NaDavid Swanson
Mukugadzirira a musangano unouya uye chisingaiti yakanangana nekupokana nekambani yehondo, nemusangano uchaitirwa kuAmerican University, handigoni kubatsira asi kukweverwa kuhurukuro yakapihwa nemutungamiri weUS kuAmerican University makore anodarika makumi mashanu apfuura. Kunyangwe kana iwe uchibvumirana neni kuti uku ndiko kutaura kwakanakisa kwati kwambopihwa nemutungamiri weUS, panofanirwa kuve nenharo diki yekuti ndiko kutaura kwakanyanya kusingaenderane nezvichataurwa nemunhu wese pagungano reRepublican kana reDemocratic gore rino. . Heino vhidhiyo yechikamu chakanakisa chekutaura:
Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy vaitaura panguva apo, senge izvozvi, Russia neUnited States vaive nezvombo zvenyukireya zvakaringana kugadzirira kuriridzana pachinguva chidiki chekuparadza pasi pehupenyu hwevanhu kakawanda pamusoro. Panguva iyoyo, zvakadaro, muna 1963, kwaingova nemarudzi matatu chete, kwete mapfumbamwe aripo, ane zvombo zvenyukireya, uye mazhinji mashoma pane izvozvi aine simba renyukireya. NATO yaive kure kure nemiganhu yeRussia. United States yakanga isina kungoita kubvuta muUkraine. United States yakanga isiri kuronga zvechiuto muPoland kana kuisa zvombo muPoland neRomania. Uye kwaisave kugadzira ma nuk madiki ayo aakatsanangura se "anonyanya kushandiswa." Basa rekutarisira zvombo zvenyukireya zveUS rakazoonekwa serine mukurumbira mumauto eUS, kwete nzvimbo yekurasa marara uye kukanganisa kwayakaita. Ruvengo pakati peRussia neUnited States rwakanga rwakakwira muna 1963, asi dambudziko iri raizivikanwa zvakanyanya nezve muUnited States, kusiyana nekusaziva kukuru kwazvino. Mamwe mazwi ehutsanana uye kuzvidzora aibvumidzwa munhau dzeUS uye kunyangwe muWhite House. Kennedy aishandisa murwiri werunyararo Norman Cousins semutumwa kuna Nikita Khrushchev, waasina kumbotsanangura, sekutaura kwakaita Hillary Clinton Vladimir Putin, sa "Hitler."
Kennedy akagadzira kutaura kwake semushonga wekusaziva, kunyanya iwo wekusaziva kuti hondo haidziviririke. Izvi zvinopesana nezvakataurwa nemutungamiri wenyika VaBarack Obama nguva pfupi yadarika muHiroshima uye pakutanga muPrague neOslo. Kennedy akati runyararo "inyaya inonyanya kukosha pasi pano." Iwo musoro wenyaya usina kubatika muna 2016 US mushandirapamwe wemutungamiri wenyika. Ini ndinotarisira zvizere gore rino regungano reRepublican yenyika kupemberera kusaziva.
Kennedy akaramba pfungwa ye "Pax Americana inosimbisirwa pasirese nezvombo zveAmerica zvehondo," chaizvo izvo mapato makuru maviri ezvematongerwo enyika izvozvi uye hurukuro zhinji pahondo nemapurezidhendi mazhinji apfuura eUS akambofarira. Kennedy akasvika pakutaura kuti ane hanya ne100% pane 4% yevanhu:
"... kwete rugare rwekuAmerica asi rugare rwevarume nevakadzi vose-kwete kungova nerunyararo munguva yedu asi runyararo nekusingaperi."
Kennedy akatsanangura hondo uye mhirizhonga uye kuvhiringidzika sezvisinganzwisisiki:
"Hondo yehondo inonzwisisika munguva iyo masimba makuru anogona kuchengetedza masimba enyukireya makuru uye asingagoni kuvharidzirwa uye anoramba kuzvipira pasina kushandiswa kune izvo simba. Hazvina musoro mukati mezera apo imwe nhumbi yenyukireya inenge inenge kagumi simba rinoputika rinotungamirirwa nehurumende dzose dzakabatana muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Hazvina maturo munguva iyo apo zvinouraya zvinouraya zvinokonzerwa nenyuchi yenyukireya zvingatakurwa nemhepo nemvura uye nevhu uye mbeu kusvika kumativi epasi enyika uye kumarudzi asina kumbozvarwa. "
Kennedy akatevera mari. Kushandisa kwemauto ikozvino kwapfuura hafu yemubatanidzwa discretionary kushandisa, uye zvakadaro kana Donald Trump kana Hillary Clinton havana kutaura kana kubvunzwa kunyangwe zvisinganzwisisike mazwi izvo zvavanoda kuona zvichishandiswa muchiuto. "Nhasi," akadaro Kennedy muna 1963,
"Kushandiswa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora gore rimwe nerimwe pamusoro pezvombo zvakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti hatitombofaniri kuzvishandisa zvinokosha kuti tive nerunyararo. Asi kunyangwe kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakadai zvisina maturo-izvo zvingangoparadza uye zvisingambogadziri-hazvisi izvo chete, zvakanyanya kudarika zvakanyanya, nzira dzekusimbisa rugare. "
Muna 2016 kunyange kukomba madzimambo vakashandurwa kunotsigira hondo pane "rugare rwepasi." Asi muna 1963 Kennedy vakataura nezvehukama sebhizimisi rakakomba rehurumende:
"Ini ndinotaura nerunyararo, saka, semakagumo ekugadzirisa emagariro evanhu. Ndinoona kuti kutevera rugare hakusi kunoshamisa sekutsvaka hondo-uye kazhinji mazwi eanotevera anowira panzeve dzisina matsi. Asi hatina basa rakaoma. Vamwe vanoti hazvina maturo kutaura nezvekugara kwenyika kana mutemo wenyika kana kusagadziriswa kwepasi-uye kuti hazvichabatsiri kusvikira vatungamiri veSoviet Union vagamuchira mafungiro akawanda. Ndinotarisira kuti vanoita. Ndinotenda kuti tinogona kuvabatsira kuti vaite. Asi ini ndinotendawo kuti tinofanira kuongororazve maonero edu-sevanhu uye seZvi-nekuti maonero edu anokosha savo. Uye vose vanopedza chikoro chechikoro ichi, vagari vese vanofungisisa avo vanorega kurwisana nehondo uye vanoda kuunza rugare, vanofanira kutanga vachitarisa mukati-nekuongorora maonero avo maonero ehukama, kune Soviet Union, kutarisana nehondo yechando uye kune rusununguko nerugare pano pamba. "
Unogona here kufungidzira chero mutauri akatenderwa kuRNC yegore rino kana DNC achikurudzira kuti muhukama hweUS neRussia chikamu chikuru chechinetso chingave chimiro cheUS? Iwe ungade here kubheja chako chinotevera chinopihwa kune chero eaya mapato? Ndingafarire kuzvigamuchira.
Runyararo, Kennedy akatsanangura nenzira isinganzwisisiki nhasi, inonyatsobvira:
"Kutanga: Ngatimboongororei mafungiro edu nerunyararo. Kune vakawanda vedu vanofunga kuti hazvibviri. Vakawanda vanofunga kuti hazvisi zvechokwadi. Asi ichocho chitendero chinotyisa, chinokunda. Inotungamirira kumhedziso yokuti hondo isingadzivisiki-kuti vanhu vanoparadzwa-kuti tinosungwa nemasimba atisingakwanisi kudzora. Hatifaniri kubvuma maonero iwayo. Dambudziko redu rakagadzirwa nemunhu-saka, rinogona kugadziriswa nemunhu. Uye munhu anogona kuva mukuru sezvaanoda. Hapana dambudziko rehupenyu hwevanhu hunopfuura vanhu. Chikonzero chomunhu nemweya zvakagadzirisa zvinenge zvisingaratidziki-uye tinotenda kuti vanogona kuzviita zvakare. Handiri kutaura nezvemhedziso, isingagumi yorugare uye zvakanaka zvido izvo vamwe vanofungidzira nevanofunga vanorota. Handirambi kukosha kwetariro uye kurota asi tinongokumbira kuora mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kuburikidza nokuita kuti isu chete uye chinangwa chedu. Ngatitarisei pane humwe hunobatsira, hunoita kuti tigone kuva nerunyararo-kwete kwete kuchinja kwechimbichimbi muhupenyu hwevanhu asi nekushanduka-shanduka mumasangano evanhu-pane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezviito uye zvibvumirano zvinobudirira izvo zviri munharaunda yevose vanofunga. Hapana imwechete, iri nyore yekuisa rugare uku-hakuna guru kana magic mazano ekugamuchirwa nemasimba maviri kana maviri. Runyararo rwechokwadi runofanira kuva chibereko chemarudzi akawanda, muwandu wemabasa akawanda. Inofanira kuva yakasimba, kwete kumira, kuchinja kusangana nechinetso chechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chitsva. Nokuti rugare inzira-nzira yekugadzirisa zvinetso. "
Kennedy akazora dzimwe dzemajaya evanhu vanowanzogara:
"Nehukama hwakadaro, pachava nekukakavadzana uye zvinopesana, sezvinowanikwa mumhuri nemarudzi. Rugare rwenyika, sehukama rwemagariro evanhu, harudi kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ade muvakidzani wake-zvinoda chete kuti vagare pamwe chete mukuwirirana, vachiendesa kukakavadzana kwavo kururamisiro nerunyararo. Uye nhoroondo inotidzidzisa kuti kuvengana pakati pemarudzi, semunhu pakati pevanhu, haingagari nekusingaperi. Kunyange zvakadaro zvakagadzirisa zvatinoda uye zvisingadi zvingaita sezvo, mafambiro epanguva uye zviitiko zvinowanzounza kuchinja kunoshamisa muhukama pakati pemarudzi nevavakidzani. Saka regai tirambe tichitsungirira. Runyararo harufaniri kunge rusingagoneki, uye hondo haifaniri kudziviswa. Nokurondedzera chinangwa chedu zvakajeka, nekuita kuti iite seinodiwa uye isingakwanisi kure, tinokwanisa kubatsira vanhu vose kuti vazvione, kuisa tariro kune iyo, uye kuenderera mberi kusinganzwisisiki. "
Kennedy ndiye anochema zvaanofunga, kana kuti anofunga kufunga, asingashandisi Soviet paranoia pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika eUnited States, Soviet kutsoropodza kusina kufanana nekuzvidza kwake oga kweCIA. Asi anotevera izvi kuburikidza nekuchikomberedza pamusoro pevanhu veUnited States:
"Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuverenga mazwi aya eSoviet-kuti aone kuwanda kwepakati pedu. Asi zvakare inyevero-nyevero kuvanhu veAmerica kuti vasapinda mumusungo mumwechete sevaSoviets, kwete kuona chete maonero akatsauka uye asina tariro kune rumwe rutivi, kwete kuona kupesana kusingadzivisiki, hogara sezvisingabviri, uye Kukurukurirana sechinhu chisingaiti kunze kwekuchinjana kwekutyisidzira. Hapana hurumende kana hutano hwevanhu huipi hwakaipa zvokuti vanhu vayo vanofanira kuonekwa sevanoshayikwa muhutano. Sevanhu veAmerica, tinowana hukomunistiya hunonyadzisa zvikuru sekuregerera rusununguko rwomunhu uye chiremerera. Asi isu tinogona kurumbidza vanhu veRussia nokuda kwezvavakaita zvakawanda-mune sayenzi uye nzvimbo, mune hupfumi nehuwandu hwemabhizimisi, mune tsika uye mune zviito zveushingi. Pakati pehutsika dzakawanda vanhu vemarudzi edu maviri vakafanana, hapana ane simba kupfuura kudanana kwedu kwehondo. Inenge ichinyanya kuve pakati pemasimba makuru enyika, hatina kumborwisana. Uye hapana rumwe rudzi munhoroondo yehondo rwakambotambudzwa kupfuura iyo Soviet Union yakatambura munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Zvichida 20 mamiriyoni akarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo. Mamiriyoni asingaverengeki emisha nemapurazi aipiswa kana avharwa. Chikamu chetatu chenharaunda yenyika, kusanganisira chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimusi, zvakashandurwa kuva dongo-kurasikirwa kwakaenzana nekuparadzwa kwenyika iri kumabvazuva kweChicago. "
Chimbofungidzira nhasi uchiedza kuita kuti vanhu veAmerica vatarise maonero avengivengi vakatarwa uye nguva dzose vachikokwa zvakare kuNCN kana MSNBC mushure mekunge. Chimbofungidzira kufungidzira kuti ndiani chaizvoizvo akaita ruzhinji rwekukunda Hondo Yenyika II kana kuti nei Russia iine chikonzero chakanaka chekutya utsinye kubva kumadokero!
Kennedy akadzokera kunzvimbo dzisina kufanana dzehondo inotonhora, iye zvino uye zvino:
"Nhasi, inofanira kuitika hondo yose yakasunungukazve-zvisinei kuti sei-nyika dzedu mbiri dzichava chinangwa chikuru. Icho chinhu chinoshamisa asi chakarurama kuti masimba maviri akasimba ndeaya maviri ari pangozi yekuparadza. Zvose zvatakavaka, zvese zvatashanda, zvinoparadzwa mumaawa ekutanga e24. Uye kunyange muhondo inotonhora, iyo inounza mitoro uye njodzi kumarudzi akawanda, kusanganisira iyi sangano repedyo reZimbabwe-nyika dzedu mbiri dzinotakura mitoro inorema. Nokuti isu tiri vaviri tinopa mari yakawanda kune zvombo zvingave zviri nani kuzvipira mukurwisana nekusaziva, urombo, uye zvirwere. Isu tose takabatwa mumhepo inotyisa uye inotyisa umo kushamwaridzana kune rumwe rutivi kunounza kushungurudzika pane imwe, uye zvombo zvitsva zvinobereka zvinyorwa. Muchidimbu, zvose zveUnited States uye vashandi vayo, uye Soviet Union nemabatanidzwa ayo, vane hanya zvakadzama mukururama kwechokwadi uye kwechokwadi uye pakugadzirisa rutsoka rwemhare. Zvibvumirano zvekupedzisira izvi zviri mune zvinodiwa neSoviet Union pamwe neyedu-uye kunyange nyika dzinonyanya kuvimba dzinogona kuvimbwa kugamuchira nekuchengeta zvibvumirano zvebvumirano, uye chete zvibvumirano zvesungano, izvo zvine zvido zvavo. "
Kennedy anokurudzira, nekunyadzisa nemitemo yevamwe, kuti United States inobvumira mamwe marudzi kutevera zviratidzo zvavo pachake:
"Saka, ngatiregei kuve mapofu kumakakatanwa edu-asi ngatitaurireiwo kutarisa kune zvatinoda pamwe uye nenzira iyo kusiyana uko kunogona kugadziriswa. Uye kana tisingakwanisi kugumisa zvino kusiyana kwedu, zvisinei tinokwanisa kubatsira nyika kuti ive yakachengeteka nokuda kwekusiyana. Nokuti, pakupedzisira, zvatinonyanyobatanidzwa zvachose ndezvokuti isu tose tinogara munyika ino duku. Tose tinofema mweya iwoyo. Isu tose tinokoshesa ramangwana revana vedu. Uye isu tose tinofa. "
Kennedy anodzokorora hondo inotonhora, panzvimbo yevaRussia, semuvengi:
"Regai tiongororezve maonero edu nehondo yekutonhora, tichiyeuka kuti hatisi mubatanidzwa mukukakavadzana, tichitsvaka kuunganidza kukakavadzana. Hatisi pano kuparadzira mhosva kana kuratidzira munwe wekutonga. Tinofanira kutarisana nenyika sezvazviri, uye kwete sezvingadai zvakave nemakore ekupedzisira e18 makore akasiyana. Tinofanira, saka, kutsungirira mukutsvaga rugare mune tariro kuti kuchinja kunovaka mukati memubatanidzwa weCommunist kunogona kuuya mukati mekugadzirisa matambudziko izvo zvino zvinoita sezviri mberi kwedu. Tinofanira kutungamira nhau dzedu nenzira yakadaro iyo inowanikwa mukufarira kweKomonisiti kubvumirana pamusoro pehutano rwechokwadi. Pamusoro pezvose, tichidzivirira zvatinoda, zvigetsi zvenyu zvinofanira kusimbisa izvo zvinopikisa zvinounza muvengi kune sarudzo yekunyadzisa kana hondo yenyukireya. Kutora rudzi rwemhando iyoyo munguva yenyukireya kunogona kuva uchapupu hwekudarika kwepurogiramu yedu-kana yekufa pamwe-kudai nyika. "
Nekutaura kwaKennedy, hurumende yeUnited States iri kutevera rufu-chido chepasi, sezvakataurwa naMartin Luther King makore mana gare gare, hurumende yeUnited States yava "yafa mune zvokunamata." Izvo zvisiri kureva kuti hapana chakauya kubva pakutaura kwaKennedy uye basa rakaitevera mumwedzi mishanu asati aurayiwa nevarwi veUnited States. Kennedy akarayirwa muhurukuro kusikwa kwechitambo chekutengesa pakati pehurumende mbiri, iyo yakasikwa. Akaronga kurambidzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye akazivisa kusagadzikana kweUnited States kwekushandiswa kwenyukireya mumhepo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nechibvumirano chekurambidza kuedza kwenyukireya kunze kwepasi pevhu. Uye izvo zvakatungamirira, sezvakaitwa naKennedy, kubatanidzwa kukuru uye zvibvumirano zvakakura zvekudzivirira zvombo.
Hurukuro iyi inotungamirirwa nedhigirii zvakaoma kuenzanisa nekupikisa kweUnited States kutanga hondo itsva. Dai iyo inoshanda kukurudzira a mufambo kuunza kubviswa kwehondo kune chokwadi.
30 Mhinduro
Ndinokutendai pakunyorera izvi nemashoko enyu chaiwo. Ini ndiri mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weMarch For Our Lives 2016 .in Philly.
Iyo pfungwa uye pfungwa yerunyararo haisi kupfuura…. isu tinofanirwa kuzvitaura uye kugamuchira chokwadi cheRunyararo. Hatisi toga mune idzi pfungwa. isu tinongoda kuungana uye titaure nezvazvo… kuungana mumapoka madiki uye mapoka makuru… murunyararo nezverunyararo runyararo.
wazviita
j. Patrick Doyle
Ndiyo kutaura kwakanaka, zvakanaka. Kennedy nguva dzose aigara akaoma anti-Communist. Uye izvo zvakanga zvichiri zvechokwadi paakatanga kuva Mutungamiri. Kunyangwe izvozvo zvakanga zvichiri zvechokwadi muC1963 nyaya yekukakavadzana. Zvichida akave ane epiphany. Dai akange asati ari dhimboni anti-Communist mu1963, kana iye chaizvoizvo achizova mukuru wezvechokwadi nezvehondo, nyukireya uye zvimwe, izvo zvingava chikonzero nei akaurayiwa. Hatingambozivi kana ichi ndicho ichocho kana kwete.
Kennedy aive akarurama pamusoro pekufa kwevanhu pamwe chete, avo veAmerica nhasi vanoita kunge vane chirwere chisingagumi uye chisingagumi.
Ini ndinobvuma Lucymarie Ruth, kutaura kwakanaka zvirokwazvo neMutungamiriri Kennedy kurwisa kusaziva. Ndatenda worldbeyondwar.org nekuunza runyararo kuElection 2016. Ndinotarisira kuenda kumusangano wako munaGunyana, uye ndichazonyora izvi paFacebook neTwitter… Gara Nzira!
Bobby Kennedy, mubvunzurudzo paakanga achimhanyira Mutungamiri mushure mekuuraya kwehama yake, akasimbisa kuti JFK yaisazombobvumidza iye Vietnamese kuti abvise masimba ekoloni kubva munyika yavo. Bobby akataura chirevo chedomino mukururamisa. Saka mazwi aJFK anonzwika seakanaka chaizvo, asi kuita kwake kwaizoita, sezvavanotaura, ataura zvinonzwika kupfuura mazwi ake.
Hongu, isu TINOZIVA zvakawanda zvino kupfuura paakataura. Kuti uwane maonero akazara pamusoro pekuti sei akaurayiwa, ndapota verenga bhuku rakashamisa rakanyorwa naJames Douglass, "JFK uye Asingataurike."
Lucymarie Ruth,
Rega ndikubvunzei zvinotevera: dai mutsara wakaoma-mutomunisti akaita izvi zvinotevera:
1. Nyora Munyori weHurumende John Foster Dulles tsamba ine makumi mana nemanomwe mibvunzo yakananga pamusoro pezvinoratidzwa neUnited States muVietnam, kubvunza kuti nzira yekugadzirisa zvehondo (kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvombo zveatomu) inogona kuitika sei (seSeneti, mu1953)?
2. Dzivirira rusununguko rweAlgeria padare reSeneti (1957), kupokana neruzhinji rwemaonero ezvematongerwo enyika eUS uye nekusafarirwa neiye anozivikanwa "anofambira mberi" Adlai Stevenson?
3. Dzinodzivirira Patrice Lumumba uye hurumende yeCongan kune vekumadokero (yeEuropean-America) vanofarira kupora zvinhu zvose zvakadaro zvakadai semakomunisti-akafuridzirwa?
4. Kutsigira Sukarno muIndonesia, mumwe mutungamiri wenyika isingatenderwi akashandura ukama hwemakominist, uye anoshanda naDag Hammarskjold kwete chete kuCongo, asiwo mune Indonesian mamiriro ezvinhu?
5. Ita kuti chirevo chekuti mauto eAmerica asabatanidzwe mune zvaakatungamirirwa kuti ave nokutenda ndeyeCuban yekuda kudzorera chitsuwa (Bay of Pigs), uye kubatisisa kune iyo kunyange sezvo kupindira kwazviratidzika kuva dambudziko?
6. Unoramba kuAmerican kurwisana muLaos uye unomiririra kune unyanzvi hwekugara neutralist?
7. Kuramba, zvichida 9 nguva mu 1961 chete, kuisa mauto pasi pano kuVietnam, uye, zvingava woga, unomiririra pane izvozvi mumasvondo maviri apikisana nevadzidzisi muna November we1961?
8. Tevera izvi kumusoro neurongwa hwakatanga mu 1962 uye wakaiswa pamapepa (naMeyi we1963) kuti abvise kunyange vatungamiri vaakange vatumira?
9. Mutungamiri Mukuru Lucius Clay kutamisa matangi ake kubva kumuganhu kuBerlin munguva yematambudziko eBerlin?
10. Shandisa nzira yekudzokera shure neyeKrushchev kuitira kuti uende nehondo, CIA uye kunyange vadzidzisi vake pachavo uye mushure meMissile Crisis, zvakare zvakare kuva munhu oga weboka (sezvazvaratidzwa nemisangano yakagadzirwa) kuti arambe achidzivisa zvose- kunze kwebhodhi uye kupinda kwechitsuwa chacho?
11. Shandisa zvakafanana zvakare-mugwagwa kuti uedze kuderedza hukama nekudzokorora ukama hukama ne Castro mu 1963?
Zvino zvibvunze mubvunzo uyu: mumwe munhu akafanana naRichard Nixon, murume uyo akaita basa reRud-baiting, mukomana uyo akaumba Alger Hiss, mukomana uyo ari pasi peEisenhower aiva mumwe wevarimi veCIA vakaronga kupinda Cuba, vakaita Saizvozvowo?
Zvino, chokwadika, mumwe anogona kunongedzera kune mamwe maJFK anowedzera kurira-kurira, "kutakura chero mutoro" hurukuro. Asi wadii zvakare kutaura nezve iyo JFK iyo yakaita zvirevo izvi:
"Shanduko yeAfro-Asia yerudzi, kumukira kukolonialism, kutsunga kwevanhu kudzora magumo avo emunyika… mumaonero angu kukundikana kunosiririsa kwehutongi hweRepublican neDemocratic kubvira Hondo Yenyika II kunzwisisa mamiriro echimurenga ichi, mikana yezvakanaka nezvakaipa, yakakohwa gohwo rinovava nhasi - uye nekodzero uye nekudikanwa inyaya huru yekuratidzira mutemo wezvekunze isina chekuita nekupokana necommunism. ” - kubva pane hurukuro yakapihwa panguva yemushandirapamwe weStevenson, 1956)
"Tinofanira kutarisana nenyaya yekuti United States haina masimba ese kana kuziva zvese, kuti isu tangova 6% yevagari vepasi, kuti hatigone kumanikidza kuda kwedu kune vamwe 94% vevanhu, kuti isu hatigone kugadzirisa zvakaipa zvese kana kudzosera imwe neimwe nhamo, uye nokudaro hakugone kuve nemhinduro yeAmerica kumatambudziko epasi rese. ” - kubva kukero kuYunivhesiti yeWashington, Seattle, Mbudzi 16, 1961
Avo vanoita runyararo runyararo zvisingaite vanozoita mhirizhonga isingadzivisike. - John F. Kennedy, kubva pane zvakataurwa pachiitiko chekutanga cheAlliance for Progress, Kurume 13, 1962
Mazhinji ebhizinesi rekudzokorodza nezve JFK iyo "yakaoma-mutsetse anticommunist" yakavakirwa pane zvimwe zvake zveveruzhinji, izvo zvakagadzirwa nekuti aigara achiziva mamiriro ekunze aaifanira kushanda. Asi rega ndibvunze izvi: Obama akataura zvakawanda zvemushandirapamwe zvirevo zvisina kuteedzerwa nezviito zvake muhofisi. Waizotonga sei Hutungamiri hwake, nezvaakataura kana nezvaakaita?
Ndingakurudzira kuti uverenge mabhuku anotevera kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani yezvekunze mutemo weJFK:
1. Richard Mahoney, Ordeal MuAfrica
2. Firipi E. Muehlenbeck, Kubheta kune veAfrica
3. Robert Rakove, Kennedy, Johnson uye Nonaligned World
4. Greg Poulgrain, The Incubus of Intervention
5. John Newman, JFK uye Vietnam
6. James Blight, Virtual JFK: Vietnam kana Kennedy Ave Anorarama
7. Gordon Goldstein, Zvidzidzo muNhamo
8. David Talbot, Dhiyabhorosi Chessboard
9. James Douglass, JFK uye Haasingaoneki
10. Zvitsauko zvina zvekutanga uye zvitsauko zviviri zvekupedzisira zvaJames DiEugenio's Destiny Betrayed.
Kana iwe ukaita basa rako rechikoro, iwe uchaona kuti iyo American University kutaura hakushamisi, kushoma kwe "kutendeuka" kupfuura zvazvinoonekwa, uye nekuwedzera kwekushanduka kunonzwisisika mune iyo kosi JFK yaakange azviisa pairi.
PS ndinobvumirana nekuongororwa kwaDavid kuti kutaura ndiko "kwakanyanya kutsika pane zvinozotaurwa nechero munhu kuRepublican kana kuDemocratic National Convention gore rino." Ini ndiri mukufunga kwekuti "kuve kunze kwedanho" kunozivisa Kennedy zvachose. Izvo zvakaoma kuwana hunhu uye hunhu hwakaenzana neake pakati pevagari vemuWhite House, zvirinani mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura kana zvakadaro.
PPS Mukukurumidza kwangu ndakapfupisa zita re (1); zviri chaizvo "JFK: Ordeal mu Africa."
Kubvuma kukuru!
Kana zvematongerwo enyika, uye kunyanya shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika, ichifanira kunge ichivakirwa pakuferefetwa kwevanhu, zvinogona kunge zvichidzidzisa kuongorora zvivakwa zvaVaKennedy muhurukuro iyi, vaviri vacho, maIrish nemaKatorike, kuti vatarise midzi yedu "kufa shuwa", iyo ini yandinowana mune yedu yechiGerman tsika yemadzitateguru. Hans-Peter Hasenfratz, muchidimbu, isina kudzidza monograph (yakashambadzirwa nechirungu seBarbarian Rites), anoti hutongi hwejeremende, kunyangwe nekubata varanda, yakapa nzira makore chiuru apfuura kuzviparadza, kubhinya nyika. tsika ndinodaidza ideology, ndichitsiva kufungidzira nefungidziro, iyo yandicharatidza mumatauriro ake, senge philologist anoongorora nhoroondo yechitendero, kuti murume wechidiki wechiGerman wenguva ino akawana kukudzwa kukuru pakati pemhuri neshamwari nekutanga kurwa neakanakisa shamwari pane yekuita chimwe chinhu chinovaka, senge, toti, kudyara oats kana kuvaka igwa. Sezviri pachena kudhumhana nechiKristudhomu, mukukakavadzana kwayo pamusoro pokubatana uye mhirizhonga, kwakaburitsa zvakaipisisa mutsika dzechiGerman uye zvakadzvanya zvakanakisa. Chii chaive chakanakisa: izwi rekuti "chinhu" chiNorse, kureva, chiGerman, izwi remusangano weguta. Iyo yakakosha sine qua isiri mufilosofi uye nekudaro yetsika uye nokudaro yemutemo ndeyekuti Mumwe anokwanisa kukakavadzana neni. Ini uye chero ani, isu tine chinhu ichi. Chero tikatadzisana zvakadii.
Nenzira, ndinofunga kuti France yakatova nezvombo zvenyukireya mu 1963.
Tinogonawo kumutenda nokuda kwehondo inoshamisa yeUnited States muVietnam!
Kwete! Iyo yaive LBJ. JFK yakaganhurira kubatanidzwa kweUS kune vashoma kwazvo, uye yanga ichida kubvisa – Ona bhuku reDouglass rataurwa pamusoro kuti unzwisise zvirinani.
Zvaive zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura izvo. Truman akaperekedza zvikepe zveFrance zvekupinda zvakare muna 1945. Ike akadzivirira sarudzo dzekubatanidza uye akaisa mazana emazana emauto emauto eU.S. JFK yakawedzera huwandu hwe "vanachipangamazano" kusvika pakukura kwechikwata chevacheche asi vasina zvombo zvinorema, asi vekupedzisira vaive padyo pazvikepe zveUS Navy nemaUSA mabhesi. LBJ naNixon vakawedzera zvakanyanya hondo.
Tinokwanisa kuenda mberi shure kana zvasvika kuUnited States kuAsia nePacific.
Ndinotenda JFK akanga ari munhu chaiye chaizvo panguva yekutaura ikoko. Uyewo tenda kuti iyi inyaya ine simba zvikuru ne World Without War iyo inofanira kuverengwa nevatungamiriri vose vezvematongerwo enyika, kunyanya avo vanovandira POTUS muUnited States.
Turkey yakanga isati yava nhengo yeNATO - uye yakaparadzanisa Soviet Union. Turkey inogovera muganhu neGeorgia neArmenia; chaipo shure kwavo chinoreva Russia pachayo.
Rutsigiro rwakabhadharwa haisi kukwidza.
Zviripachena kuti iwe wakanwa iyo Kool-Aid iyo yaizoita kuti Kennedy aite kunge saiye akafira kutenda. Munguva yake pfupi ari muhofisi, zvitendero zvake zvekushambadza zvainyatso kuoneka nekuvakwa kwemaoko kwakaramba kuchienderera kubva kuIke, kuenda kune dzakasiyana 'dzakapfava' kurwisa kweSouth neCentral America kwakabatsira kuvhurira nzira yehutongi hune hutsinye kuenderera kuburikidza naReagan zvichingodaro. . Ngatisakanganwe mhirizhonga isinganzwisisike yaakabatsira kutanga muS.Vietnam, maviri akakosha magwaro akapatsanurwa NSAM 263 uye NSAM 273 ichipa humbowo hwekuti aisazodzokera mukumisa hondo yakafara muVietnam. Ngatisatongere murume nemashoko ake anotapira uye anoita kunge ane mweya, asi nezviito zvake uchamuziva. Ndingafungidzira kutsvagurudza kwedzidzo usati waimba kurumbidzwa kwemurume anga ari wese mukondo wehondo uye bapiro rerudyi akatsamira seaya aripo nhasi…
Ndinobvumirana newe 100%. Hurukuro dzinoshandiswa kunyengedza vanhu uye kupupurira mukurumbira. Zviito, uye kunyanya mabhomba uye mabhomba, vanoverengera zvakanyanya kupfuura mazwi, kunyanya kune avo vari kuguma kugamuchira.
Ike akaita zvakawanda kuti agadzirise hurumende yekusagadzirwa kwemauto kusingagumi kupfuura mamwe ose vatungamiri akabatanidzwa, uye aiziva zvaive zvichiitika, sezvo shanduro yekutanga yehurukuro yake yakakurumbira yakapiwa mukati megore re1953, pedyo nekutangira kwekutanga kwekutanga.
Nyika Isingashandisi Nyukliya Zvombo
NeGeorge P. SHULTZ, WILLIAM J. PERRY, HENRY A. KISSINGER uye SAM NUNN
Yakavandudzwa Jan. 4, 2007 12: 01 am ET
Zvombo zvenyukireya nhasi zvinopa njodzi dzinotyisa, asiwo mukana wekare. Hutungamiri hweUS vanozodikanwa kuti vatore nyika kuenda padanho rinotevera - kubvumirano yakasimba yekudzosa kuvimba nezvombo zvenyukireya pasi rose sechipo chakakosha mukudzivirira kuwanda kwavo kuva maoko anogona kuva nenjodzi, uye pakupedzisira vachizopedza sekutyisidzira nyika.
Zvombo zvenyukireya zvaive zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze kuchengeteka kwenyika yose munguva yeCold War nokuti vakange vari nzira yekudzivisa. Kuguma kweCold War kwakaita kuti dzidziso yekubatana kweSoviet neAmerica kusagadzikana. Deterrence inoramba ichinyatsoenderana kune dzimwe nyika pamusoro pekutyisidzira kune dzimwe nyika. Asi kuvimba nezvombo zvenyukliya nekuda kwechinangwa ichi kuri kuwedzera kukuvadza uye kunopera zvishoma.
North Korea yazvino nyukireya kuyedza uye kuramba kweIran kumisa chirongwa chayo chekufumisa uranium - ingangoita giredhi rezvombo - inosimbisa chokwadi chekuti nyika yave padanho renyowani uye ine njodzi nguva yenyukireya. Zvinotyisa kwazvo, mukana wekuti magandanga asiri ehurumende aise maoko avo pazvombo zvenyukireya ari kuwedzera. Muhondo yanhasi inorwiwa nehurongwa hwepasi rose nemagandanga, zvombo zvenyukireya ndiyo nzira yekupedzisira yekuparadza kukuru. Uye asiri-ehurumende magandanga mapoka ane zvombo zvenyukireya anofungidzira ari kunze kwemiganhu yezano rekudzivirira uye anounza matambudziko matsva ekuchengetedza.
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Kunze kwekutyisidzira kwegandanga, kunze kwekunge matanho matsva akurumidza kutorwa, iyo US munguva pfupi inozomanikidzwa kupinda munguva nyukireya itsva ichave inotyisa, kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, uye hupfumi zvakatonyanya kudhura kupfuura zvakaitwa neCold War kudzivirira. Hazvina chokwadi chekuti tinogona kubudirira kudzokorora zvekare-zveSoviet-America "kuparadzaniswa zvakavimbiswa" pamwe nekuwedzera huwandu hwevangangove vavengi venyukireya pasirese pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvichashandiswa. Nyukireya nyowani nyika hadzina bhenefiti yemakore enhanho-nhanho dziviriro dzinoiswa panguva yeCold War kudzivirira tsaona dzenyukireya, kutonga zvisizvo kana kumisikidzwa kusingatenderwe. United States neSoviet Union dzakadzidza kubva mukukanganisa kwaive kushoma pane kufa. Nyika mbiri idzi dzaishingairira kuona kuti hapana chombo chenyukireya chakashandiswa panguva yeCold War nekugadzira kana netsaona. Nyika nyukireya nyowani nenyika zvichave nerombo rakanaka mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera sezvataive panguva yeCold War?
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Vatungamiriri vakataura nyaya iyi munguva dzekare. Mune kero yake ye "Atoms for Peace" kuUnited Nations muna 1953, Dwight D. Eisenhower akavimbisa America "kutsunga kubatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rinotyisa reatomiki - kupa moyo wayo wese nepfungwa kuti vawane nzira iyo chishamiso chekuita kwevanhu kwete kuzvipira kurufu rwake, asi akazvitsaurira kuupenyu hwake. ” John F. Kennedy, achitsvaga kutyora logjam pane zvombo zvenyukireya, akati, "Nyika haina kuitirwa kuti ive jeri umo munhu akamirira kuurayiwa."
Rajiv Gandhi, achitaura kuUN General Assembly musi wa9 Chikumi, 1988, akateterera, “Hondo yenyukireya hairevi kufa kwevanhu zana miriyoni. Kana kunyangwe chiuru chemamirioni. Izvi zvinoreva kutsakatika kwemamirioni zviuru zvina: kuguma kwehupenyu sekuziva kwedu pasi redu. Tinouya kuUnited Nations kutsvaga rubatsiro rwako. Tinotsvaga rutsigiro rwenyu kumisa kupenga uku. ”
Ronald Reagan akarayira kubviswa kwe "zvombo zvese zvenyukireya," izvo zvaakaona kunge "zvisina musoro zvachose, zvisina hunhu, zvisina basa kunze kwekuuraya, pamwe zvichiparadza hupenyu pasi pano nebudiriro." Mikhail Gorbachev akagovana chiono ichi, icho chakange chataurwa zvakare nevatungamiriri vekare veAmerica.
Kunyange zvazvo Reagan uye VaKorbachev vakakundikana kuReykjavik kuti vabudirire chinangwa chechibvumirano chokubvisa zvombo zvese zvenyukireya, vakabudirira mukugadzirisa zvombo pamusoro wayo. Vakatanga matanho ekutungamirira kuderedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwenguva refu uye mukati-kati-mauto enyukireya masimba, kusanganisira kubviswa kwekirasi yose yezvombo zvinopisa.
Chii chichazoita kuti chidzoke zvakare chiratidzo chakagoverwa naReagan naVaGo Gorbachev? Ko kubvumirana kwepasi pose kungave kwakagadzirirwa here kunotsanangura mutsara wematanho anobatsira anotungamirira kukuderedza kukuru kwengozi yenyukireya? Pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidza kugadzirisa dambudziko rinowanikwa nemibvunzo miviri iyi.
I-Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) yaifungidzira kuguma kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Inopa (a) iyo inotaura kuti yakanga isina zvombo zvenyukireya seya 1967 inobvumirana kuti irege kuigamuchira, uye (b) iyo inotaura kuti inayo inobvumirana kuzvitsaura zvombo izvi munguva. Mutungamiri wega wega mapato maviri kubva Richard Nixon akatsigira zvibvumirano izvi, asi zvisiri zvenyukireya zvombo zvehurumende zvakakura zvichinyanya kuvhiringidza kuvimbika kwemasimba enyukireya.
Simba risina kupera simba riri kuitika. Sangano reKoperative Dambudziko rekuderedza, Global Threat Reduction Initiative, Proliferation Security Initiative uye Zvimwe Zvinyorwa zvinowedzera nzira dzinopa zvishandiso zvitsva zvekuona zvinhu zvinopesana neNPT uye zvinokanganisa kuchengeteka kwenyika. Vanofanirwa kuzadziswa. Hurukuro pamusoro pekupararira kwezvombo zvenyukireya neNorth Korea neIran, iyo inosanganisira nhengo dzose dzisingagumi dzeSouth Council pamwe neGermany neJapan, dzinokosha zvakakosha. Vanofanira kushingaira kuteverwa.
Asi pachezvazvo, hapana kana imwe yeaya matanho akakwana kune njodzi. Reagan uye General Secretary Gorbachev vaishuvira kuita zvakawanda pamusangano wavo muReykjavik makore makumi maviri apfuura - kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya zvachose. Chiono chavo chakakatyamadza nyanzvi mune dzidziso yekudzivirira kwenyukireya, asi chakasimudzira tariro dzevanhu pasi rese. Vatungamiriri venyika mbiri vane zvombo zvakakura kwazvo zvezvombo zvenyukireya vakakurukura kubviswa kwezvombo zvavo zvine simba.
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Chii chinofanira kuitwa? Icho chivimbiso cheNPT nemikana inofungidzirwa paReykjavik inokonzerwa here? Tinotenda kuti basa guru rinofanira kutanga neUnited States kuti ribudise mhinduro yakanaka kuburikidza nematanho echokwadi.
Chokutanga uye chakakosha basa rakaoma nevatungamiri venyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya kuchinja chinangwa chepasi risina zvombo zvenyukireya kuita sangano rekubatana. Sangano rakabatana rakadaro, nekubatanidza kuchinja mune maitiro ehurumende ane zvombo zvenyukireya, zvinokweretesa kuwedzera kwekuita kwezviri kuitwa zviri kuitika kuti urege kudzika kwezvombo zvenyukireya-zvakagadzirirwa North Korea uye Iran.
Purogiramu iyo zvibvumirano zvinofanira kutsvakwa zvingangodaro mazano akabatanidzwa uye anokurumidzira aizotarisa hwaro hwepasi risina tsvina yenyukireya. Matanho aizobatanidza:
Kuchinja Hondo Dzemauto kusarudzwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya zvakashandiswa kuti uwedzere nguva yekuyambira uye nokudaro kuderedza dambudziko rekushandiswa kana kusabvumirwa kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya.
Kuenderera mberi kuderedza zvakadzama ukuru hwemasimba enyukireya munharaunda dzose dzine zvadzo.
Kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya zvishomanana zvakagadzirirwa kuva mberi-zvakashandiswa.
Kutanga bipartisan nenzira neSeneti, kusanganisira kunzwisisa kuti kuwedzere kuvimba uye kupa nguva yekuongorororwa, kugona kugadziriswa kweComprehensive Test Ban Treaty, kushandisa ruzivo rwekufambira mberi kwemazuva ano, nekushandira kuchengetedza kuratidzirwa nedzimwe nyika dzinokosha.
Kupa zvakakwirira zvakakosha zvekuchengeteka kwezvikwata zvose zvezvombo, zvombo-zvinoshandiswa plutonium, uye zvakakosha zvikuru uranium kwese kwese munyika.
Kugadziriswa kwehurongwa hwekuvandudza uranium, pamwe chete nechivimbo chokuti uranium yezvigadzirisheni zvekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya inogona kuwanikwa pamutengo unobatsira, kutanga kubva kuNuclear Suppliers Group uye kubva kuInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzenyika dzakawanda. Zvichavawo zvakafanira kurarama nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunobudiswa nemafuta anoshandiswa kubva kumagetsi anobudisa magetsi.
Kugadzirisa kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvepissile kune zvombo pasi rose; kupedza kushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kwakanyanya kweu uranium mune zvematongerwo enyika uye kubvisa zvombo-zvinoshandiswa uranium kubva kune zvivako zvekutsvakurudza zvakapoteredza pasi nekupa zvinhu zvakachengeteka.
Kudzorera zvatinoshandisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko emagariro uye kukakavadzana kunopa hurumende itsva.
Kuzadzisa chinangwa chepasi risina zvombo zvenyukireya kunodawo matanho anoshanda ekudzivirira kana kupikisa chero zviitiko zvehukliya zvingave zvingangoisa kune ngozi kune chero nyika kana vanhu.
Kudzoreredzwa kwechiono chenyika isina zvombo zvenyukireya uye matanho anoshanda pakuzadzisa icho chinangwa chingave, uye chichaonekwa se, danho rakashinga rinoenderana nehunhu hweAmerica. Iko kuedza kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka pane chengetedzo yezvizvarwa zvinotevera. Pasina chiono chakashinga, zviito hazvionekwe sezvakanaka kana nekukurumidza. Pasina zviito, zvakaratidzwa hazvizonzwisisike sezvazviri kana zvinogoneka.
Tinotsigira kuisa chinangwa chepasi risina zvombo zvenyukireya uye kushanda nesimba pamusoro pezviito zvinodiwa kuti zvizadzise chinangwa ichocho, kutanga nemitemo yakataurwa pamusoro apa.
VaShultz, shamwari yakakurumbira paHoover Institution paStford, aiva munyori wehurumende kubva ku1982 kusvika ku1989. VaPerry vaiva munyori wezvidziviriro kubva ku1994 kusvika ku1997. Mr. Kissinger, sachigaro weKissinger Associates, aiva munyori wehurumende kubva ku1973 kusvika ku1977. VaNunn ndivo vaimbova sachigaro weSenate Armed Services Committee.
Musangano wakarongedzwa naVaShultz naSidney D. Drell vakaitirwa paHoover kuti vafunge zvakare nezvemaonero aReagan naVaGo Gorbachev vakauya naye kuReykjavik. Mukuwedzera kune Messrs Shultz naDrell, vateveri vanotevera vanotsigirawo maonero aya mumashoko aya: Martin Anderson, Steve Andreasen, Michael Armacost, William Crowe, James Goodby, Thomas Graham Jr., Thomas Henriksen, David Holloway, Max Kampelman, Jack Matlock, John McLaughlin, Don Oberdorfer, Rozanne Ridgway, Henry Rowen, Roald Sagdeev naAbhurahama Sofaer.
Kuteerera mutauro uyu kunondiita kuti ndive ndichishamisika kuti kuve nekubatanidzwa kwevanhu vanogadzira zvombo vaiva murufu rwake.
Kutaura kukuru. Ndaizoti Eisenhower kunyeverwa kwehungwaru hweMasitori-Industrial Complex inofanirwa kufanirwa kufungisisa zvakare.
Ndeipi patinozodzidza chisimba chinowedzera hutsinye uye kuitira kuti tiputse urongwa huno hwehondo tinoda kuwana nzira yekuregeredza kubhadhara mari kwezvematongerwo enyika (vezvematongerwo enyika nevatongi vezvematongerwo enyika) vakatitungamirira (uye vakareva nhema) kwatiri mumatambudziko aya kune vakawanda makore zvino?
Kutenda nerondedzero yako uye kutiyeuchidza nezvedu kutaura. Izvo zvinowanzo kuve nyore kududzira hurukuro dzemutungamiri wenyika kuburikidza nefaera yeaya avo ajenda uye rusaruro. Izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara kuwana chaicho chinangwa uye chinangwa. Mumwe anofanirwa kugara achifunga kuti pane zvinoonekwa zvemamiriro enguva nenzvimbo, zvairehwa kutamba kune vavhoti, ndezvipi zvisina kutaurwa zvirongwa zvingave zvichikurudzira kana kupikisa, nezvimwe zvakadaro, zvakadaro, mazwi, anongotorwa sekukosha kwechiso, akakosha, uye mazwi akataurwa pachena nemutungamiri weUnited States ane mukana wakakura. Mutungamiri haasi mambo kana mudzvanyiriri, asi kutaura kwake kuruzhinji kune simba rakakura kukurudzira uye kukurudzira. Handikwanise kufunga kumwe kutaura nevezvematongerwo enyika uko kwakapa tariro yakawanda nekurudziro, ndichiri akasimba njere, pragmatic uye kufunga, kumoyo nepfungwa dzevanhu kwese kwese pasirese, uye ikozvino. Martin Luther King ndiye ega mumwe yeruzhinji munhu wandinoziva aigona kuzviita zvinehunyanzvi seizvi. Uye ivo vese vaive papeji imwechete maererano nezve zvemweya pamwe nekufunga kudikanwa kwerunyararo. Tinovada izvozvi kupfuura nakare kose. Munguva dzazvino, chete Dennis Kucinich ndiye chete akasvika padhuze. Ndinokutendai David pane zvese zvamunoita kuti pfungwa iyi irambe ichienderera.
Isu tose tinoda kuyeuka iyi mharidzo nhasi. Ndatenda!
Tinofanira kutsungirira mukutsvaga runyararo. Hondo haidziviriki. - JFK
Handiyeuki kutaura uku. Ndinoshuva dai ndaive uye kuti izvi zvave zvichange chiri chinangwa chikuru chekunyika. Pakawanda kwazvo nyika ino haina mhedziso chaiyo yepasi risina hondo semigumisiro yerugare. Iyo yakanaka sei kufunga kwenyika ine rugare rusingagumi, nyika imwe neimwe inoshanda kushandura nhengo imwe neimwe kubudirira, ichiita kuti kuenzana kwevose.
Zvakaoma kutenda isu tadzokera kure kumashure kubva pakutaura kwaKennedy. Inoda kuteererwa sekumutswa kwekufona.
“Isu, vakasainwa, tiri maRussia anogara uye anoshanda kuUSA. Isu tanga tichitarisa nekuwedzera kunetseka sezvo zvazvino US uye NATO marongero akatigadzika munzira ine ngozi zvikuru yekurovera neRussia Federation, pamwe neChina. Vazhinji vanoremekedzwa, vanofarira nyika dzekuAmerica, vakadai saPaul Craig Roberts, Stephen Cohen, Philip Giraldi, Ray McGovern nevamwe vazhinji vanga vachipa yambiro dzeHondo yePasi rechitatu iri kuuya. Asi manzwi avo anga arasika zvachose pakati pemheremhere yenhau izere nenyaya dzinonyengera nedzisiri idzo dzinoratidza hupfumi hweRussia kunge hwakamira uye mauto eRussia asisina simba - zvese izvi zvisina kana humbowo. Asi isu-tichiziva zvese nhoroondo yeRussia uye mamiriro azvino enzanga yeRussia nemauto eRussia, hatigone kumedza manyepo aya. Isu tava kunzwa kuti ibasa redu, sevaRussia vanogara muUS, kuyambira vanhu veAmerica kuti vari kunyeperwa, uye kuvaudza chokwadi. Uye chokwadi chiri izvi chete:
Kana paine hondo neRussia, zvino United States
zvirokwazvo ichaparadzwa, uye vazhinji vedu tichaguma vakafa.
Ngatitorei nhanho kumashure uye tigoisa zviri kuitika munhoroondo yenhoroondo. Russia ine… .. ”Verenga ZVIMWE ……. http://cluborlov.blogspot.ca/2016/05/a-russian-warning.html
Vhidhiyo yakakura, asi pane nzira ipi zvayo yaunokwanisa kuwedzera Mashoko Akavharwa? Ndinoziva zvikamu zvekutaura zvakadhindwa munyaya yacho, asi hazvisi izvo.
Kubva pakuramba kwake kwekutanga kubhadhara kurwisa kweAnti-Castro Cuba neUSAF kuBay of Pigs muna Kubvumbi wa1961, kusvika pakuramba kukweverwa muhondo yekupfura pamusoro peBerlin muna Nyamavhuvhu wa1961, kunzvimbo yake yekutaurirana pamusoro peLaos ( hapana hondo yekupfura), pakuramba kwake musi wa11 / 22/61 (!) kuita mauto eUS kuVietnam, mukubata kwake kweCuban Missile Crisis, nekuomerera kwake (uye hunyanzvi hwezvematongerwo enyika) mukubvumidza Chibvumirano cheNyukireya Chekuedza Chibvumirano. , kuchisarudzo chake muna Gumiguru wa1963 kutanga kubviswa kwemauto ese eUS kubva kuVietnam - kubvisa kuchazopedzwa na1965 - vese vanoratidza kuzvipira kunzvenga hondo uyezve kudzivirira mamiriro anowedzera apo hondo yakadzivirirwa.
JFK, sa purezidhendi, akaita zvose zvaaikwanisa kuti arege kurwisana. Akaita zvakanyanya kudarika chero mutungamiri wenyika, kare kana kuti, kubva kuhondo. Akanga aona hondo yepedyo uye yega, uye aiziva zvinotyisa.
Nzvimbo dzake dzakatsamwisa iyo War Machine munyika ino kuti vakamuuraya. Uye hapana mutungamiriri wenyika kubvira kare ave ane ushingi hwokutora mamiriro akasimba ekudzivirira hondo.
Kennedy ndeyekuparidza kwetsika kubva kereke-pirpiti yekuona. Pane imwe nzvimbo inotaura nezvemari yakawanda kune vanoita zvombo !!,, chinonyanya kukosha chekuda kugadzira muvengi, USSR, kuitira kuti urambe uchinge uchinge uwedzere mari mune izvozvi. IU.SR yakasarudzwa nekuda kwebasa rayo yekugadzira humanisi - kurayira vanhu kuti vanyaradze vanhu vari mairi. Iyi inotyisa nguva dzose kune Vatengi vedu, vashandi vedu. Normaha@pacbell.net
Kennedy ndeyekuparidza kwetsika kubva kereke-pirpiti yekuona. Pane imwe nzvimbo inotaura nezvemari yakawanda kune vanoita zvombo !!,, chinonyanya kukosha chekuda kugadzira muvengi, USSR, kuitira kuti urambe uchinge uchinge uwedzere mari mune izvozvi. IU.SR yakasarudzwa nekuda kwebasa rayo yekugadzira humanisi - kurayira vanhu kuti vanyaradze vanhu vari mairi. Iyi inotyisa nguva dzose kune Vatengi vedu, vashandi vedu.