VaPalestine vanotarisa bhomba risina kuputika rakadonhedzwa neIsrael F-16 ndege yehondo paGaza Guta reRimal munharaunda ya18 Chivabvu 2021 (AFP / Mahmud Hams)
NaFrank Andrews, Middle East Eye, May 18, 2021.
Kwerinopfuura vhiki, Israel yakarova Gaza Strip nemabhomba, ichiti iri kunangana neHamas "magandanga". Asi dzimba dzekugara, mabhuku ezvitoro, zvipatara uye chikuru Covid-19 yekuyedza lab akakwenenzverwa.
Kuenderera mberi kweIsrael kuputika kwebhomba rakakombwa, iro rauraya vanhu vangangoita mazana maviri negumi nematatu, kusanganisira vana makumi matanhatu nenomwe, ingangoita mhosva yehondo, sekureva Amnesty International.
Zviuru zveHamas zvemaroketi akasarudzika akadzinga kuchamhembe kubva kuGaza, iyo yakauraya vanhu gumi nevaviri, inogona kunge iri hondo yemhosva, maererano neboka rekodzero.
Asi nepo Hamas iine mabhomba kazhinji akaiswa pamwechete kubva zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa pamba uye zvechivande, zvine njodzi nekuti havana kutungamirwa, Israeri ine hunyanzvi, chaiyo zvombo uye nezvayo indasitiri yezvombo iri kuwedzera. Ndiyo wechisere pakukura maoko panyika.
Hondo yemauto eIsrael inotsigirwawo nekutengwa kwezvombo zvemabhiriyoni emadhora kubva kunze kwenyika.
Idzi ndidzo nyika nemakambani ari kupa Israeri zvombo, kunyangwe paine nhoroondo yekupomedzerwa mhosva dzehondo.
nyika dzakabatana
United States ndiyo iri kunze kwekutakurisa maoko kuIsrael. Pakati pa2009-2020, anopfuura makumi manomwe muzana emaoko akatengwa neIsrael akabva kuUS, sekureva kwa Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (Sipri) Arms Transfers dhatabhesi, iyo inongosanganisira chete makuru akajairwa zvombo.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzeSipri, iyo US yakatumira maoko kuIsrael gore rega kubva 1961.
Zvakaoma kuteedzera maoko akange aunzwa, asi pakati pa2013-2017, iyo US yakaendesa $ 4.9bn (£ 3.3bn) mumaoko kuna Israel, sekureva kweUK Campaign Yekurwisa Arms Kutengesa (CAAT).
Mabhomba akagadzirwa neUS akatorwa mifananidzo muGaza mumazuva apfuura, futi.
Kuburitsa kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera kunyangwe nguva zhinji dzekuti mauto eIsrael akapomedzerwa mhosva dzekuita zvehondo kurwisa maPalestine.
IUS yakaramba ichiendesa zvombo kuIsrael pazvakabuda muna2009, semuenzaniso, kuti mauto eIsrael akange ashandisa machena phosphorus makomba paPalestine - mhosva yehondo, sekureva Human Rights Watch.
In 2014, Amnesty International akapomera Israeri mhosva imwechete yekurwiswa zvisingaenzaniswi kwakauraya vanhu vazhinji muRafah, kumaodzanyemba kweGaza. Mwaka unotevera, kukosha kwekutengesera kunze kwenyika zvombo zveUS kuIsrael zvakapetwa kaviri, sekureva kwenhamba dzeSipri.
Mutungamiri weUS Joe Biden "akataura kutsigira kwake kumisa kurwa”NeMuvhuro, pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva Masenate Democrats. Asi zvakare zvakabuda pakutanga kwezuva kuti manejimendi ake anga achangobvumidza $ 735m mukutengesa zvombo kuIsrael, iyo Washington Post yakashuma. MaDemocrat muImba inoona nezvekunze Komiti vanotarisirwa kukumbira manejimendi kunonoka kutengesa kumirira kuongorora.
Uye pasi pechibvumirano cherubatsiro chibvumirano chakatangira muna 2019-2028, iyo US yakabvuma - zvichitenderwa nekongiresi mvumo - kupa Israeri $ 3.8bn pagore mune yekune dzimwe nyika mari yezvemauto, mazhinji acho aanofanira kushandisa pane Zvombo zvakagadzirwa neUS.
Ndiko kutenderera makumi maviri muzana ebhajeti rekudzivirira reIsrael, sekureva NBC, uye angangoita matatu-mashanu echishanu emari yekuUS yekune dzimwe nyika mari yezvemauto.
Asi iyo US zvakare dzimwe nguva inopa yakawedzera mari, pamusoro pemupiro wayo wepagore. Yakapa iyo yakawedzera $ 1.6bn kubvira 2011 yeIsrael Iron Dome anti-missile system, ine zvikamu zvakagadzirwa muUS.
"Israel ine indasitiri yezvombo yepamusoro zvakanyanya iyo inogona kutsigira kubhombwa kweinenge nguva pfupi," Andrew Smith weCAAT akaudza Middle East Eye.
"Zvisinei, ndege dzayo huru dzokurwa dzinobva kuU.S.," akawedzera, achitaura nezvazvo US F-16 murwi jets, iyo inoramba ichirova Strip. “Kunyangwe kana simba rekuzvivaka riripo muIsrael, zviri pachena kuti vaizotora nguva yakareba kuti vaungane.
"Panyaya yemanyowani, mazhinji aya anotengwa kunze kwenyika, asi ndinotarisira kuti anogona kugadzirwa muIsrael. Zviripachena, muchiitiko ichi chekufungidzira, shanduko yekugadzira zvombo zvekumba zvinotora nguva uye zvaisazodhura. ”
“Asi kutengesa zvombo hakufanirwe kuonekwa kuri kwega. Vanotsigirwa nerutsigiro rwakadzama rwezvematongerwo enyika, ”akadaro Smith. "Rutsigiro rweUS, kunyanya, rwakakosha maererano nekusimudzira hutongi uye kubvumidza mishandirapamwe yebhomba sezvatakaona mumazuva apfuura."
Runyorwa rurefu rwemakambani akazvimirira eUS anobatanidzwa mukupa Israel nemaoko anosanganisira Lockheed Martin, Boeing; Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, Ametek, UTC Aerospace, naRaytheon, sekureva kweCAAT.
Jerimani
Mutengesi wechipiri muhombe wezvombo kuIsrael iGerman, iyo yaitora zvikamu makumi maviri nezvina kubva muzana zvekupinzwa kwemaoko eIsrael pakati pa24-2009
Germany haina kupa dhata pane zvombo zvairi kuendesa, asi yakapa marezinesi ekutengesa zvombo kuIsrael anosvika 1.6 bhiriyoni euros ($ 1.93bn) kubva 2013-2017, maererano neCAAT.
Sipri manhamba anoratidza Germany yakatengesa zvombo kuIsrael muma1960s nema1970, uye zvave kuita gore rega kubva 1994.
Nhaurwa dzekutanga dzekudzivirira pakati penyika mbiri idzi dzakadzokera muna 1957, sekureva kwa nyika.
Ipo iyo US yakabatsira nezvakawanda zvekudzivirira mweya zveIsrael, Germany ichiri kupa submarines.
Muvaki wengarava weGerman ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems akavaka matanhatu Dolphin submarines yeIsrael, sekureva kweCAAT, nepo kambani inotungamirwa neGerman Renk AG ichibatsira matangi eIsrael Merkava.
Chancellor weGerman Angela Merkel akataura "kubatana" neIsrael mukufona naNetanyahu nemusi weMuvhuro, sekutaura kwemutauriri wake, achisimbisazve nyika "kodzero yekuzvidzivirira" pakurwiswa kweroketi kubva kuHamas.
Itari
Italy iri kutevera, ichipa 5.6 muzana yezvakakura zveIsrael zvekupinza maoko pakati pe2009-2020, sekureva kwaSipri.
Kubva 2013-2017, Itari yakaendesa € 476m ($ 581m) akakosha emaoko kuIsrael, sekureva kweCAAT.
Nyika mbiri idzi dzakaita zvibvumirano mumakore achangopfuura apo Israeri yakawana nhandare yekudzidzira kudzosera zvombo uye zvimwe zvombo, sekureva News Defence.
Italy yakabatana nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope mu kushoropodza nzvimbo dzekugara dzeIsrael muSheikh Jarrah uye kumwe kutanga kwaMay, asi nyika inoenderera mberi nekutengesa zvombo.
'Chiteshi cheLivorno hachizove chinobatsira mukuuraya kwevanhu vePalestine'
- Unione Sindicale di Base, Itari
Vashandi vePort muLivorno vakaramba neChishanu kutakura chikepe chinotakura zvombo kune chiteshi cheIsrael cheAshdhodhi, mushure mekuziviswa neItari NGO Iyo Weapon Watch yezviri mukati mayo nhumbi.
"Chiteshi cheLivorno hachizobatsiri pakuurayiwa kwevanhu vePalestine," Unione Sindicale di Base yakati mune statement.
Weapon Watch yakakurudzira zviremera zveItari kuti vambomisa "mamwe kana ese mauto eItari anotumira kunze kunzvimbo dzinopesana dzeIsrael nePalestine".
AgustaWestland, inotsigira yeItaly firm Leonardo, inogadzira zvikamu zveApache kurwisa maherikoputa anoshandiswa neIsrael, sekureva kweCAAT.
United Kingdom
IUK, kunyangwe isiri mudura reSipri mumakore achangopfuura, inotengesawo zvombo kuIsrael, uye yakapa mvumo pamamirioni mazana mana emadhora kubva muna 400, sekureva kweCAAT.
Iyo NGO iri kudaidzira UK kuti ipedze kutengesa zvombo uye rutsigiro rwemauto kumauto eIsrael uye tsvaga kana maoko eUK akamboshandiswa kubhomba Gaza.
Mari chaiyo iyo UK inotengesa kunze kwenyika kuIsrael yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura manhamba aripo paruzhinji, nekuda kweiyo opaque system yekutengesa zvombo, "open marezenisi", zvakanyanya mvumo yekutengesa kunze, izvo zvinochengeta kukosha kwezvombo uye huwandu hwazvo zvakavanzika.
Smith weCAAT akaudza MEE kuti zvingangoita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana muzana muzana yekutengesa zvombo kuUK kuIsrael zvinogona kuitwa pasi pezenisi rakashama, asi "hatizive" kuti zvombo zvipi kana kuti zvinoshandiswa sei.
"Kunze kwekunge Hurumende yeUK yatanga ongororo yayo, saka hapana imwe nzira yekuziva kuti zvombo zvipi zvakashandiswa, kunze kwekuvimba nemapikicha ari kubuda kubva kune imwe yenzvimbo dzehondo dzakanyanya - ino isiri nzira yakakodzera indasitiri yezvombo inofanira kunzwisiswa, ”akadaro Smith.
"Nzira yatinoziva nayo nezvehutsinye uhwu ndeyekuvimba nevanhu vari munzvimbo dzehondo kuti vatore mifananidzo yezvombo izvo zviri kudonha pavari kana kuvatori venhau," akadaro Smith.
"Uye zvinoreva kuti tinogona kugara tichifunga zvombo zvakakura zvinoshandiswa zvatisingazomboziva nezvazvo."
Makambani akazvimirira eBritish anobatsira kupa Israeri maoko kana zvigadzirwa zvemauto anosanganisira BAE Systems; Atlas Elektronik UK; MPE; Meggitt, Penny + Giles Kudzora; Redmayne Injiniya; Mukuru PLC; Land Rover; uye G4S, maererano CAAT.
Uyezve, UK inoshandisa mamirioni emapaundi pagore pamauto eIsrael. Elbit Systems, mugadziri mukuru wemaoko muIsrael, ane akati wandei anobatsira muUK, sezvinoita vagadziri vezvombo vemuUS.
Imwe yemafekitori avo muOldham yanga iri tarisiro yevaratidziri-vePalestine mumwedzi yapfuura.
Zvizhinji zvezvombo zvinotumirwa neUK kuIsrael - kusanganisira ndege, drones, magirinedhi, mabhomba, zvombo zvinokandwa nemabara - "ndidzo mhando dzemaoko dzinogona kushandiswa pakurwisa bhomba kwakadai", sekutaura kweCAAT, ichitaura nezve bhomba rairamba riripo.
"Inenge isiri nguva yekutanga," yakawedzera.
Ongororo yehurumende muna 2014 yakawanikwa 12 marezinesi nekuda kwemaoko angangodaro akashandiswa mukubhomba kweGaza kwegore iro, nepo muna 2010, panguva iyoyo -Munyori wezvekunze David Miliband akati maoko akagadzirwa kuUK aive "zvirokwazvo”Yakashandiswa mumushandirapamwe webhomba muIsrael wa2009.
"Tinoziva kuti zvombo zvakagadzirwa neUK zvakamboshandiswa kurwisa maPalestine pamberi, asi izvo hazvina kuita chinhu kumisa kuyerera kwezvombo," akadaro Smith.
"Panofanirwa kumbomiswa kutengeswa kwezvombo uye kuongororwa zvizere kuti zvombo zveUK zvamboshandiswa here uye kuti zvine chekuita nemhosva dzehondo."
"Kwemakumi emakore izvozvi, hurumende dzakateerana dzataura nezvekuzvipira kwavo mukuvaka runyararo, vachiri kuenderera mberi nekubata nekutsigira mauto eIsrael," akadaro Smith. "Kutengesa zvombo uku hakungopi rubatsiro rwemauto chete, zvinotumirawo chiratidzo chakajeka chekutsigira zvematongerwo enyika nekuvharira uye mhirizhonga iri kuitwa."
Kanadha
Canada yakaverengera kwakatenderedza 0.3 muzana yeIsrael inopinza kunze kwenyika zvombo zvikuru zvakajairika pakati pa2009-2021, sekureva kwenhamba dzeSipri.
Jagmeet Singh weNew Democratic Party yekuCanada svondo rapfuura akadana Canada kuti imise kutengesa zvombo kuIsrael nekuda kwezviitiko zvichangobva kuitika.
Canada yakatumira $ 13.7m mune zvechiuto Hardware uye tekinoroji kuIsrael mu2019, yakaenzana ne0.4 muzana yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, sekureva The Globe and Mail.
