NaJohn Scales Avery, Ndira 4, 2019
Kuurayiwa kwaGeneral Qasem Soleimani
NeChishanu, 3 Ndira, 2020, vafambira mberi muUnited States uye vanhu vese vanoda rugare pasirese vakatya kuziva kuti Donald Trump akawedzera kune rake runyorwa runyorwa rwekupara mhosva nemakosheni nekuraira kuurayiwa kwaGeneral Qasem Soleimani, anova igamba riri munyika yake, Iran. Mhondi, iyo yakaitwa nenzira yekurova drone nemusi weChishanu, nekukurumidza uye zvakawedzera kuwedzera mukana wehondo huru-huru mu Middle East uye kumwewo. Kupokana neruzivo urwu, ndinoda kuongorora nhoroondo yekurwiswa kwemafuta kuIran.
Chido chekudzora mafuta eIran
Iran ine budiriro yakare uye yakanaka, iyo yakadzokera kumashure kune zviuru zvishanu BC, apo guta reShushani rakavambwa. Kumwe kwekutanga kunyora kwatinoziva, kunobva kubva kungangoita 5,000 BC, kwakashandiswa neveElamite budiriro padyo neSusa. Mazuva ano maIranani vakangwara uye vane tsika, uye vanozivikanwa nekugamuchira kwavo, rupo uye mutsa kune vausingazive. Kwemazana emakore, maIranani vakaita mipiro yakawanda kusainzi, hunyanzvi uye zvinyorwa, uye kwemazana emakore havana kurwisa chero vavakidzani vavo. Zvakangodaro, kwemakore makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura, ndivo vakave varwi vekunze kurwisa uye kupindira, mazhinji acho anga achinyatso hukama neIran mafuta nemafuta zviwanikwa. Yekutanga yeiyi yakaitika munguva ya3,000-90, apo mubatanidzwa wakatsigirwa neBritish wakapidigura imba yeQajar ndokuitsiva naReza Shah.
Reza Shah (1878-1944) akatanga basa rake saReza Khan, mukuru wemauto. Nekuda kwehungwaru hwake hwepamusoro akakurumidza kusimuka kuti ave mukuru weTabriz Brigade wePersian Cossacks. Muna 1921, General Edmond Ironside, uyo akaraira mauto eBritish evarume zviuru zvitanhatu vachirwisa maBolshevik kuchamhembe kwePersia, akaronga coup (yakapihwa mari neBritain) umo Reza Khan akatungamira 6,000 Cossacks akananga kuguta guru. Akapidigura hurumende, ndokuva gurukota rehondo. Hurumende yeBritain yakatsigira coup iyi nekuti yaifunga kuti mutungamiri akasimba aidiwa muIran kurwisa maBolshevik. Muna 15,000, Reza Khan akakunda Qajar Dynasty, uye muna 1923 akagadzwa korona saReza Shah, achitora zita rekuti Pahlavi.
Reza Shah akatenda kuti aive nechinangwa chekuvandudza Iran, nenzira imwecheteyo iyo Kamil Ataturk akagadzirisa Turkey. Munguva yake yemakore gumi nematanhatu yekutonga muIran, migwagwa yakawanda yakavakwa, iyo Trans-Iranian Railway yakavakwa, maIran mazhinji akatumirwa kunodzidza kuMadokero, Yunivhesiti yeTehran yakavhurwa, uye nhanho dzekutanga dzekuvandudza kwemaindasitiri dzakatorwa. Zvisinei, nzira dzaReza Shah dzimwe nguva dzaive dzakaomarara.
Muna 1941, Germany payakapinda muRussia, Iran yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera, pamwe ichizendamira zvishoma kudivi reGerman. Zvisinei, Reza Shah ainyatsoshora Hitler kuti ape kuchengetedzeka muIran kuvapoteri vanobva kuNazi. Nekutya kuti maGerman angazotonga minda yemafuta yeAbadan, uye vachishuvira kushandisa Trans-Iranian Railway kuunza zvekushandisa kuRussia, Britain yakapinda Iran kubva kumaodzanyemba muna Nyamavhuvhu 25, 1941. Panguva imwecheteyo, mauto eRussia akapinda munyika kubva mawodzanyemba. Reza Shah akakumbira Roosevelt kuti abatsirwe, achitsanangura kusarerekera kweIran, asi zvakashaya basa. Musi waGunyana 17, 1941, akamanikidzwa kuenda muhunhapwa, akatsiviwa nemwanakomana wake, Crown Prince Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Vaviri Britain neRussia vakavimbisa kubuda muIran Hondo ichangopera. Munguva yasara yeHondo Yenyika II, kunyangwe Shah nyowani aingove mutongi weIran, nyika yaitongwa nemauto akabatana.
Reza Shah aive nepfungwa yakasimba yekutumwa, uye akanzwa kuti raive basa rake kugadzirisa Iran. Akatambidza pfungwa iyi yekutumwa kumwanakomana wake, wechidiki Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Dambudziko rinorwadza rehurombo raionekwa kwese kwese, uye vese Reza Shah nemwanakomana wake vakaona kuvandudzwa kweIran senzira chete yekupedza hurombo.
Muna 1951, Mohammad Mosaddegh akave Mutungamiriri weIran kuburikidza nesarudzo dzegutsaruzhinji. Iye aibva kumhuri yakasimudzwa-kwazvo uye aigona kuronda madzitateguru ake kumashure eiyo imba yeKajar. Pakati pekushandurwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa naMosaddegh kwaive kuiswa kweAnglo-Iranian Mafuta Kambani zvinhu muIran. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo AIOC (iyo yakazove British Petroleum), yakakurudzira hurumende yeBritain kuti itsigire kubvuta muchivande kwaizopidigura Mosaddegh. MaBritish akakumbira Mutungamiri weUS Eisenhower neCIA kuti vabatane neM16 mukuita coup vachiti Mosaddegh inomiririra kutyisidzira kwechiKomonisiti (nharo inonakidza, tichifunga nezveMosaddegh mamiriro ehuremu). Eisenhower akabvuma kubatsira Britain mukuita coup, uye zvakaitika muna 1953. Saka Shah akawana simba rakazara pamusoro peIran.
Chinangwa chekuvandudza Iran uye kupedza hurombo chakagamuchirwa seinenge-inoera basa neiye mudiki Shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, uye yaive vavariro kumashure kweWhite Revolution muna 1963, apo yakawanda nzvimbo yevaridzi venyika pamwe nekorona. yakagoverwa kuvanhu vasina misha. Nekudaro, iyo White Revolution yakatsamwisa vese tsika yekugara minda uye vafundisi, uye zvakamutsa kupikiswa kukuru. Mukubata nekushora uku, nzira dzevaShahs dzaive dzakaomarara, sezvakangoita madzibaba ake. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwakaburitswa nemaitiro ake akasimba, uye nekuda kwesimba raive richikura revapikisi vake, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi akakundwa muIran Revolution ya1979. Shanduko ya1979 yaive neimwe nhanho yakakonzerwa neBritish-American coup ya1953.
Mumwe anogona zvakare kutaura kuti iyo yekumadokero, panguva iyo Shah Reza nemwanakomana wake yainanga, yakaburitsa anti-kumadokero maitiro pakati pezvinhu zvinochengetedza zvevanhu veIran. Iran "yaidonha pakati pezvigaro zviviri", kune rimwe divi tsika dzekumadokero uye nekune rimwe divi tsika yenyika. Yakaratidzika kunge iri pakati nepakati, isiri yavo. Pakupedzisira mu 1979 vafundisi veIslam vakakunda uye Iran yakasarudza tsika. Zvichakadaro, muna 1963, iyo US yakanga yatsigira muchivande kupidigura kwemauto muIraq kwakaunza Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party kutonga. Muna 1979, pakamiswa Shah yekuIran yekumadokero, United States yakatora hutongi hwechiShiite hwakamutsiva sekutyisidzira kupa mafuta kubva kuSaudi Arabia. Washington yakaona Iraq yaSaddam sedziviriro kurwisa hurumende yeShiite yeIran iyo yaifungidzirwa kunge iri kutyisidzira kugoverwa kwemafuta kubva kuma pro-America nyika dzakaita seKuwait neSaudi Arabia.
Muna 1980, yakakurudzirwa kuti iite saizvozvo nekuti Iran yakanga yarasikirwa nerutsigiro rweUS, hurumende yaSaddam Hussein yakarwisa Iran. Uku kwaive kutanga kwehondo ine ropa rakawandisa uye inoparadza yakagara kwemakore masere, ichikuvadza vanhu vangangosvika miriyoni pamarudzi maviri aya. Iraq yakashandisa gasi yemasitadhi uye magasi etsinga Tabun naSarin vachipesana neIran, kutyora Geneva Protocol. United States neBritain vese vakabatsira hurumende yaSaddam Hussein kuwana zvombo zvemakemikari.
Kurwiswa kwazvino kuIran neIsrael neUnited States, zvese zviriko uye kutyisidzirwa, zvine zvimwe zvakafanana nehondo yekurwisa Iraq, iyo yakatangwa neUnited States muna 2003. Muna 2003, kurwiswa uku kwakakurudzirwa nekutyisidzirwa kuti zvombo zvenyukireya. yaizogadzirwa, asi iyo Chinangwa chaicho chaive nechokuita pamwe nechido chekutonga nekushandisa peturu zviwanikwa zveIraq, uye nekutya kwakanyanya kweIsrael pakuva nemuvakidzani ane simba uye ane hasha. Saizvozvowo, hegemony pamusoro pemafuta akakura uye gasi akachengetedzwa eIran inogona kuonekwa seimwe yezvikonzero zvikonzero nei United States parizvino ichidhimisha Iran, uye izvi zvinosanganisirwa neIsrael kutyisa kwekutya kweIran hombe uye ine simba. Tichitarisa kumashure "akabudirira" 1953 coup kurwisa Mosaddegh, Israel neUnited States pamwe vanofunga kuti masanctions, kutyisidzira, kuponda uye zvimwe zvinomanikidza zvinogona kukonzera shanduko yehutongi iyo ichaunza hurumende inoteerera kutonga muIran - hurumende ichagamuchira. US hegemony. Asi hukasha hwekutaura, kutyisidzira uye kudenha zvinogona kukwira kuita hondo izere.
Ini handidi kutaura kuti hurumende iripo yeIran haina zvikanganiso zvakakomba. Nekudaro, chero kushandiswa kwechisimba kunoitirwa Iran kunenge kuri kupenga uye mhosva. Sei uchipenga? Nekuti hupfumi hwazvino hweUS nepasi rose haugone kutsigira kumwe kupokana kukuru; nekuti Middle East yatove nharaunda yakanetsekana; uye nekuti hazvigoneke kufanotaura kukura kwehondo iyo, kana ikangotanga, inogona kukura ikava Hondo Yenyika Yechitatu, zvichipa chokwadi chekuti Iran yakabatana zvakanyanya neRussia neChina. Sei tsotsi? Nekuti mhirizhonga yakadai ingatyora zvese UN Charter neNuremberg Nheyo. Iko hakuna tariro zvachose kune ramangwana kunze kwekunge isu tashandira nyika ine runyararo, inotongwa nemutemo wepasi rese, pane nyika inotyisa, uko masimba ane hutsinye anotonga.
Kurwiswa kweIran kunogona kuwedzera
Nguva pfupi yadarika takapfuura makore 100 Hondo Yenyika I, uye tinofanira kuyeuka kuti njodzi yakakura iyi yakawedzera zvisingadzoreki kubva kune izvo zvakarongerwa kuve mhirizhonga diki. Kune ngozi yekuti kurwiswa kweIran kungawedzera kusvika muhondo yakakura kwazvo kuMiddle East, kuchizadza dunhu iro rakatopinda mumatambudziko.
Hurumende isina kugadzikana yePakistan inogona kunge yakundwa, uye inoshandura hurumende yePakistan ingapinda muhondo kudivi reIran, nekudaro ichiunza zvombo zvenyukireya mukukonana. Russia neChina, masangano akasimba eIran, angavewo angakwezirwa muhondo yakajairika kuMiddle East.
Mune mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi anogona kuitika kubva pakurwiswa kweIran, kune njodzi yekuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinoshandiswa, kungave nemaune, kana netsaona kana kusaziva. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitika dzakaratidza kuti kunze kwekuita nzvimbo dzakakura dzenyika dzisingagarike kuburikidza nekusvibiswa kwenguva refu neredhiyo, hondo yenyukireya ingakanganisa kurima kwepasi kusvika padanho rekuti nzara yepasi rese yezvikamu zvisati zvambozivikanwa zvaizoitika.
Saka, hondo yenyukireya ndiyo yekupedzisira njodzi yekuzvarwa. Iyo inogona kuparadza kubudirira kwevanhu uye yakawanda yezvinhu zvipenyu. Kuisa pangozi hondo yakadai kungave kusingaregererwe kukanganisa hupenyu uye ramangwana revanhu vese vapasi, vagari vemuUS vaisanganisira.
Ongororo dzichangobva kuitika dzakaratidza kuti gore gobvu reutsi kubva kumatutu emoto mumadhorobha anopisa raizokwira kune stratosphere, mavaizopararira pasi rose nekugara kwegumi makore, kuvhara hydrological kutenderera, nekuparadza ozone layer. Makumi gumi ekudziya kwakadzika kwazvo kwaizoteedzerawo. Kurima kwepasi rese kwaizoparara. Vanhu, zvirimwa nemhuka zvinopera.
Tinofanira zvakare kufunga nezve ayo anogara kwenguva refu mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa nemwaranzi. Mumwe anogona kuwana kapfungwa kadiki kezvingave zvakaita nekufunga kusvibiswa nemwaranzi uko kwaita nzvimbo huru padhuze neChernobyl neFukushima kusingagare zvachose, kana kuyedzwa kwemabhomba ehydrogen muPacific muma1950, ayo anoramba achikonzera leukemia uye kuremara kwekuzvarwa muMarshall Islands anopfuura hafu yezana ramakore gare gare. Muchiitiko chehondo yenyukireya, kusvibiswa kwacho kungave kukuru kwazvo.
Isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka kuti simba rakazara kuputika rezvombo zvenyukireya nhasi nhasi rakapetana ka500,000 simba guru remabhomba akaparadza Hiroshima neNagasaki. Chiri kutyisidzirwa nhasi ndiko kuparara kwakazara kwevanhu uye kuparadzwa kwezvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakasikwa.
Tsika yakajairika yevanhu iyo isu tese tinogovana ipfuma inofanirwa kuve yakachengetedzwa kwazvo uye kuiswa kuvana vedu nevazukuru. Pasi rakanaka, nehupfumi hwaro hwakakura hwezvidyarwa uye hwemhuka, zvakare ipfuma, zvakapfuura simba redu kuyera kana kuratidza. Kuzvikudza nekunyomba kwakakura kwakadii kune vatungamiriri vedu kufunga nezvekuisa panjodzi muhondo yemagetsi!
