NaWILPF, IPB, WBW, Mbudzi 6, 2022
Anodiwa Munyori Mukuru Stiell uye Mutungamiri Violetti,
Pamberi peMusangano weMapato (COP) 27 muEgypt, masangano edu, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), International Peace Bureau uye World BEYOND War, tiri kukunyorerai iyi tsamba yakavhurika pamusoro pezvatinetsekera zvine chekuita nekukanganisa kuburitswa kwechiuto uye mashandisirwo emari padambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Sezvo kurwisana kwezvombo kuchipisa muUkraine, Ethiopia neSouth Caucasus, tinoshushikana zvikuru kuti kubudiswa kwemauto uye kushandiswa kuri kukanganisa kufambira mberi kwechibvumirano cheParis.
Tiri kukumbira kuSecretariat yeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) kuti iite ongororo yakakosha uye itaure pachena nezve kubuda kwekabhoni kwemauto nehondo. Tiri kukumbirawo kuti Secretariat idzidze uye itaure nezve mashandisirwo echiuto mumamiriro emari yemamiriro ekunze. Tiri kunetsekana kuti kuburitswa kwemauto nekushandiswa kuri kuramba kuchikwira, zvichitadzisa nyika kugona kudzikisira uye kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Isu tinoshushikana zvakare kuti hondo dziripo uye kurwisana pakati penyika kuri kukanganisa kubatana kwepasirese kunodiwa kuzadzisa Chibvumirano cheParis neUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Kubva payakavambwa, UNFCCC haisati yaisa paCOP ajenda inyaya yekuburitsa kabhoni kubva kumauto nehondo. Tinoziva kuti sangano reIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rakaona mukana wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvichikonzera kurwisana kunotyisa asi IPCC haisati yaona nezvekuwanda kwehutsi hunobva kumauto kuenda kukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvakadaro, mauto ndiye mutengi mukuru wemafuta efossil uye yakakura kabhoni emitter muhurumende dzemapato enyika. Mauto eUnited States ndiwo mutengi mukuru wezvigadzirwa zvepetroleum papasi. The Costs of War Project paBrown University yakaburitsa chirevo muna 2019 chakanzi "Pentagon Fuel Use, Climate Change, uye Mari dzeHondo" iyo yakaratidza kuti kuburitsa kabhoni kwemauto eUS kwakakura kupfuura nyika zhinji dzeEurope. Nyika zhinji dziri kuisa mari mumidziyo mitsva yemafuta anofambiswa nemafuta ezvombo, zvakaita sejeti dzehondo, ngarava dzehondo nemotokari dzine zvombo, izvo zvinozokonzera kuvharika kwekabhoni kwemakumi emakore akawanda uye kudzivirira kukurumidza decarbonization. Zvakadaro, havana hurongwa hwakakwana hwekumisa kuburitswa kwemauto uye kuwana kusarerekera kwekabhoni panosvika 2050. Tiri kukumbira kuti UNFCCC iise pachirongwa cheCOP inotevera nyaya yekuburitswa kwemauto nehondo.
Gore rakapera, kushandiswa kwemauto pasi rose kwakakwira kusvika pamadhora 2.1 tiririyoni (USD), maererano neStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Mashanu makuru anoshandisa mari muchiuto iUnited States, China, India, United Kingdom neRussia. Muna 2021, US yakashandisa $801 bhiriyoni pamauto ayo, ayo akaverengera makumi mana muzana emadhora epasirese ekushandiswa kwemauto uye anopfuura nyika pfumbamwe dzakabatanidzwa. Gore rino, hutongi hweBiden hwakawedzera kushandiswa kwemauto eUS kusvika parekodhi yemadhora mazana masere nemakumi mana emadhora. Kusiyana neizvi bhajeti reUS reEnvironmental Protection Agency, iro rinoona nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, rinongori mabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe nemazana mashanu emadhora. Hurumende yeBritain inoronga kupeta kaviri mari inoshandiswa muchiuto kusvika pa<em>£40 bhiriyoni panosvika 840. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, hurumende yeBritain yakazivisa kuti yaizobvisa mari kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye rubatsiro rwekunze kuti ipedze zvakawanda pazvombo kuenda kuUkraine. Germany yakazivisawo € 9.5 bhiriyoni kuwedzera kune yayo mari yekushandisa muchiuto. Mubhajeti remubatanidzwa richangoburwa, Canada yakawedzera bhajeti rayo redziviriro parizvino pamadhora 100 bhiriyoni / gore nemadhora mazana masere emadhora mumakore mashanu anotevera. Nhengo dzeNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) dziri kuwedzera mari yemauto kuti isangane ne2030% GDP chinangwa. Chirevo cheNATO chezvino chekudzivirira chekushandisa chinoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemauto kune makumi matatu enhengo dzenhengo dzayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya mumakore 100 apfuura kubva pamadhora mazana masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemazana matanhatu kusvika kumadhora 35 trillion USD pagore, inova 8% yemari yemauto pasi rose (Chati 2). Kuwedzera uku kunodarika $7 bhiriyoni pagore, inodarika kaviri chivimbiso chemari yemamiriro ekunze.
Muna 2009 paCOP 15 kuCopenhagen, nyika dzakapfuma dzekuMadokero dzakaita chisungo chekuumba homwe yepagore inosvika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora panosvika 100 yekubatsira nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dzigadzirise dambudziko remamiriro ekunze, asi dzakatadza kuzadzikisa chinangwa ichi. Gumiguru rapfuura, nyika dzekuMadokero dzichitungamirwa neCanada neGermany dzakaburitsa chirongwa cheClimate Finance Delivery Plan ichiti zvichatora kusvika 2020 kuzadzisa chisungo chavo chekuunganidza mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora gore rega rega kuburikidza neGreen Climate Fund (GCF) kubatsira nyika dzine hurombo kugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze. . Nyika dzichiri kusimukira ndidzo dzinokonzeresa dambudziko iri, asi ndidzo dzakanyanya kurohwa nemamiriro ekunze-inokonzeresa mamiriro ekunze ekunze uye dzinoda mari yakakwana yekugadziridza uye kurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa.
PaCOP 26 muGlasgow, nyika dzakapfuma dzakabvumirana kuwedzera kaviri mari yadzo kuti zvigadziriswe, asi dzatadza kuita izvi uye dzatadza kuwirirana mari yekurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa. Muna Nyamavhuvhu wegore rino, GCF yakatanga mushandirapamwe wayo wekudzokorora kechipiri kubva kunyika. Mari iyi yakakosha mukugadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye shanduko yakarurama inoenderana nevanhukadzi uye yakanangana nenharaunda dzinotambura. Panzvimbo pokuunganidza pfuma nokuda kwokururamisira kwemamiriro okunze, gore rino rapfuura, nyika dzokuMadokero dzakawedzera nokukurumidza mari inoshandiswa nevoruzhinji nokuda kwezvombo nehondo. Tiri kukumbira kuti UNFCCC isimudze nyaya yekushandiswa kwechiuto senzira yekuwana mari yezvivakwa zvekutsigira mamiriro ekunze: GCF, Adaptation Fund, uye Loss and Damage Financing Facility.
MunaGunyana, panguva yeGeneral Debate kuUnited Nations, vatungamiriri venyika dzakawanda vakashora mari yekushandisa muchiuto uye vakaita hukama nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Mutungamiriri weSolomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare akati, "Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mari yakawanda inoshandiswa muhondo pane kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvi zvinosuwisa zvikuru." Gurukota rinoona nezvekunze kweCosta Rica Gurukota rinoona nezvekunze kweCosta Rica, Arnaldo André-Tinoco vakatsanangura,
“Hazvifungidzike kuti kunyange mamirioni avanhu akamirira jekiseni, mishonga kana chikafu kuti vaponese hupenyu hwavo, nyika dzakapfuma dziri kuramba dzichiisa hupfumi hwadzo pamberi pezvombo zvichikanganisa kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu, mamiriro ekunze, hutano uye kupora zvakaenzana. Muna 2021, kushandiswa kwemauto epasi rose kwakaramba kuchikwira kwegore rechinomwe rakateedzana kusvika pahuwandu hwepamusoro hwatisati tamboona munhoroondo. Costa Rica nhasi inodzokorora kudana kwayo kwekudzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakasimba mukushandiswa kwemauto. Nokuda kwezvombo zvakawanda zvatinogadzira, zvakawanda zvinopukunyuka kunyange kuedza kwedu kwepamusoro pakutungamirira nekutonga. Inyaya yekuisa pamberi pehupenyu nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu nepasi pamusoro pemubairo unofanirwa kuitwa kubva kuzvombo nehondo. "
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Costa Rica yakabvisa mauto ayo muna 1949. Iyi nzira yekubvisa mauto mukati memakore makumi manomwe apfuura yakaita kuti Costa Rica ive mutungamiri mukukurukurirana kwe decarbonization uye biodiversity. Gore rakapera kuCOP 70, Costa Rica yakatanga "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" uye nyika inogona kuisa magetsi ayo akawanda pane zvinogadziriswa. Pamusangano mukuru weUN wegore rino, Mutungamiri weColombia Gustavo Petro Urrego akashorawo hondo "dzakagadzirwa" muUkraine, Iraq, Libya, neSyria uye akataura kuti hondo dzakashanda sechikonzero chekusagadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Tiri kukumbira kuti UNFCCC itarise zvakanangana nematambudziko akabatana echiuto, hondo uye dambudziko remamiriro ekunze.
Gore rakapera, masayendisiti Dr. Carlo Rovelli naDkt Matteo Smerlak vakabatana neGlobal Peace Dividend Initiative. Vakakakavadzana muchinyorwa chavo chazvino "A Diki Cheka Munyika Yekushandisa Kwemauto Inogona Kubatsira Mari Yemamiriro Ekunze, Hutano uye Hurombo Solutions" yakaburitswa muScientific American kuti nyika dzinofanira kuendesa imwe yemadhora mazana maviri emadhora "akaparara gore rega munhangemutange yezvombo pasi rose" kuGreen. Climate Fund (GCF) nedzimwe mari dzebudiriro. Runyararo uye kudzikisira uye kugoverazve kushandiswa kwemauto kumari yemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha kudzikamisa kudziya kwepasi kusvika ku2 degrees. Tinodaidza UNFCCC Secretariat kuti ishandise hofisi yako kusimudzira ruzivo pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa kuburitswa kwemauto uye mashandisirwo echiuto padambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Tinokumbira kuti muise nyaya idzi pane iri kuuya yeCOP ajenda uye mutumire ongororo yakakosha uye mushumo weveruzhinji. Carbon-yakanyanya kurwa hondo uye kukwira kwemari yekushandisa muchiuto hakuchagone kufuratirwa kana isu takazvipira kudzivirira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Chekupedzisira, tinotenda kuti runyararo, kubvisa zvombo uye kubvisa mauto kwakakosha mukuderedza, shanduko yekuchinja, uye kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze. Tinogashira mukana wekusangana newe zvakazara uye tinogona kusvikwa kuburikidza neruzivo rwekusangana nehofisi yeWILPF pamusoro. WILPF ichange ichitumirawo nhumwa kuCOP 27 uye isu tingafara kusangana nemi pachedu muEgypt. Rumwe ruzivo nezve masangano edu uye masosi eruzivo rwuri mutsamba yedu akavharirwa pazasi. Tinotarisira mhinduro yako. Ndinokutendai nekucherechedza kwenyu kune zvinotinetsa.
pachokwadi,
Madeleine Rees
Munyori Mukuru
Chikwata cheMarudzi Chevakadzi kune Rugare uye Rusununguko
Sean Conner
Executive Director International Peace Bureau
David Swanson Co-Muvambi uye Executive Director
World BEYOND War
NEZVESANGANO EDU:
Women's International League yeRunyararo neRusununguko (WILPF): WILPF isangano rakavakirwa panhengo rinoshanda kuburikidza nemisimboti yezvechikadzi, mukubatana uye nekudyidzana nemasisita anorwira kodzero, network, mibatanidzwa, mapuratifomu, uye masangano akazvimirira. WILPF ine nhengo Zvikamu uye Mapoka munyika dzinopfuura makumi mana uye vanobatana pasirese uye mahofisi edu makuru ari kuGeneva. Chiono chedu ndechenyika yerunyararo rwechigarire yakavakirwa panheyo dzechikadzi dzerusununguko, kururamisira, kusaita mhirizhonga, kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuenzana kwevanhu vese, uko vanhu, nyika, nevamwe vagari vayo vese vanogarisana uye vachibudirira mukuwirirana. WILPF ine chirongwa chekubvisa zvombo, Kusvika Kwakakosha Kuda kwakavakirwa muNew York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Rumwe ruzivo rweWILPF: www.wilpf.org
International Peace Bureau (IPB): The International Peace Bureau yakatsaurirwa kune chiono cheNyika Isina Hondo. Chirongwa chedu chikuru chazvino chakanangana neKudzivirirwa Kwezvombo zveKusimudzirwa Kwekusimudzira uye mukati meizvi, tarisiro yedu iri kunyanya kugoverwa kwemari yemauto. Tinotenda kuti nekuderedza mari yebazi remauto, mari yakawanda inogona kusunungurwa kumapurojekiti evanhu, mukati kana kunze kwenyika, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuzadzikiswa kwezvido zvevanhu zvechokwadi uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva imwecheteyo, tinotsigira huwandu hwemishandirapamwe yekubvisa zvombo uye tinopa data pamusoro pehukuru hwehupfumi hwezvombo uye kukakavara. Basa redu rekutsvaga kurwisa zvombo zvenyukireya rakatanga kare muma1980. Masangano edu mazana matatu ari nhengo munyika makumi manomwe, pamwe chete nenhengo imwe neimwe, vanoumba network yepasi rose, ichiunza pamwechete ruzivo uye ruzivo rwekushambadzira mune chimwe chikonzero. Tinobatanidza nyanzvi uye vatsigiri vanoshanda panyaya dzakafanana kuitira kuvaka masangano akasimba emagariro evanhu. Makumi gumi apfuura, IPB yakatanga chirongwa chepasi rose chekushandisa mari muchiuto: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ inodaidzira kudzikiswa uye kugoverwazve kune zvinodikanwa zvekugarisana uye zvakatipoteredza. Mamwe ruzivo: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War ibato risiri renyika rose kupedzisa hondo nekutanga runyararo uye runyararo runyararo. Isu tinovavarira kuumba ziviso yeruzhinji rutsigiro rwekupedza hondo uye kuwedzera humwe hutsigiro. Isu tinoshanda kusimudzira zano rekuti kwete kungodzivirira chero humwe hwehondo asi kudzima iyo yese institution. Isu tinoedza kutsiva tsika yehondo neye yerunyararo umo nzira dzisiri dzekupokana dzekugadzirisa makakatanwa dzinotora nzvimbo yeropa. World BEYOND War yakatangwa Ndira 1, 2014. Tine zvitsauko nemasangano akabatana pasi rose. WBW yakatanga chikumbiro chepasi rose "COP27: Regedza Kusabvisa Kusvibiswa Kwemauto kubva kuChibvumirano Chemamiriro ekunze": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Ruzivo rwakawanda nezveWBW runogona kuwanikwa pano: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
ZVINYORWA:
Canada neGermany (2021) "Chirongwa Chekuendesa Kwemari Yemamiriro ekunze: Kusangana neUS $ 100 Bhiriyoni Chinangwa": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Conflict and Environment Observatory (2021) "Pasi pe radar: Iyo kabhoni tsoka yezvikamu zvemauto eEU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- footprint- of-the-EUs-military-sectors.pdf
Crawford, N. (2019) "Pentagon Fuel Use, Climate Change, uye Mari dzeHondo":
https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "UK kushandisa mamiriro ekunze uye mari yekubatsira kutenga zvombo zveUkraine," Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (2022) NATO Defense Expenditures Report, Chikumi 2022:
OECD (2021) "Mamiriro ekutarisa-mberi emari yemamiriro ekunze akapihwa uye akaunganidzwa nenyika dzakabudirira muna 2021-2025: Technical note": https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a53aac3b- en.pdf?expires=1662416616&id =id&accname=guest&checksum=655B79E12E987B035379B2F08249 7ABF
Rovelli, C. naSmerlak, M. (2022) "Kucheka Kudiki MuKushandisa Kwemauto Kwenyika Inogona Kubatsira Mari Yemamiriro Ekunze, Hutano uye Hurombo Solutions," Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- kucheka-munyika-mauto-kushandisa-kugona-kubatsira-mari- mamiriro ekunze-utano-uye-urombo-mhinduro/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Kushandiswa kwekudzivirira kweUK kupeta kusvika pa100bn panosvika 2030, anodaro gurukota," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- ku-double-to-100m-by-2030-anodaro-minister
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2022) Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021:
UN Environment Programme (2021): Mamiriro Emari Yezvakasikwa https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
UNFCCC (2022) Climate Finance: https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-finance-in-the-negotiations/climate-finance
United Nations (2022) General Debate, General Assembly, Gunyana 20-26: https://gadebate.un.org/en
