda Hondo Yenyika II kana kuti nei Russia iine chikonzero chakanaka chekutya utsinye kubva kumadokero!
Kennedy akadzokera kunzvimbo dzisina kufanana dzehondo inotonhora, iye zvino uye zvino:
"Nhasi, inofanira kuitika hondo yose yakasunungukazve-zvisinei kuti sei-nyika dzedu mbiri dzichava chinangwa chikuru. Icho chinhu chinoshamisa asi chakarurama kuti masimba maviri akasimba ndeaya maviri ari pangozi yekuparadza. Zvose zvatakavaka, zvese zvatashanda, zvinoparadzwa mumaawa ekutanga e24. Uye kunyange muhondo inotonhora, iyo inounza mitoro uye njodzi kumarudzi akawanda, kusanganisira iyi sangano repedyo reZimbabwe-nyika dzedu mbiri dzinotakura mitoro inorema. Nokuti isu tiri vaviri tinopa mari yakawanda kune zvombo zvingave zviri nani kuzvipira mukurwisana nekusaziva, urombo, uye zvirwere. Isu tose takabatwa mumhepo inotyisa uye inotyisa umo kushamwaridzana kune rumwe rutivi kunounza kushungurudzika pane imwe, uye zvombo zvitsva zvinobereka zvinyorwa. Muchidimbu, zvose zveUnited States uye vashandi vayo, uye Soviet Union nemabatanidzwa ayo, vane hanya zvakadzama mukururama kwechokwadi uye kwechokwadi uye pakugadzirisa rutsoka rwemhare. Zvibvumirano zvekupedzisira izvi zviri mune zvinodiwa neSoviet Union pamwe neyedu-uye kunyange nyika dzinonyanya kuvimba dzinogona kuvimbwa kugamuchira nekuchengeta zvibvumirano zvebvumirano, uye chete zvibvumirano zvesungano, izvo zvine zvido zvavo. "
Kennedy anokurudzira, nekunyadzisa nemitemo yevamwe, kuti United States inobvumira mamwe marudzi kutevera zviratidzo zvavo pachake:
"Saka, ngatiregei kuve mapofu kumakakatanwa edu-asi ngatitaurireiwo kutarisa kune zvatinoda pamwe uye nenzira iyo kusiyana uko kunogona kugadziriswa. Uye kana tisingakwanisi kugumisa zvino kusiyana kwedu, zvisinei tinokwanisa kubatsira nyika kuti ive yakachengeteka nokuda kwekusiyana. Nokuti, pakupedzisira, zvatinonyanyobatanidzwa zvachose ndezvokuti isu tose tinogara munyika ino duku. Tose tinofema mweya iwoyo. Isu tose tinokoshesa ramangwana revana vedu. Uye isu tose tinofa. "
Kennedy anodzokorora hondo inotonhora, panzvimbo yevaRussia, semuvengi:
"Regai tiongororezve maonero edu nehondo yekutonhora, tichiyeuka kuti hatisi mubatanidzwa mukukakavadzana, tichitsvaka kuunganidza kukakavadzana. Hatisi pano kuparadzira mhosva kana kuratidzira munwe wekutonga. Tinofanira kutarisana nenyika sezvazviri, uye kwete sezvingadai zvakave nemakore ekupedzisira e18 makore akasiyana. Tinofanira, saka, kutsungirira mukutsvaga rugare mune tariro kuti kuchinja kunovaka mukati memubatanidzwa weCommunist kunogona kuuya mukati mekugadzirisa matambudziko izvo zvino zvinoita sezviri mberi kwedu. Tinofanira kutungamira nhau dzedu nenzira yakadaro iyo inowanikwa mukufarira kweKomonisiti kubvumirana pamusoro pehutano rwechokwadi. Pamusoro pezvose, tichidzivirira zvatinoda, zvigetsi zvenyu zvinofanira kusimbisa izvo zvinopikisa zvinounza muvengi kune sarudzo yekunyadzisa kana hondo yenyukireya. Kutora rudzi rwemhando iyoyo munguva yenyukireya kunogona kuva uchapupu hwekudarika kwepurogiramu yedu-kana yekufa pamwe-kudai nyika. "
Nekutaura kwaKennedy, hurumende yeUnited States iri kutevera rufu-chido chepasi, sezvakataurwa naMartin Luther King makore mana gare gare, hurumende yeUnited States yava "yafa mune zvokunamata." Izvo zvisiri kureva kuti hapana chakauya kubva pakutaura kwaKennedy uye basa rakaitevera mumwedzi mishanu asati aurayiwa nevarwi veUnited States. Kennedy akarayirwa muhurukuro kusikwa kwechitambo chekutengesa pakati pehurumende mbiri, iyo yakasikwa. Akaronga kurambidzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye akazivisa kusagadzikana kweUnited States kwekushandiswa kwenyukireya mumhepo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nechibvumirano chekurambidza kuedza kwenyukireya kunze kwepasi pevhu. Uye izvo zvakatungamirira, sezvakaitwa naKennedy, kubatanidzwa kukuru uye zvibvumirano zvakakura zvekudzivirira zvombo.
Hurukuro iyi inotungamirirwa nedhigirii zvakaoma kuenzanisa nekupikisa kweUnited States kutanga hondo itsva. Dai iyo inoshanda kukurudzira a mufambo kuunza kubviswa kwehondo kune chokwadi.
30 Mhinduro
Ndinokutendai nekutumira izvi uye nematauriro enyu chaiwo. Ini ndiri theatre director weMarch For Our Lives 2016 .muna Philly.
Iyo yakanaka uye pfungwa yerunyararo haina kupfuura…. tinofanira kuzvitaura uye kugamuchira chokwadi cheRugare . Hatisi toga mune idzi pfungwa . tinongoda kuungana uye kutaura nezvazvo … kuungana mumapoka madiki nemapoka makuru … murunyararo nezverunyararo rwerunyararo.
wazviita
j. Patrick Doyle
Kutaura kwakanaka, zvakanaka. Kennedy aigara ari mutsigiri anopesana neCommunist. Uye icho chaive chichiri chokwadi paakatanga kuve Mutungamiriri. Kana izvo zvakanga zvichiri zvechokwadi muna 1963 inhau yenharo. Pamwe aive aine epiphany zvechokwadi. Dai anga asati achiri mutsigiri anopokana neCommunist muna 1963, kana aive achinyatsoita realist nezvehondo, nyukireya uye neimwe nzira, chingave chikonzero nei akapondwa. Hatizombozivi kuti ndizvo here kana kuti kwete.
Kennedy aitaura chokwadi nezve chishuwo cherufu chakaungana, icho maAmerican nhasi anoita kunge ane nyaya isingaperi uye inopera.
Ndinobvuma Lucymarie Ruth, kutaura kwakanaka chaizvo neMutungamiri Kennedy kurwisa kusaziva. Ndinokutendai worldbeyondwar.org nekuunza maonero erunyararo kuSarudzo 2016. Ndinotarisira kupinda musangano wenyu munaGunyana, uye ndichanyora izvi paFacebook neTwitter…Rambai Muchidzidzo!
Bobby Kennedy, mubvunzurudzo paakanga achikwikwidza chigaro cheMutungamiri mushure mekupondwa kwemukoma wake, aisimbisa kuti JFK yaisazombomubvumira iye weVietnamese kubvisa masimba ekoloni kubva munyika yavo. Bobby akataura dzidziso yedomino mukururamisa. Saka mazwi aJFK anonzwika zvakanaka chaizvo, asi chiito chake, sezvavanotaura, chakataura zvinonzwika kupfuura mazwi ake.
Ehe, TINOZIVA zvakawanda zvino kupfuura paakataura. Kuti uwane muono wakakwana wekuti sei akapondwa, ndapota verenga bhuku rakanyorwa zvinoshamisa naJames Douglass, "JFK uye Zvisingatauriki."
Lucymarie Ruth,
Rega ndikubvunze zvinotevera: munhu anopikisa communist angadai akaita zvinotevera:
1. Nyora Munyori weHurumende John Foster Dulles tsamba ine makumi mana neminomwe mibvunzo yakananga pamusoro pezvinangwa zveUS muVietnam, uchibvunza kuti mhinduro yemauto (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvombo zveatomu) ingagoneka sei (seSenator, mu1953)?
2. Kudzivirira rusununguko rweAlgeria padare reSeneti (1957), pamusoro pehuwandu hwemaonero ezvematongerwo enyika eU.
3. Kudzivirira Patrice Lumumba naCongan kuzvitonga kunopesana nevekumadokero (European-America) vanoda kupenda kufamba kwese kwakadai sekufemerwa nemacommunist?
4. Tsigira Sukarno muIndonesia, mumwe mutungamiri wenyika asina kubatanidzwa anopomerwa hukama hwemakomunisiti, uye kushanda naDag Hammarskjold kwete kuCongo chete, asiwo nezvemamiriro eIndonesia?
5. Ita chirevo chokuti hapana mauto eAmerica anobatanidzwa mune zvaakatungamirirwa kuti atende kuti yakanga iri chirongwa cheCuba chekudzorera chitsuwa chacho (Bay of Pigs), uye kubatisisa kune izvozvo kunyange sezvo kupinda kwacho kwakazviratidza kuva njodzi?
6. Kuramba kuita kuti kusawirirana kuri muLaos kuAmerica uye kusimbirira pakugadzirisa kwazvakarerekera?
7. Kuramba, kanenge ka9 muna 1961 chete, kuita mauto epasi kuVietnam, uye, anenge ari oga, anoomerera pachinzvimbo ichocho mugakava revhiki mbiri nevapi vemazano munaNovember 1961?
8. Tevedzera izvi nechirongwa chakatanga muna 1962 chikaiswa pabepa (pakasvika Chivabvu 1963) chokubvisa kunyange vanachipangamazano vaakanga atumira?
9. Raira General Lucius Clay kutamisa matangi ake kubva kumuganhu weBerlin munguva yeBerlin dambudziko?
10. Shandisa chiteshi cheshure neKhrushchev kuti ufambe-fambe nemauto, CIA uye kunyange vapi vamazano vake panguva uye mushure meMissile Crisis, zvakare ari iye ega munhu weboka (sezvakaratidzwa nezvikamu zvakatepwa) akaramba achiramba kubhomba kwese-kunze uye kupinda kwechitsuwa?
11. Shandisa chiteshi cheshure chakafanana kuyedza kurerutsa kusawirirana uye kuvhura hukama hwezvekudyidzana naCastro muna 1963?
Wobva wazvibvunza mubvunzo uyu: mumwe munhu akaita saRichard Nixon, mukomana akaita basa reRed-baiting, mukomana akagadzira Alger Hiss, mukomana aive pasi peEisenhower aive mumwe wevagadziri veCIA kuronga kupinda muCuba, akaita saizvozvo?
Ikozvino, hongu, munhu anogona kunongedza kune mamwe eJFK anowedzera saber-rattling, "kutakura chero mutoro" kutaura. Asi wadii kutaura nezve JFK akataura izvi:
"Chimurenga cheAfro-Asia cheurudzi, kumukira kutonga kwekoloni, kutsunga kwevanhu kudzora nyika yavo ... mukuona kwangu kutadza kunorwadza kwehurumende dzeRepublican neDemocratic kubva paHondo Yenyika II kunzwisisa mamiriro echimurenga ichi, uye kugona kwacho kwezvakanaka nezvakaipa, kwave nekukohwa kunorwadza nhasi-uye zviri kuitika nekodzero uye nehurongwa hwekune dzimwe nyika hune hurombo." - kubva muhurukuro yakapihwa panguva yemushandirapamwe weStevenson, 1956)
"Tinofanira kutarisana nechokwadi chokuti United States haisi masimba ose kana kuziva zvose, kuti isu tinongova 6% yehuwandu hwevanhu venyika, kuti hatigoni kuisa chido chedu kune imwe 94% yevanhu, kuti hatigoni kugadzirisa zvakaipa zvose kana kudzosera dambudziko rimwe nerimwe, uye naizvozvo hapagoni kuva nemhinduro yeAmerica kumatambudziko ose enyika. " - kubva kukero paYunivhesiti yeWashington, Seattle, Mbudzi 16, 1961
Vaya vanoita kuti chimurenga chine runyararo chisakwanisika vachaita kuti kumukira kwechisimba kuve kusingadzivisiki. - John F. Kennedy, kubva pamashoko ekutanga ekutanga kweAlliance for Progress, Kurume 13, 1962.
Zvizhinji zvebhizimisi rekudzokorora pamusoro peJFK "yakaoma-mutsara anticommunist" inobva pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzake dzevanhu, dzakagadzirwa nokuti aigara achiziva nezvemamiriro ekunze aaifanira kushanda. Asi regai ndibvunze izvi: VaObama vakaita zvirevo zvakawanda zvemushandirapamwe izvo zvisina kutevedzerwa nezviito zvake muhofisi. Ungatonga sei Hutungamiri hwake, nezvaataura kana nezvaaita?
Ini ndinokupa zano kuti uverenge mabhuku anotevera kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani yeJFK's kunze kwenyika mutemo:
1. Richard Mahoney, Ordeal MuAfrica
2. Philip E. Muehlenbeck, Kubhejera maAfrica
3. Robert Rakove, Kennedy, Johnson uye Nonaligned World
4. Greg Poulgrain, Iyo Incubus yekupindira
5. John Newman, JFK neVietnam
6. James Blight, Virtual JFK: Vietnam dai Kennedy Akararama
7. Gordon Goldstein, Zvidzidzo muNjodzi
8. David Talbot, Dhiyabhorosi Chessboard
9. James Douglass, JFK uye Zvisingatauriki
10. Zvitsauko zvina zvokutanga uye zvitsauko zviviri zvokupedzisira zvebhuku raJames DiEugenio rinonzi Destiny Betrayed.
Kana iwe ukaita basa rako rechikoro, iwe uchaona kuti kutaura kweAmerican University hakushamisi, kushoma kwe "kutendeuka" pane zvazvinoita, uye zvimwe zvekushanduka zvine musoro mukosi JFK yaakazvimisira.
PS Ini ndinobvumirana neongororo yaDavid yekuti kutaura kwacho ndiko "kunyanya kusafambirana nezvichazotaurwa nemunhu kuRepublican kana Democratic National Congress gore rino." Ini ndiri chokwadi chemafungiro ekuti "kuve kunze kwenhanho" kunoratidzira Kennedy mune zvese. Zvakaoma kuwana maitiro nemaitiro akaenzana neake pakati pevagari veWhite House, angangoita makore makumi manomwe nemashanu apfuura.
PPS Mukukasira kwangu ndakadimburira zita rekuti (1); ndizvo chaizvo "JFK: Dambudziko muAfrica."
Kubvuma kukuru!
Kana zvematongerwo enyika, uye kunyanya zvematongerwo enyika echimurenga, zvichifanira kunge zvichibva pakuongorora magariro evanhu, zvingangove zvichidzidzisa zvikuru kuongorora nzvimbo yaVaKennedy mukutaura uku, vaviri vacho, Irishness yake uye chiKaturike chake, kuitira kuti tiise pfungwa pamidzi ye "chido cherufu" chedu, chandinowana mumutauro weGermany wemadzitateguru edu. Hans-Peter Hasenfratz, muchidimbu, isiri-yedzidzo monograph (yakabudiswa neChirungu seBarbarian Rites), inotaura kuti demokrasi yeGermany, kunyange nekubata varanda, yakapa makore anenge chiuru apfuura kune inoparadza, tsika yekubata chibharo munyika yandingati ideology, kutsiva maonero nekufungidzira, izvo zvandichafananidza munhoroondo yechitendero cheGermany. jaya renguva ino akawana rukudzo rwakawanda pakati pemhuri neshamwari nokuda kwokutanga kurwa neshamwari yake yepamwoyo pane kuita chimwe chinhu chinovaka, sekuti, kudyara mapfunde kana kuvaka chikepe. Sezviri pachena kubonderana nechiKristudhomu, mukusanzwisisa kwacho rimene pamusoro pokubatana nechisimba, kwakaunza kuipa kwakaipisisa mutsika dzechiGermany ndokudzvinyirira zvakanakisisa. Chii chakanga chakanakisisa: izwi rokuti "chinhu" iNorse, kureva, Germanic, izwi remusangano weguta. Iyo yakakosha sine qua isiri muuzivi uye nekudaro yetsika uye nekudaro mutemo ndewekuti Imwe inokwanisa kukakavara neni. Ini naani zvake, tine chinhu ichi. Chero takatadzirana zvakadii.
Nenzira, ndinofunga kuti France yaitova nezvombo zvenyukireya muna 1963.
Tinogonawo kumutenda nekuda kwehondo inoshamisa yeUS muVietnam!
Kwete! Ndiyo yaive LBJ. JFK yakaganhurira kubatanidzwa kweUS kune vashoma, uye yanga ichida kubuda-Ona bhuku reDouglass rataurwa pamusoro kuti unzwisise zviri nani.
Zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kupfuura izvozvo. Truman akaperekedza zvikepe zveFrance zvakapinda nechisimba muna 1945. Ike akadzivisa sarudzo dzekubatanidza uye akaisa mazana evapi vemazano emauto eUS. JFK yakawedzera nhamba ye "machipangamazano" kusvika pakukura kwechikamu chevacheche asi pasina zvombo zvinorema, asi vekupedzisira vaive pedyo pazvikepe zveUS Navy uye mabhesi eUSAF. LBJ naNixon vakawedzera zvikuru hondo.
Tinogona kudzokera kumashure kana zvasvika kune US colonialism muAsia nePacific.
Ini ndinotenda JFK yaive yechokwadi chaiyo panguva yekutaura ikoko. Tenda zvakare ichi chinyorwa chine simba zvikuru neWorld Pasina Hondo chinofanira kuverengwa nevatungamiriri vese vezvematongerwo enyika, kunyanya avo vari kurwira POTUS muUS.
Turkey yakanga yatove nhengo yeNATO - uye yakatarisana neSoviet Union. Turkey inogovera muganhu neGeorgia neArmenia; kuseri kwavo ndiko kune Russia pachayo.
Chimurenga chakatsigirwa hakusi kupidigura hurumende.
Zviripachena kuti wanwa iyo Kool-Aid iyo yaizoita kuti Kennedy aite semumwe mutsvene akafira kutenda. Munguva yake pfupi ari muhofisi, zvitendero zvake zvehawkish zvaive pachena nekuvakwa kwemaoko kwakaenderera mberi kubva kuIke, kune dzakasiyana-siyana 'dzanyoro' dzakapinda muSouth neCentral America iyo yakabatsira kuvhura nzira kune hutongi hwehutsinye huchienderera mberi kuburikidza neReagan zvichingodaro. Ngatisakanganwe mhirizhonga isingadaviriki yaakabatsira kumisa muS. Vietnam, magwaro maviri akakosha aimbonyorwa NSAM 263 uye NSAM 273 achipa uchapupu hwekuti haaizodzokera kumashure pakumisa hondo yakakura muVietnam. Ngatisatongei munhu nemashoko ake anotapira uye anoita seanopa mweya, asi nezviito zvake unomuziva. Ini ndingakurudzira tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi usati waimba rumbidzo dzemurume aive bhinya rehondo uye bapiro rekurudyi rakazembera sezviripo nhasi…
Ndinobvumirana newe 100%. Hurukuro dzinoshandiswa kunyengedza veruzhinji uye kukwenenzvera mukurumbira. Zviito, uye kunyanya mabhomba nemabara, anoverengera zvakanyanya kupfuura mazwi, kunyanya kune avo vari kugashira.
Ike akaita zvakawanda kuti atange mauto echiuto maindasitiri echigarire kupfuura mamwe vatungamiri vose vakabatanidzwa, uye aiziva zvakanga zvichiitika, sezvo shanduro yekutanga yekutaura kwake kwakakurumbira yakapiwa muchirimo cha1953, pedyo nekutanga kwetemu yake yekutanga.
Nyika Isina Zvombo zvenyukireya
NaGEORGE P. SHULTZ, WILLIAM J. PERRY, HENRY A. KISSINGER naSAM NUNN
Yakagadziridzwa Ndira 4, 2007 12:01 am ET
Zvombo zvenyukireya nhasi zvinopa njodzi huru, asiwo mukana wenhoroondo. Hutungamiri hweUS huchadikanwa kuendesa nyika kune chinhanho chinotevera - kuchibvumirano chakasimba chekudzoreredza kuvimba nezvombo zvenyukireya pasi rose sechipo chakakosha mukudzivirira kuwanda kwavo mumawoko angangove nengozi, uye pakupedzisira kuzvipedza sekutyisidzira pasirese.
Zvombo zvenyukireya zvaive zvakakosha kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika dzese munguva yeCold War nekuti yaive nzira yekudzivisa. Kupera kweCold War kwakaita kuti dzidziso yeSoviet-American deterrence isashande. Deterrence inoramba iine tarisiro yakakodzera kune dzakawanda nyika maererano nekutyisidzira kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Asi kuvimba nezvombo zvenyukireya nokuda kwechinangwa ichi kuri kuwedzera kuva nengozi uye kuri kuita zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kuedza kwenyukireya kweNorth Korea uye kuramba kweIran kumisa chirongwa chayo chekupfumisa uranium - ingangoita giredhi rezvombo - inosimbisa chokwadi chekuti nyika yave padanho renguva itsva uye ine njodzi yenyukireya. Zvinotonyanya kutyisa, mukana wekuti magandanga asiri ehurumende awane maoko avo pazvombo zvenyukireya ari kuwedzera. Muhondo yanhasi inorwiwa pasi rose nemagandanga, zvombo zvenyukireya ndiyo nzira huru yekuparadza kukuru. Uye mapoka asiri ehurumende emagandanga ane zvombo zvenyukireya ane pfungwa kunze kwemiganhu yegadziriro yekudzivisa uye anopa matambudziko matsva akaoma ekuchengetedza.
–– KUSHANGISA ––
Kunze kwekutyisidzira kwemagandanga, kunze kwekunge zviito zvitsva zvechimbichimbi zvatorwa, US ichakurumidza kumanikidzwa kupinda munguva itsva yenyukireya iyo ichave isina njodzi, inovhiringidza pfungwa, uye mune zvehupfumi inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zvaidzivirira Cold War. Hazvisi kure nechokwadi kuti tinogona kubudirira kudzokorora yekare Soviet-America "mutually assured damage" nenhamba inowedzera yevanogona vavengi venyukireya pasi rose pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvichashandiswa. Nyika itsva dzenyukireya hadzina bhenefiti yemakore enhanho-ne-nhanho dziviriro dzakaiswa mukati meHondo Yemashoko kudzivirira tsaona dzenyukireya, kufunga zvisiri izvo kana kutangwa kusingatenderwe. United States neSoviet Union dzakadzidza kubva muzvikanganiso zvakanga zvisinganyanyi kuuraya. Nyika mbiri idzi dzakashingairira kuona kuti hapana chombo chenyukireya chakashandiswa munguva yeCold War nemagadzirirwo kana netsaona. Nyika itsva dzenyukireya nenyika zvichava nerombo rakanaka here mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera sezvatakaita munguva yeHondo Yemashoko?
* * *
Vatungamiri vakagadzirisa nyaya iyi munguva dzakapfuura. Muhurukuro yake ye“Atomu dzeRugare” kuUnited Nations muna 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower akavimbisa “kutsunga kweAmerica kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko reatomu rinotyisa—kupa mwoyo wayo wose nepfungwa kuti iwane nzira iyo kugadzirwa kunoshamisa kwemunhu kusingazopiwe rufu rwake, asi kutsaurirwa kuupenyu hwake.” John F. Kennedy, achitsvaka kuputsa mhinganidzo yokuparadza zvombo zvenyukireya, akati, “Nyika haina kuitirwa kuva jeri umo munhu anomirira kuurawa kwake.
Rajiv Gandhi, achitaura kuGeneral Assembly yeUN pana June 9, 1988, akakumbira, kuti: “Hondo yenyukireya haisati ichizoreva rufu rwavanhu vane mamirioni ane zana.
Ronald Reagan akakurudzira kubviswa kwe“zvombo zvenyukireya zvose,” zvaakafunga kuti “hazvina musoro zvachose, zvoutsinye zvachose, hazvina chazvakanakira kunze kwekuuraya, sezvinobvira kuparadza upenyu pasi pano nebudiriro.” Mikhail Gorbachev akagovera chiratidzo ichi, icho chakanga charatidzwawo nevatungamiri vekare veAmerica.
Kunyange zvazvo Reagan naVaGorbachev vakakundikana kuReykjavik kuzadzisa chinangwa chechibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvose, vakabudirira kushandura nhangemutange yezvombo pamusoro wayo. Vakatanga matanho anotungamirira kukuderedza kukuru kwemauto enyukireya akareba uye epakati-kati, kusanganisira kubviswa kweboka rose rezvombo zvinokandwa.
Chii chichatora kumutsiridza chiono chakagoverwa naReagan naVaGorbachev? Kubvumirana kwenyika yose kunogona kuumbwa kunotsanangura nhevedzano yenhano dzinoshanda dzinotungamirira kukuderedza kukuru kwengozi yenyukireya here? Pane kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzirisa dambudziko rinounzwa nemibvunzo miviri iyi.
Chibvumirano cheNon-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) chakaratidza kupera kwezvombo zvose zvenyukireya. Inopa (a) idzo nyika dzisina zvombo zvenyukireya kubvira 1967 dzinobvuma kusazviwana, uye (b) idzo dzinoti vanadzo dzinobvuma kuzvisiya pazvombo izvi nekufamba kwenguva. Mutungamiriri wega wega wemapato maviri kubva Richard Nixon akasimbisa zvisungo zvechibvumirano izvi, asi nyika dzisiri dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzakawedzera kusahadzika nekuvimbika kwemasimba enyukireya.
Nhamburiko dzakasimba dzokusaparadzira dziri kuitwa. Chirongwa cheCooperative Threat Reduction, Global Threat Reduction Initiative, Proliferation Security Initiative uye Yekuwedzera Protocols inzira itsva dzinopa maturusi matsva ane simba ekuona zviitiko zvinotyora NPT uye kuisa njodzi kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Vanokodzera kushandiswa zvizere. Nhaurirano dzekuwanda kwezvombo zvenyukireya neNorth Korea neIran, dzinosanganisira nhengo dzese dzeSecurity Council pamwe neGermany neJapan, dzakakosha zvakanyanya. Dzinofanira kuteverwa nesimba.
Asi ivo pachavo, hapana rimwe rematanho aya rakakwana kune njodzi. Reagan uye Munyori Mukuru Gorbachev vakashuvira kuita zvakawanda pamusangano wavo muReykjavik makore makumi maviri apfuura - kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya zvachose. Chiono chavo chakakatyamadza nyanzvi mudzidziso yekudzivirira nyukireya, asi chakasimbisa tariro dzevanhu pasi rese. Vatungamiri venyika mbiri dzine matura makuru ezvombo zvenyukireya vakakurukura kubviswa kwezvombo zvavo zvine simba zvikuru.
* * *
Chii chinofanira kuitwa? Ko vimbiso yeNPT nemikana yakaonekwa kuReykjavik ingazadzikiswa here? Isu tinotenda kuti kuedza kukuru kunofanirwa kutangwa neUnited States kuburitsa mhinduro yakanaka kuburikidza nematanho ekongiri.
Chekutanga ibasa rakasimba nevatungamiriri venyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya kushandura chinangwa chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya kuita mubatanidzwa. Bhizinesi rakabatana rakadaro, nekubatanidza shanduko muchimiro chenyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya, raizopa humwe huremu kukuedza kwatove kuitika kudzivirira kubuda kweNorth Korea neIran.
Hurongwa hunofanirwa kutsvagirwa zvibvumirano huchaita nhevedzano yenhanho dzakabvumiranwa uye dzechimbichimbi dzinozoisa hwaro hwenyika isina njodzi yenyukireya. Matanho angasanganisira:
Kuchinja mamiriro eHondo Yemashoko ezvombo zvenyukireya zvakaiswa kuti zviwedzere nguva yambiro uye nokudaro kuderedza njodzi yetsaona kana kushandiswa kusina mvumo kwechombo chenyukireya.
Kuenderera mberi nekuderedza zvakanyanya saizi yemasimba enyukireya mumatunhu ese anawo.
Kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvenguva pfupi zvakagadzirirwa kuendeswa mberi.
Kutanga hurongwa hwemapato maviri neSeneti, kusanganisira kunzwisisa kuti kuwedzere kuvimbwa uye kupa kuongororwa nguva nenguva, kuwana kugadzwa kweChibvumirano cheComprehensive Test Ban Treaty, kutora mukana wekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, uye kushandira kuchengetedza kubvumidzwa nedzimwe nyika dzakakosha.
Kupa zviyero zvepamusoro-soro zvekuchengetedza kune ese matura ezvombo, zvombo-zvinogona kushandiswa plutonium, uye yakafumiswa zvakanyanya uranium kwese kwese pasirese.
Kuwana hutongi hwekugadzirisa uranium, yakasanganiswa nevimbiso yekuti uranium yemareactor emagetsi enyukireya inogona kuwanikwa nemutengo unonzwisisika, kutanga kubva kuNuclear Suppliers Group uyezve kubva kuInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kana mamwe matura epasi rose anodzorwa. Zvichafanirwawo kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuwanda dzinounzwa nemafuta akashandiswa kubva kumareactor anogadzira magetsi.
Kumisa kugadzirwa kwezvombo pasi rose; kubvisa kushandiswa kweuranium yakafumiswa mukutengeserana kwevanhu uye kubvisa uranium inogona kushandiswa kubva kune zvombo zvekutsvagisa pasi rose uye kuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakachengeteka.
Kuwedzera kaviri kuedza kwedu kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwematunhu nemakakatanwa izvo zvinounza masimba matsva enyukireya.
Kuzadzikisa chinangwa chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya kunodawo matanho anoshanda ekuvhiringidza kana kupikisa chero maitiro ane chekuita nenyukireya angangotyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwechero nyika kana vanhu.
Kudzokororwa kwechiono chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya uye matanho anoshanda kusvika pakuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho chingave, uye chingaonekwa sechiito chakashinga chinopindirana nenhaka yeAmerica. Kuedza kwacho kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune chengetedzo yezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Pasina chiono chakashinga, zviito hazvizoonekwa sezvakanaka kana zvekukurumidzira. Pasina zviito, chiratidzo hachizoonekwa sechechokwadi kana chinogoneka.
Tinokurudzira kuisa chinangwa chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya uye kushanda nesimba pane zviito zvinodiwa kuti zvizadzise chinangwa ichocho, kutanga nematanho ataurwa pamusoro.
VaShultz, mumwe munhu anoremekedzwa paHoover Institution kuStanford, akanga ari munyori wehurumende kubva muna 1982 kusvika muna 1989. VaPerry vakanga vari munyori wezvekudzivirirwa kubva muna 1994 kusvika muna 1997. VaKissinger, sachigaro weKissinger Associates, vaiva munyori wehurumende kubva muna 1973 kusvika muna 1977. VaNunn Senate ndivo vaimbova sachigaro weArmed Services.
Musangano wakarongwa naVaShultz naSidney D. Drell wakaitwa kuHoover kuti vaonezve chiono chakaunzwa naReagan naVaGorbachev kuReykjavik. Kuwedzera kuna Messrs Shultz naDrell, vatori vechikamu vanotevera vanotsigirawo maonero muchirevo ichi: Martin Anderson, Steve Andreasen, Michael Armacost, William Crowe, James Goodby, Thomas Graham Jr., Thomas Henriksen, David Holloway, Max Kampelman, Jack Matlock, John McLaughlin, Don Oberdorwed Rogway, Don Oberdorwedfer, Rogway Abraham Sofaer.
Kuteerera kutaura uku kunoita kuti ndizvibvunze kuti vagadziri vezvombo vakanga vakabatana zvakadini parufu rwake.
Kutaura kukuru. Ndingati Eisenhower yambiro nezve njodzi yeMasoja-Industrial Complex inofanirwa kutariswa zvakare.
Tichazombodzidza rini mhirizhonga inobereka mhirizhonga uye kuti tiparadze kutenderera kwehondo isu tinofanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekuramba hupfumi hwevematongerwo enyika (republicans uye democrats) avo vakatitungamira (uye kunyepa) mumhirizhonga iyi kwemakore mazhinji ikozvino?
Tinotenda nerondedzero yenyu nekutiyeuchidza nezvekutaura uku. Zvinogara zviri nyore kududzira hurukuro dzemutungamiri wenyika kuburikidza nesefa yeavo vega ajenda uye zvakarerekera. Zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana chinangwa chaicho uye chinangwa. Munhu anofanira kugara achifunga kuti pane zvinofungwa nezvemamiriro ezvinhu enguva nenzvimbo, kuti zvairehwa kutamba nevavhoti, ndezvipi zvirongwa zvisingataurwi zvingava kusimudzira kana kupikisa, nezvimwewo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko, anongotorwa sezvaari, anokosha, uye mashoko anotaurwa pachena nemutungamiri weUnited States ane simba guru. Mutungamiri haasi mambo kana mudzvanyiriri, asi kutaura kwake paruzhinji kune simba guru rekupesvedzera nekukurudzira. Handikwanise kufunga nezve kumwe kutaura kwevezvematongerwo enyika kwakapa tariro yakawanda uye kurudziro, ichiri kusimba panjere, pragmatic uye kufunga, kumoyo nepfungwa dzevanhu kwese kwese pasirese, ipapo uye ikozvino. Martin Luther King ndiye ega munhu weruzhinji wandinoziva aikwanisa kuzviita nounyanzvi seizvi. Uye ivo vaviri vaive papeji imwe chete maererano nezvinodiwa zvemweya uye zvepragmatic zverunyararo. Tinovada iye zvino kupfuura kare. Munguva dzazvino, Dennis Kucinich chete ndiye akambouya pedyo. Waita David nezvese zvaunoita kuti pfungwa iyi ienderere mberi.
Tose tinofanira kurangarira shoko iri nhasi. Ndatenda!
Tinofanira kutsungirira mukutsvaka rugare. Hondo haidzivisiki. - JFK
Handiyeuki kutaura uku. Ndinoshuva kuti dai ndakaita uye kuti ichi chave chinangwa chikuru chekubuda kunze kwenyika. Zvakawanda kwazvo nyika ino haina pfungwa chaiyo yenyika isina hondo semhedzisiro yerunyararo. Yakanaka sei pfungwa yenyika ine runyararo rusingaperi, nyika imwe neimwe ichishanda kuita kuti nhengo yega yega ibudirire, ichipa kuenzana kwevose.
Zvakaoma kutenda isu taenda kure kumashure kubva pakutaura kwaKennedy. Inoda kuteererwa sekumuka.
"Isu, vakasaina pasi, tiri maRussia anogara uye achishanda muU.SA. Isu tanga tichitarisa nekuwedzera kushushikana sezvo mitemo yeUS neNATO yatiisa panjodzi yekukonana neRussian Federation, pamwe neChina." Vazhinji vanoremekedzwa, vanoda nyika yekuAmerica, vakaita saPaul Stephen Roberts, Stephen Cohen, Philip Giraldi, Ray McGovern nevamwe vazhinji vanga vachirasa Hondo Yenyika. pakati penhaurirano yeruzhinji izere nenyaya dzinonyengera uye dzisiri dzechokwadi dzinoratidza hupfumi hweRussia sehusina simba uye mauto eRussia asina kusimba - zvese zvichibva pasina humbowo hweRussia uye mamiriro azvino nzanga yeRussia nemauto eRussia, isu hatigone kumedza nhema idzi zviri nyore izvi:
Kana paine hondo neRussia, zvino United States
zvirokwazvo ichaparadzwa, uye vazhinji vedu tichaguma vakafa.
Ngatidzokei kumashure toisa zviri kuitika munhoroondo yenhoroondo. Russia ine…..” Verenga ZVAKAWANDA……. http://cluborlov.blogspot.ca/2016/05/a-russian-warning.html
Vhidhiyo yakanaka, asi pane imwe nzira yaungawedzera Yakavharwa Caption? Ndinoziva kuti zvikamu zvekutaura zvakadhindwa muchinyorwa, asi hazvina kurongeka.
Kubva pakuramba kwake kwekutanga kubvisa kurwisa kwaAnti-Castro Cuba neUSAF paBay of Pigs muna Kubvumbi 1961, kusvika pakuramba kupinzwa muhondo yekupfura pamusoro peBerlin muna Nyamavhuvhu 1961, kusvika pakutaurirana kwake pamusoro peLaos (pasina hondo yekupfura), kusvika pakuramba kwake 11/22/61 kurwisa US kuhondo yeCuba Missile Crisis, mukusimbirira kwake (uye hunyanzvi hwezvematongerwo enyika) mukuita kuti Nuclear Test Ban Treaty igamuchirwe, kuchisarudzo chake muna Gumiguru we1963 yekutanga kubviswa kwemauto ese eUS kubva kuVietnam - kubviswa kunopedzwa ne1965 - zvese zvinoratidzira kuzvipira kunzvenga hondo uye zvechokwadi kudzivirira mamiriro ari kuwedzera apo hondo yakava isingadzivisiki.
JFK, semutungamiri wenyika, akaita zvese zvaaigona kuti adzivise hondo. Akaita zvakawanda zvikuru kupfuura mumwe mutungamiriri upi noupi, asati asvika kana kuti kubva ipapo, kudzivisa hondo. Akanga aona hondo pedyo nepedyo, uye aiziva zvaityisa.
Zvinzvimbo zvake zvakatsamwisa maWar Machine munyika iyi zvekuti vakamuuraya. Uye hapana mutungamiri kubva ipapo ave neushingi hwekutora chimiro chakasimba kudaro kudzivirira hondo.
Kennedy's imharidzo yehunhu kubva kuchechi-purupiti maonero. Pane paanotaura nezve purofiti yakakura kune vagadziri vezvombo !!?, chikonzero chikuru chekuda kugadzira muvengi, iyo USSR, kuitira kuti ichengetedze mari mune iyo crevasse. IUSSR yakasarudzwa nekuda kwebasa rayo kumisa communism - kurayira nzanga kunyaradza vanhu mairi. Uku kutyisidzira nguva dzose kune Varidzi vedu, vabatsiri vedu. Normaha@pacbell.net
Kennedy's imharidzo yehunhu kubva kuchechi-purupiti maonero. Pane paanotaura nezve purofiti yakakura kune vagadziri vezvombo !!?, chikonzero chikuru chekuda kugadzira muvengi, iyo USSR, kuitira kuti ichengetedze mari mune iyo crevasse. IUSSR yakasarudzwa nekuda kwebasa rayo kumisa communism - kurayira nzanga kunyaradza vanhu mairi. Uku kutyisidzira nguva dzose kune Varidzi vedu, vabatsiri vedu.