Uye Mauto Akaramba Akatambura: Veterans, Tsika Kukuvadzwa uye Kuzviuraya

Ndakafara kwazvo kuona New York Times runyorwa paNovember 1, 2019, Kuzviuraya Kwave Kunouraya Kupfuura Kurwisa Mauto. Semunhu akarwa veteran pachezvangu uye mumwe munhu akatambura nekuzviuraya kubvira muhondo yeIraq ndinotenda neruzhinji rwekutarisa nyaya yevakadzi vekuzviuraya, kunyanya sekuziva kwangu vazhinji vakarasika pazviri. Zvisinei, iyo Times kudhinda bhodhi rakakanganisa zvakanyanya parakati "Vatungamiriri vemauto vanoona kuti huwandu hwevanhu vanozviuraya vevashandi uye veteran vakaenzana nehuwandu mushure mekugadzirisa zvehuwandu hwemauto, kunyanya vadiki nevanhurume." Nekutaura zvisiri izvo zviitiko zvekuuraya kuzviuraya Kuzviuraya kwevanhukadzi Times inoita kuti mhedzisiro yehondo iite senge inoshungurudza asi zvisingaite. Chokwadi ndechekuti kufa nekuzviuraya kunowanzouraya veteran padanho rakakura kupfuura kurwa, nepo chikonzero chikuru chekufa uku chiri muhupombwe nehuipi hwehondo pachavo.

Ku Times ' inosvibisa gore rese kuzviuraya data kwakapihwa neVeterans Administration (VA) kubvira 2012 inonyatsojekesa kuti veteran yekuzviuraya huwandu kana ichienzaniswa neyevagari vemo vanogadziriswa kwezera uye zvepabonde. Mu 2019 National Veteran Kuuraya Kudzivirira kwegore Rakaitika pamapeji 10 uye 11 iyo VA inoshuma kuti yakachinja zera uye zvepabonde mwero wekuzviuraya kune veteran nguva ndeye 1.5 nguva iyo vagari vemo; mauto veteran anoumba 8% yeUS vanhu vakuru, asi nhoroondo ye13.5% yevakuru vanozviuraya muUS (peji 5).

Sezvo mumwe munhu achiona musiyano wehuwandu hwevagari vemo, kunyanya, pakati pevetera vakaona kurwa uye nevasina kuona kurwa, munhu anoona mukana wakakura wekuzviuraya pakati peveterani nekuratidzwa kurwa. VA data inoratidza pakati veterans iyo yakaendeswa kuIraq neAfghanistan, avo vari mudiki pakati peavo, kureva avo vangangodaro vaona kurwa, vaive nemazita ekuzviuraya, akagadzirwazve zera uye zvepabonde, 4-10 nguva dzakakwira kupfuura vezera ravo rekupokana. Zvidzidzo zviri kunze kweVA zvinotarisa kune veterans avo vaona kurwa, nekuti havazi vese vetera vanoisa kunzvimbo yehondo vanoita zvekurwa, vanotsigira manhamba akanyanya kuzviuraya. In a 2015 New York Times nyaya yaMarine Corps yekuchecheudza unit yakateverwa mushure mekuuya kumba kubva kuhondo yakaona kuzviuraya pakati pejaya vechidiki 4 nguva dzakakura kupfuura vamwe vechidiki veteran vechirume uye 14 nguva iyo yevavaridzi. Iyi njodzi yakawedzera yekuzviuraya kune veterans vakashanda munguva yehondo ine chokwadi pamarudzi ese evarume, kusanganisira Chizvarwa Chikuru. Chidzidzo mu2010 by The Bay Citizen uye New America Media, sezvakataurwa naAaron Glantz, yakawana huwandu hwekuzviuraya kweVWII veterans kuve 4 nguva yakakwira kupfuura yevavo vezera rehurumende, nepo VA data, yakaburitswa kubvira 2015, ratidza mitengo yeWWII veterans yakakwidziridzwa kumusoro kwevakadzi vezera ravo. A 2012 VA kudzidza vakawana kuti veVietnam veterans vane ruzivo rwekuuraya vaive nekaviri kukanganisika kwekufunga kuzviuraya kupfuura avo vane ruzivo rwakadzika kana vasina ruzivo rwekuuraya, kunyangwe mushure mekugadzirisa nekuda kwekushungurudza kushungurudzika kusagadzikana (PTSD), zvinodhaka uye kushungurudzika.

Iyo VA's Veterans Crisis Line (VCL), imwe yemapurogiramu akawanda etsigiro asipo kune zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvevakadzi vehondo, chiyero chakanaka chekuti kurwiswa kwakanyanya kwekuzviuraya neveteran kune VA nevanovachengeta. Kubva zvaari kuvhura mu2007 kuburikidza nemagumo e2018, VCL vanopindura "vakapindura kupfuura 3.9 mamirioni efoni, vakafambisa kupfuura 467,000 online chats uye vakapindura kune anopfuura 123,000 zvinyorwa. Kuedza kwavo kwakonzera kuendesa mabasa ekukurumidzira ingangoita nguva dze119,000 kune Veterans vanoshaya. ”Kuisa iyo nhamba yekupedzisira mumamiriro kupfuura 30 nguva pazuva vanopindura VCL inoshevedza mapurisa, moto kana EMS kupindira mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuzviuraya, zvakare sevhisi yaisawanikwa isati yasvika 2007. Iyo VCL inongova chikamu chimwe cheiyo yakakura system yekutsigira yevakadzi vekuzviuraya uye pasina mubvunzo kune akawanda akawanda kupfuura 30 inodiwa kupindira kwekukurumidzira kune veterans zuva rega rega, chingo tarisa huwandu hwakataurwa huwandu 20 veteran anozviuraya pazuva. Nhamba iyoyo yevarume nevakadzi vanofa nekuzviuraya zuva rega rega, isina magumo, inounza mutengo wechokwadi: miviri yakavigwa, mhuri uye shamwari dzakaparadzwa, zviwanikwa zvakadzoserwa, zvichidzokera kurudzi rwakagara ruchizvifunga rwakachengetedzwa kubva kuhondo nevaviri vadziviriro makungwa. Zvinoshungurudza sei Mashoko aAbraham Lincoln ikozvino nzwika kana iyo pfungwa yemhedzisiro yehondo iyo US yaunza kune vamwe vadzokere kumba kwedu:

Isu tinotarisira here kuti imwe hofori yehondo yakadarika ichipinda mugungwa uye ichipwanya isu? Kwete! Hondo dzese dzeEurope, Asia, ne Africa zvakasangana, pamwe nehumwe hupfumi hwepasi (veduwe kunze) muchipfuva chemauto, neBonaparte yemutungamiriri, vakatadza kumanikidza kutora chinwiwa kubva kuOhio kana kuita track. paBlue Ridge muyedzo yemakore chiuru. Inguvai ipapo iyo nzira yengozi ingatarisirwa? Ini ndinopindura. Kana zvikazombosvika kwatiri zvinofanirwa kumera pakati pedu; haigoni kubva kunze. Kana ruparadziko rwakava rwedu isu pachedu tinofanirwa kuve munyori waro nemugumo. Senyika yerusununguko tinofanirwa kurarama kuburikidza nguva dzese kana kufa nekuzviuraya.

Huwandu uhwu hwekuzviuraya muma veterans hunotungamira huwandu hwerufu rwemauto ehondo pamba anopfuura huwandu hwakaurawa muhondo. Mu2011, Glantz uye The Bay Citizen "Vachishandisa zvinyorwa zvehutano zveveruzhinji, vanotaura kuti 1,000 California veterans vari pasi pe35 vakafa kubva ku2005 kusvika 2008 - katatu nhamba yakaurayiwa muIraq neAfghanistan panguva imwe chete iyoyo." VA data rinotiudza kuti vanhu vaviri vemuAfghan neIraq vanofa nekuzviuraya. zuva rega rega paavhareji, zvichireva kuti vanofungidzirwa kuti 7,300 veterans vazviuraya kubva 2009 chete, mushure mekuuya kumba kubva kuAfghanistan neIraq, vakakura kupfuura nhamba Nhengo dzebasa re7,012 dzakaurayiwa muhondo idzodzo kubvira 2001. Kuti uone zvinonzwisisika pfungwa iyi kuti kuuraya muhondo hakuperi kana masoja auya kumba, funga nezveVietnam Veterans Memorial muWashington, DC, Wall, ine mazita ayo 58,000. Iye zvino tarisa Imba asi uchiziremedza nedzimwe 1,000-2,000 tsoka kubatanidza iyo 100,000 kusvika 200,000 pamwe neVietnam veterans vanofungidzirwa kuti vakarasika kuzviuraya, vachichengeta nzvimbo iripo yekuenderera mberi nekuwedzera mazita kwenguva yakareba seVietnam veterans ichirarama, nekuti kuzviuraya hakuzombomira. (Sanganisira vakashungurudzwa neAgent Orange, mumwe muenzaniso wekuti sei hondo dzisingaperi, uye Iyo Wall inotambanudzira yakapfuura iyo Washington Monument).

Kukuvara kwepfungwa, kwepamoyo uye pamweya uko kunouya nehupenyu hwekupona hazvisi zvakasiyana kuUnited States kana zera razvino. Paradzanisa zvinyorwa zvekare, se Roman uye Native America maakaunti, taura nezve maronda epfungwa uye epfungwa ehondo, uye izvo zvakaitirwa varwi vanodzoka, vachiri vaviri Homer uye Shakespeare tinowana zvirevo zvakajeka nezve maronda asingaonekwe ehondo. Chinyorwa chemazuva ano nemapepanhau epashure peHondo yeHondo dzehondo vakaregedza mhedzisiro yehondo iyo mundangariro, manzwiro uye hutano hweVarwi vehondo yeVarume nekunyora kuwanda kwe varombo vaitambura mumaguta nemaguta kwese kuUnited States. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mazana ezviuru evarume akafa mumakumi emakore mushure meHondo yeHurumende kubva kuzviuraya, kudhakwa, zvinodhaka zvakawandisa uye zvakakonzerwa nekushaiwa pekugara kwakonzerwa nezvavakaita uye kuona muhondo. Walt Whitman'sKana Lilacs Ikupedzisira muDooryard Bloom'd", Kunyanya inyaya kuna Abraham Lincoln, inobhadhara mutero kune vese vakatambura mushure mehondo yapera munhandare dzehondo, asi kwete mundangariro kana ndangariro:

Ndakaona akabvunza mauto,
Ndakaona sokunge mumakoto asina kurota mazana ehondo-mireza,
Kutakurwa neutsi hwehondo uye kubayiwa nemisasa ndakavaona,
Takatakurwa kuno neutsi muutsi, uye tabvaruka uye neropa,
Uye pakupedzisira kwasara mashoma mashoma akasara padanda, (uye zvese zvakanyarara,)
Uye tsvimbo dzose dzakatsemuka uye dzakatyoka.
Ndakaona zvitunha, makumi ezviuru zvavo,
Uye mapfupa machena emajaya, ndakavaona.
Ndikaona marara nemarara evarwi vese vakaurayiwa vehondo,
Asi ndakaona kuti ivo vaive vasina kuita sekufunga,
Ivo pachavo vaive vakakwana pazororo, ivo vaisatambura,
Vapenyu vakasara vachitambura, amai vakatambura,
Zvino mukadzi nemwana pamwe nemusikana wekushamisika akatambudzika,
Uye mauto akasara angatambura.

Kuchera zvakare mu data kune veterans kuzviuraya kwakapihwa neVA imwe inowana imwezve inotyisa manhamba. Zvakaoma kunyatso kuona chiyero chaicho chekuedza kuzviuraya kusvika pakuzviuraya. Pakati pevakuru veUS CDC uye zvimwe zvinhu taura kuti pane dzinongoitika 25-30 yekuedza kurufu rumwe. Ukatarisa ruzivo kubva kuVA zvinoita senge kuti uyu muyero wakadzika kwazvo, zvimwe mukati nhamba imwe chete, pamwe yakaderera se5 kana 6 kuedza kwese kufa. Tsananguro yekutanga yeizvi inoratidzika kunge ndeyekuti veterans vanogona zvakanyanya kushandisa pfuti kuzviuraya pane vagari vemo; hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa kuti kushandisa pfuti nzira inowanzo mukana yekuzviuraya kupfuura nedzimwe nzira. Dhata inoratidza kuuraya kwekushandisa pfuti kuzviuraya kuri pamusoro pe85%, nepo dzimwe nzira dzekufa nekuzviuraya unayo chete 5% budiriro. Izvi hazvigutsikise mubvunzo wekuti sei veteran vaine chinangwa chakasimba chekuzviuraya kupfuura vanhu; sei veterans vachisvika kunzvimbo yenhamo uye kushushikana mukuzviuraya kwavo uko kunotangisa kutsunga kwakadzama kuti vafe?

Mhinduro dzakawanda dzakapihwa kumubvunzo uyu. Vamwe vanofunga kuti varwi vehondo vanonetsekana kudzokerana munharaunda, vamwewo vachitenda tsika yevemauto inodzivisa veterani kukumbira rubatsiro. Dzimwe pfungwa dzinotenderera kune pfungwa yekuti nekuti veteran vakadzidziswa zvechisimba vanogona kutendeukira kumhirizhonga seyakagadziriswa, nepo mumwe mutsara wekufunga ndewekuti nhamba huru yevavaridzi vane pfuti mhinduro yavo kumatambudziko . Kune zvidzidzo zvinoratidza izvo zvinofungidzira kuzviuraya kana hukama pakati peanopisa uye kuzviuraya. Mumhinduro idzi dzese dzakataurwa mune zvinhu zvine rusaruro rwechokwadi kana kukwana chikonzero chakakura, asi hazvina kukwana uye zvinoguma zvaburitswa, nekuti kana izvi zvaive zvikonzero zvewakakwirisa veteran kuzviuraya saka vanhu vese veteran vanofanira kupindura nenzira imwecheteyo. Nekudaro, sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, veterans vanga vachienda kuhondo uye vakaona kurwa kune yakakwira nhamba yekuzviuraya kupfuura veterans vasina kuenda kuhondo kana kusangana nekurwa.

Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu wekuuraya kuzviuraya inongova iripo hukama pachena pakati pekurwisa nekuzviuraya. Ichi chinongedzo chakasimbiswa nguva zhinji mukuongororwa kwevezera ne VA uye mayunivhesiti eU.S. Mune a 2015 meta-analyis neYunivhesiti yeUtah National Center for Veteran Study vatsvagiri vakawana 21 ye22 yaimboitiswa vezera yakaongorora ongororo yakabatana pakati pekurwa nekuzviuraya yakasimbisa hukama hwakajeka pakati pevaviri ava. Systematic Ongorora uye Meta ‐ Kuongorora ", vaongorori vacho vakapedzisa vachiti:" Ongororo yakawana 43 muzana yakawedzera mukana wekuzviuraya apo vanhu vakaurayiwa nekuuraya uye kuenzaniswa ne 25 muzana chete kana vakatarisa kuendesa [kunzvimbo yehondo] kazhinji. "

Pane hukama chaihwo pakati pePTSD uye zvinoshungurudza uropi nekukuvara, mamiriro ese ari maviri anowanzove mhedzisiro yekurwisa. Pamusoro pezvo, varwi vehondo vanosangana nehukuru hwekushungurudzika, kushungurudzwa kwezvinodhaka uye kushaya pekugara. Nekudaro, chikonzero chikuru chekuda kuzviuraya muhondo vetera ndinotenda hachisi chinhu chebhaibheri, chemuviri kana chepfungwa, asi chimwe chinhu icho munguva pfupi yapfuura chave kuzivikanwa se kuora kwetsika. Kukuvara kwetsika iko kukuvadzwa kwemweya pamwe nemweya zvinokonzeresa kana munhu akamutadzira kana tsika, zvaunotenda, kutarisira, nezvimwewo Kazhinji kuora kwetsika kunoitika kana mumwe munhu akaita chimwe chinhu kana akatadza kuita chimwe chinhu, eg. Ndakapfura ndokuuraya mukadzi iyeye kana ndikatadza kununura shamwari yangu kuti isafe nekuti ini ndakazviponesa. Kukuvara kwetsika kunoitikawo kana munhu akatengeswa nevamwe kana nesangano, senge munhu paanotumirwa kuhondo akavakirwa panhema kana kubatwa chibharo nevamwe vavo mauto vobva varambidzwa kururamisirwa nevakuru vavo.

Kufanana kwekukuvara kwetsika imhosva, asi kufanana kwakanyanya kureruka, sekuoma kwakaita kukuvara kwehunhu kunoendesa kune kungosviba kwomweya nemweya, asi zvakare pakuzvivakazvesa wega. Yangu pachangu zvaiita sekunge nheyo dzehupenyu hwangu, hupenyu hwangu, hwabviswa kubva pasi pangu. Izvi ndizvo akandidhonzera kunoda kuzviuraya. Kukurukurirana kwandakaitwa nevamwe vatinonamata navo kwakakanganiswa nekukuvara kwetsika zvinosimbisa zvakafanana.

Kwemakumi emakore kukosha kwekukuvara kwehunhu, kana iri senge chairo rave richishandiswa, zvave zvichinzwisiswa mumabhuku anoongorora kuzviuraya pakati pevakadzi. Pangosvika 1991 iyo VA yakazivikanwa anofanotungamira kuzviuraya muVietnam veterans se "zvakanyanya kurwisa zvine chekuita nemhosva". Muongororo dzambotaurwa meta-kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvinoongorora hukama hwehondo uye kuzviuraya neUni University yeUtah, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinotaura nezve kukosha kwe "mhosva, nyadzi, kuzvidemba, uye kusazviona 'mukufunga kuzviuraya kwevakarwa veteran.

Kuuraya muhondo hakuuyi kwoga kune majaya nemhandara. Ivo vanofanirwa kuve nemamiriro ekuita uye hurumende yeUS yakashandisa makumi emabhiriyoni emadhora, kana zvisingaverengeke, ichinyatsogadzirisa maitiro emamiriro emajaya nemhandara kuuraya. Kana murume wechidiki apinda muMarine Corps kuti ave pfuti iye achapinda mumavhiki e13 ekudzidzira basa. Iye anozoenda kwemavhiki matanhatu kusvika masere eanowedzera ezvekushandisa uye maitiro ekudzidzira. Mumwedzi yose iyi achazoumbirwa kuuraya. Paanogashira oda haazoti "hongu, changamire" kana "aye, changamire" asi anozopindura achiti, "Uraya!". Izvi zvichagara kwemwedzi yehupenyu hwake munharaunda umo iyo pachayo inotsiviwa neisingafungidzi boka vanofunga munzvimbo yekudzidziswa yakaitwa kwemazana emakore kugadzira vanouraya uye vanehasha vanoponda. Mushure medzidzo yake yekutanga senge pfuti, murume wechidiki uyu anozotaurira kuchikamu chake kwaanoshandisa nguva yake yese yekunyorwa, anenge makore 3 ½, achingoita chinhu chimwe chete: kudzidzira kuuraya. Zvese izvi zvakakosha kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti Marine anozoita nekuuraya muvengi wake chokwadi uye asingazeze. Iyo isiri-kumira, mune zvedzidzo uye nesainzi zvakatsanangurwa maitiro asina kufananidzwa mukati mechinhu chero chipi zvacho chiri munyika chevanhu. Pasina chimiro chakadai varume nevakadzi havazo dhiri dhizaini, zvakapusa kwete vazhinji vavo sezvavanoda maJeneral; zvidzidzo dzehondo dzapfuura dzakaratidza huwandu hwemauto haina kupisa moto zvombo zvavo pakurwa kutoti ivo vakagadzirirwa kuita saizvozvo.

Pakusunungurwa kubva muchiuto, pakudzoka kubva kuhondo, mamiriro ekuuraya haasisiri chinangwa kunze kwekurwa uye bubvu rehupenyu hwemauto. Mamiriro ezvinhu haasi ekushambidza kwehuropi uye sekudaro mamiriro emukati akadai epfungwa, manzwiro uye emweya mamiriro anogona uye achave atrophy. Akatarisana naye pachavo munharaunda, akabvumirwa kuona nyika, hupenyu uye vanhu sezvaaimboziva ivo kusabatana pakati pezvaakange akaiswa muMarine Corps uye izvo zvaakangoziva iye iye zvino zvavepo. Maitiro aakadzidziswa nemhuri yake, vadzidzisi vake kana varairidzi, kereke yake, sinagoge kana mosque; zvinhu zvaakadzidza kubva mumabhuku aakaverenga uye mumabhaisikopo aaiona; uye munhu wakanaka waaigara achifunga kuti achadzoka, uye kusanzwanana pakati pezvaakaita muhondo uye chii uye kuti waaizvitenda iye zvinozoguma nekukuvara kwetsika.

Kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvikonzero vanhu vanopinda muchiuto, sekunge chirongwa chehupfumi, ruzhinji rwemajaya nemhandara vanobatana nemauto eUS Mauto vanoita izvi nechinangwa chekubatsira vamwe, vanozviona ivo, nenzira kwayo kana zvisizvo, kunge munhu ane ngowani chena. Iri basa regamba rakawedzera kurovererwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa zvechiuto, zvakare kuburikidza kuburikidza nerudzi rwedu rwepedyo-deisheni remauto; chapupu kuremekedza kuri kuenderera mberi nekusaremekedzwa kwavarwi kungave kuri mumitambo yemitambo, mumafirimu, kana munzira yezvematongerwo enyika. Nekudaro, chiitiko chevakarwa muhondo kazhinji ndechekuti vanhu vaive vakabatwa uye vakaunzwa kuhondo havana kuona mauto eU.S. kunge akapfeka hembe chena, asi panzvimbo dzevatema. Pano, zvakare, dissonance iripo mukati memunhu veterani pfungwa nemweya, pakati peiyo nharaunda nemauto inomuudza uye izvo zvaakasangana chaizvo. Kukuvara kwehunhu kunopinda uye kunotungamira mukuora mwoyo uye kunetseka kune iyo, pakupedzisira, kuzviuraya chete kunoratidzika kunge kunopa zororo.

Ini ndakataura nezvaShakespeare zvisati zvaitika uye zviri kwaari kazhinji ndinodzoka kana ndotaura nezvekukuvara kwetsika uye kufa nekuzviuraya muma veterans. Rangarira Lady MacBeth uye mazwi ake muChita 5, Scene 1 ye MacBeth:

Kunze, kwakatemwa nzvimbo! Kunze, ndinoti! —Omwe, vaviri. Sei, saka, 'tis nguva yekuita' t. Shehena yakadzimwa! Murwi, uye anotya? Chii chatinoda kutya ndiani anozviziva, apo hapana anogona kudana simba redu kuti azvidavirire? —Angave akafunga kuti chembere iyi yaive neropa rakawanda kwazvo maari!

Thani weFife aive nemukadzi. Aripiko iyezvino? —Ko, ko, maoko aya anozove akachena here? —Kwezve, 'ishe wangu ,zvezve o' izvo. Unoroora zvese nekutanga uku…

Kunhuhwirira kweropa kuchiri. Zvese zvinonhuhwirira zveArabia hazvizotapudzi urwu ruoko rudiki. Oo, o!

Funga zvino nezvejaya kana vakadzi vekumusha vanobva kuIraq kana Afghanistan, Somalia kana Panama, Vietnam kana Korea, iwo matondo eEurope kana zvitsuwa zvePacific, izvo zvavakaita hazvigone kudzoreredzwa, mazwi ese esimbiso kuti zvavakaita hazvina kudaro. kuponda hakugone kururamiswa, uye hapana chinogona kushambidza ropa rinosimuka pamaoko avo. Icho chinhu chakakura kukuvara kwetsika, chikonzero nei varwi munhoroondo yese vazviuraya nguva refu vadzoka kumba kubva kuhondo. Ndokusaka nzira chete yekudzivirira veteran kuzviuraya ivo pachavo ndeyekuvadzivirira kuenda kuhondo.

Notes.

* Nezve basa remauto kuzviuraya, basa rekuzviuraya rinoshanda zvinoenzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu kuzviuraya, kana zvakagadziriswa zera nebonde, zvisinei, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti isati yatumirwa 9 / 11 makore nhamba dzekuzviuraya dzaive shoma kunge hafu yeiyo yevagari vemo pakati pevashandi vanoshanda basa (iyo Pentagon haina kutanga kutevedzera kuzviuraya kusvika 1980 saka data pahondo dzakapfuura dzisina kukwana kana husina kuvapo kwemauto anoshanda).

** Kuongororwa kwaisaratidza kubatana pakati pekuzviuraya nekurwisa kwaive kusingabvumirwe nekuda kwemafambiro enyaya.