naDavid Swanson, July 3, 2018.
Kupisa gorosi ndechimwe chezvinhu zviduku zvinetso zvinotarisana nevaya vanofunga nezvekuponda uye kuparadzwa kwehondo. Asi icho chinhu chakakosha mumhirizhonga yemapurisa emunharaunda. Ichokwadi, inowanikwa vakawanda zvisiri pamutemo muhondo, asi mutemo mune zvisiri zvehondo (kunyange zvazvo mutemo wakanyorwa wakanyatsogadzira icho chisinganzwisisiki).
Kufanana nekurova vanhu pamwe nemisungo kubva kuDrones, kuuraya vanhu muPalestina, vachibata vanhu mumakamuri kwemakumi emakore pasina mutero kana kutongwa pane kona yakabiwa yeCuba, kana kuti kuisa vanhu vane tasers yeAfrica America, mutemo wekupisa gasizi kana mace kana peperesi inopera vanhu - pasinei nokuti inovakuvadza here kana kuti inovauraya, sezvavanowanzoita - inotendwa nevakawanda kuti vateere kana kana chiito ichi chikamu chehondo.
Kusiyanisa chinhu chisingaoneki nenzira dzakawanda. Chokutanga, hapana hondo yemazuva ano ivo pachavo vari pamutemo. Saka kudhakwa kwekudhakwa hakubvumirwi kutenderwa pamutemo kana vakaziviswa kuti vari chikamu chehondo.
Chechipiri, hurumende dzehurumende dzinorwisana pachena nehurumende, dzisiri dzehurumende, mapoka emamorphous evanhu, uye kunyange kupesana nemaitiro kana manzwiro (ugandanga, kutya). Apo hurumende inobhadharana nevanhu vari kure, yakadai sehurumende yeUnited States muA Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Siriya, Yemen, nezvimwewo, zvinoregererwa kuti zvishandise gorozi remisodzi (kunyangwe pachinoshandisa napalm, chena phosphorus, uye zvombo zvakawanda zvinouraya iyo haisi makemikari). Asi apo hurumende imwechete inorwisana nevanhu iyo inonzi ndeyayo (kutumira National Guard mauto kuhondo dzose dzekunze neNew Orleans, Ferguson, Baltimore, nezvimwewo, uye kwete kwete Chengetori asiwo mapurisa ane zvombo akadzidziswa neveUnited States uye Mamiriyuta eIsrael) inonzi inobvumirwa kushandisa zvombo zvakashata kuti zvishandise kune dzimwe nyika.
Chechitatu, hurumende yeUnited States yakabvumirwa-kana kuti inowanzoita - kutengesa uye kutengesa uye kubudisa nekudzikinura zvombo izvo zvichishandiswa nehurumende dzehurumende dzinotyisa kurwisa vanhu vavanoti ndevako.
Chechina, apo mauto eUnited States anotora nyika yevamwe vanhu kwemakumi emakore seAghanistan, nyika haina kuratidza kunetseka (uye International Criminal Court "inotsvaga" haifaniri kupi zvako) apo mapurisa epasi pose anouraya nezvombo zvinogamuchirwa, asi kuputsa gasi inoramba iri chimbo chisingagamuchiri kwete kuti ishandiswe muhondo. Zvisinei, basa racho rinopera zvishoma nezvishoma zita rehondo, uye mauto iye zvino anoita seanove nemafuta akawanda anotsvaga avapo zvokuti vanoshandisa pachavo.
Ndagara ndichipikisa kushandisa izwi rokuti "hondo" kune zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwehondo. Handidi kurwa nekenza nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, kusanganisira kudiwa kwekutarisa kunodzivirira, kudiwa kurasikirwa nemararamiro akaita sehondo semafungiro, uye kudiwa kuchengetedza shoko hondo yekureva, iwe unoziva, hondo - nekuda kwetsika, maitiro, uye zvikonzero zvepamutemo. Kuvhiringidzwa kwehondo mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda, kazhinji kacho kazhinji kisingakanganwiki, kwaizongowedzera kuderedzwa nekuwedzera izvo zvinokosha sehondo. Saka, handidi kuenzanisa Ferguson neIraq. Uye ini handidi kuita zvakaoma zvakanyanya kubviswa kwemauto nekudzivirira vanhu kuti varege kuziva hondo ipi. Asi ini ndiri kukwira hondo dzisingamboperi, uye mapurisa emapurisa anogoverana zvombo, kudzidziswa, nekutumwa nehondo.
Saka, heino zvandinokumbira.
- Izvo zvisiri pamutemo zvehondo pasi peChristian Charter uye Kellogg-Briand Pact vanozivikanwa.
- Nzira dzepamutemo pamitemo yakaipa zvakare yehondo inonzwisiswa inoshandiswa pasi rose kune zvose zvinoitwa nevanhu. Ichokwadi, hapana chinhu muChristal Weapons Convention kana zvimwe zvibvumirano zvinoreva zvimwe.
- Izvo zviyero zviri kuramba zvichitowedzera kuwedzera huipi hwakawanda.
Nokuderedza "nguva yehondo" kana "nguva yorugare" kusiyana, nenzira iyi, tinogona kurasikirwa nepfungwa yokuti nenzira imwe neimwe iri chikamu chimwe uye chikamu kune imwe kamufa yekufa seGuantanamo inopukunyuka mitemo yepamutemo yezvose. Nokuita kwose kwose "rugare nguva" pane "nguva yehondo," uye kurwisa hondo semhosva huru pane dzose, hatidi kuisa hurumende masimba ehondo ehondo nguva dzose, asi pane kuvabvisa avo vezvakanaka.
Parizvino mamwe mapoka emakemikari anonzi anonzi akanaka-mu-kwete-hondo. Dzimwe zvombo zvemakemikari zvatoonekwa sezvakaipa zvakanyanya kushandiswa. Ichokwadi, mamwe marudzi emakemikari zvombo anoonekwa zvakashata zvakanyanya kuti zvirevo zvisingatauriki uye zvisingaverengeki zvekushandiswa kwavo kana kunyange ivo pachazvo zvakagadzirirwa nekatsiko kwakashata vanoonekwa sechikonzero chekuuraya zvikuru uye kuparadza zvikuru-kwete kushandiswa kwemakemikari. Muchikamu ichi iyi inyaya yevanhu vanoita zvekoloni zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvimwe dzimwe nyika dzinogona kufamba zvakakwana pakuwana zvombo zvakafanana. Asi muchikamu ichocho mutsauko pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa zvemakemikari zvombo. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe zvombo zvemakemikari zviri nengozi zvikuru kune vamwe, vanhu vakawanda vanourayiwa nemhepo inoparadza kupfuura vakaurayiwa mune imwe inonzi chiRussia inorwisa kuEngland iyo British Britain Prime Minister yakatangira gore rino se "kushandiswa kwemutemo kusina pamutemo kweUnited Kingdom "Kusiyana kwemitemo pakati pezvakanaka uye zvakaipa zvemakemikari zvombo kunofanira kupera.
Isu takatengeswa dhironi hondo ku Yemen sezvinoshandiswa kuhondo isiri yemauto, iyo iyo chaiyo yakafanotungamirirwa nayo. Gesi inopisa inowanzozotengeswa kwatiri sekusarudza kuuraya vatongi vanopfura. Chisarudzo chakanaka kuYemen chakanga chisina hondo zvachose. Chisarudzo chakanaka chevatsoropodzi hachisi kupisa chinhu kwavari, asi pane kugara pasi uye kuverenga Rokutanga Amendment kuMutemo weUnited States, uye zvino kugara pasi navo kuti vanzwe zvichemo zvavo. Kuputira mapurisa emapurisa, kana kuti "kupopotedzana" izvo zvinowanzotambudza se "kupesana kwehugandanga" kune hugandanga, kazhinji zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvakawanda zvezvombo zvakare.
War Resisters League inopa ruzivo pamhepo inoputika pa Website. Uye ini ndinorumbidza bhuku idzva randakaverenga: Gesi Inoputika: Kubva kuHondo yeHondo Yenyika I kusvika kumigwagwa yaNhasi naAna Feigenbaum. Sezvo Feigenbaum inotaura, kushandiswa kwemazizi emabhesi kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa, kusvetuka mu2011 apo yaishandiswa kwazvo muBahrain, Egypt, United States, uye kune imwe nzvimbo. Vanhu vakaurayiwa, vakarasikirwa nemakumbo, maziso akarashika, vakatambura nehupi huro, vakatora zviyero zvitatu zvakatsva, vakagadzirisa matambudziko ekuputika, uye vakave nekupererwa. Kupisa gesi zvinokonzera gorosi zvinoputsika necheki. Kupisa gesi kwakatanga moto. Miti uye misiyo isiri vanhu uye shiri dzakasvibiswa. Ipapo-Fox News anchor Megyn Kelly anodzinga pepper spray se "chikafu chekudya, kunyanya," uye mushumo weBrithani kubva ku1970 uchiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kuratidza kushandiswa kwemhepo inoparadza inokurudzira kuti irege kuonekwa sechimbo zvachose, asi mushonga. Bhuku raFeigenbaum nhoroondo yekuvandudza zvombo uye kushandiswa, uye yekutengeswa kwe "scientists" yakaora.
Vazhinji vekuda nyika veAmerica vachafara kuziva kuti United States neEngland zvakatungamirira nzira. Kubva Hondo Yenyika I, Brits neAmerica vakatengesa zvombo zvemakemikari senzira yekuderedza kutambura muhondo uye kugumisa hondo nekukurumidza - kusataura "risina maturo" zvinoreva kudzora mapoka evanhu (nekuita kusatambura kusingagumi kutambura). Vakagadzira kusiyanisa pasina mutsauko. Vakatora mhinduro dzemigumisiro. Ivo vakavanza mhinduro dzemhinduro. Uye ivo vakazvipira mukuedza kwevanhu, pamwe nekuedzwa kwakakura kwemakemikari zvombo kune vanofungidzirwa vasingafungi vari kuitwa pa Edgewood Arsenal muUnited States uye Porton Down muEngland kwemakore emakore achangobva kunze kwekunge maGermany akapiwa mhosva uye akaremberedzwa mabasa akafanana.
Gavhuna Amosi Fries, mutungamiriri weU.S. Chemical Warfare Service, akakurudzirwa kutengesa zvombo zvemakemikari kuti apurise senzira yekuchengetedza kuvapo kwehurumende yake mushure meHondo Yenyika I. Hondo chete yaisvika, asi zvombo zvemakemikari zvakange zvakashata kwazvo -Kubva, iwe unoziva, chokwadi. Iyo mukurumbira yakanga yakaipa kwazvo, zvokuti yakatora UK imwe chizvarwa (uye rubatsiro rwechisarura pakushandisa ivo kutanga kumakoloni) kuti vauye zvizere kuti vabvume kushandiswa kwemakemikari emapurisa nemaapurisa. Kutanga kunotengesa zvimakemikari zvombo zvakanakisisa kune "mauto" uye "savages".
"Ndine simba mukuda kushandisa gasi rine chepfu kune marudzi asina kusimbiswa," quoth Winston Churchill, anonyatsotarisa uye mberi-nguva-yake-nguva nguva dzose (uye zvakadaro, sezvinogara nguva dzose, ndinokundikana kunzwa rudo rune vanhu vose vanoita sevanopindura nguva dzose na).
Mhirizhonga huru yemapurisa, munhoroondo yeFeigenbaum, yakavapo nekugamuchirwa kwemhepo inoparadza nematare emapurisa emuUnited States mu1920s uye 1930s. Apo patinogona kufungidzira kuti mirayiridzo yakanga iri munzvimbo kubva pakutanga iyo inopa nzira iyo iyo inoputsa gasi yakawanzoshandiswa (sehondo ine utsinye pakurwisana nemapoka evanhu akabatanidzwa uye munzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa, nezvimwewo) zvisingaiti, Feigenbaum inogadzirisa kusanzwisisana uku. Gesi yeiriya yakagadzirirwa uye yakasimudzirwa senhumbi yekushandiswa nevasarudzo vasina kusarudzwa vari pedyo uye munzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa. Kubudirira kwahwo kwakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vakanga vachitengesa pfungwa. Izvi zvingava zvakakosha kugamuchira mupfungwa sezvo US Army ikozvino ikokudzira masoja kuti auraye pachivande.
Iko huru yekutanga yekuongorora munhoroondo inokudzwa yekushandiswa kwemhepo inoparadza se "boka revanhu" rakasvika apo hondo yeUnited States yakarwisa varwi veHondo Yenyika I nemhuri dzavo muBonus Army muWashington, DC, kuuraya vanhu vakuru nevana, uye kupa gasi rinoparadza zita idzva: Hoover ration. Kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yekunyadzisa, kurwiswa uku kunouraya kune veterans "kushandisa zvombo zvemakemikari kuvanhu vavo" (kurondedzera maitiro aakashandiswa kare kwehondo dze "US" dzekupedzisira) zvakare yakava nzvimbo yekutsvaga. The Lake Erie Chemicals company used photos of the attack on the Bonus Army in its catalogs sales.
IUnited States yakakonzera gasi rinoputika pasi rose ndokuitengesa kuBritain makoloni kusvikira vaBritish vachinzwa vachimanikidzwa kuva vadziri vavo pachavo. Kuchinja pfungwa mukugamuchirwa kwayo kweBritain kwakauya muIndia nePalestina. Kuuraya kwaAmritsar muIndia kwakaita kuti chido chepfuti-sechimbo chisati chiri chekufa uye chinogamuchirwa kupfuura pfuti, nenzira, saFeigenbaum inonyora, "kuchinja hurumende dzakatarisa pasina chero chikonzero chekuchinja nzira iyo chaiyo yaive." Umambo hweBritain hwakatora baton uye hwakaparadzira gasi rinoputika kure. Gorozi inoputika yaiva chikamu cheIsrael kubva pamberi pezvisikwa zveIsrael zvisati zvasikwa.
Isu nhasi tichiri kufunga nezvemazizi emabhesi maererano nekutengeswa kwazvo, pasinei nezvatakaona maziso edu enhema. Munguva dzeHurumende dzeHurumende neHurumende dzeHCNUMXs, sekuwanda kacho kubvira, kubvarura gasi hakuna kunyanya kushandiswa kuparadzira mapoka evanhu vane ngozi. Yakashandiswa kurongedza kurwiswa nezvimwe zvombo pamusoro wevanhu vakazvimiririra uye vasingasviki. Yakadzingwa mudzimba dzevanhu uye machechi uye mahofisi emisangano kuti avadzinga pangozi, sezvakashandiswa kusundira vanhu kubva mumapako muVietnam. Yakashandiswa sechivako chekuona kurwisana nezvimwe zvombo. Yakashandiswa kugadzira mufananidzo wakagamuchirwa wevanhu vane ngozi, pasinei nokuti vanhu vanotsvaga pairi vari kuita kana kuti vari kuita vasati vasvimha misodzi. Kupisa gasi kunokonzera kupfeka kwemasikisi, iyo inoshandura chimiro uye mufambiro wevaparidzi. Ive yakashandiswa neSATAT mauto muzviitiko zvisingaverengeki apo kugogodza pamusuo kwaizoshanda zviri nani. Yakashandiswa sechirango chevashori nevasungwa. Zvave zvichishandiswa semutambo nemapurisa akawanda / mauto.
Vashandi vacho vakaramba, vakamira kutumira kubva kuKorea kuenda kuBahrain, vakamira hotera muOllandland, California, kubva kubata zvombo zvezaarari. Asi gasi rinoshandiswa rinoshandiswa ririkukwira kumativi ose enyika. Feigenbaum inotsanangura zvidzidzo zvesayenzi zvakatendeseka. Handisi kupikisana nazvo. Anotsanangura tsanangudzo yepamutemo yekusveta gas. Handisi kupikisana nazvo-ona kumusoro. Anotsanangura, pane zvakanyanya, kuti kana chimbo ichi chichizoonekwa sechirwere, ipapo zvinodzivirira zvimwe chete zvekupesana kwekufarira zvinoshandiswa sekushanda kune zvinodhaka. Handisi kupikisana nazvo. Asi bhuku raFeigenbaum rinonyatsoita chikwata chakareruka uye chakasimba: rega kusvimha misodzi gas.
