Hondo yeuto reAmerica inopisa moto inosvibisa mvura pasi uye vanhu vanorwara mumharaunda pedyo nehurumende dzeUnited States pasi rose
Kaviri, kushanda zvakaoma kaviri uye kutambudzika;
Moto unopisa uye nekodha bubble.
Nhamba ye nyoka fenny,
Mucheka wemota nekubika.
- Macbeth, William Shakespeare
NePat Elder, World BEYOND War, December 2, 2018
Marines anodzima moto panguva yekurovedza muviri kuMarine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, muAlllock, North Carolina, musi waAugust 28, 2013. Mufananidzo: Lance Cpl. Shawn Valosin / US Marines
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Per-flouro octane-sulfo-nate kana PFOS, uye Per-flouro-octa-noic acid kana PFOA, iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa mumapurogiramu anowanzoshandiswa kudzidzisa masoja kudzima moto wemotokari muSouth mauto pasi rose. Mishonga inotyisa inobvumirwa kupinda muvhu rakapoteredza kuti iite chepfu pasi pemvura. Chigumisiro ndechimwe chezvirwere zvikuru zvekusvibiswa kwemvura muhupenyu hwevanhu.
Kusava nechokwadi izvozvo? Dzvanya paGoogle News uye pinda: "PFOS PFAO Mauto Emauto." Wobva wadzoka woverenga chasara chinyorwa ichi - wozvishingisa. Zvakashata.
Mvura muzviuru zvematsime mukati nekukomberedza kumisikidzwa kwemauto eUS pasi rese akaedzwa uye akaratidzirwa kuve neanokuvadza mazinga ePFOS nePFOA. Hutano mhedzisiro yekuratidzwa kumakemikari aya anosanganisira kukanganisika kazhinji uye zvimwe zvinetso zvakakomba zvepamuviri, senge nyaya dzenguva refu dzekubereka. Zvinoshatisa mukaka wemunhu uye vanorwara vana vanoyamwisa. PFOS nePFOA zvinopa kukuvara kwechiropa, kenza yeitsvo, cholesterol yakawanda, kudzikisira kupindura majekiseni, njodzi yekuwedzera yechirwere chetachiona, pamwe nekenza yemachende, micro-penis, uye huwandu hwepasi hwehurume muvanhurume.
Pentagon akaziva nezvekuvhiringidza kwakaipisisa PFOS ne PFOA vane hutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza kubvira 1974, uye vanoramba vachishandisa madhimoni akaipa mazuva ano.
Ne2001, the Hondo yeUnited States yakanyatsonzwisisa kukura kwedambudziko. Ivo vaiziva maputi ekudzimisa moto anoshandiswa pazvigadziko pasirese aive nehupfu nzizi uye tsime mvura munharaunda dzakapoterera, asi vaishushikana kuti kuzivisa kusvibiswa kunouraya kwaizodhura zvakanyanya, saka, vakafunga kuzvinyarara uye vakaramba vachishandisa mafuro - vasina kuongorora kuti chero munhu aive kana akadzika mabheseni anga arwara.
Zvino, ivo vachabhadhara mutengo
inogona kutyisidzira kupona
hwemambo weAmerica wekumahotera.
Funga kuti ndiri kuwedzera pamusoro payo? Zvadaro, zvimwe hauna kuenda neGoogle iyo sezvandakafunga pamusoro pechinhu ichi.
Chinhu ichi chave chichikwira mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura.
Ongorora brilliant report by Tara Copp Military Times, gannett News News. Nyaya dzayo dzinonyora kutambura kusinganzwisisiki kwevakadzi vechidiki vari muchiuto vakanwa mvura pachigadziko. Zvidimbu zvaro, kusanganisira, Nei vakadzi vakanzi "Usava nemimba paGeorge Airbase." vakaoma kuverenga nokuti vanobatanidza kusvibiswa kwekutambudzika kwevanhu nekufa. Vakadzi vazhinji vakataurirana vazhinji vachirasika, vamwe vakanga vasina vana vakafa. Masoja achiri kuramba kusunungura zvinyorwa zvezvechiremba zvevakadzi vanotambura munyika yose.
Uye zvakadini nevakadzi (uye varume nevana) pazvigaro uye mumisha yakapoteredza kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kweU.S., zvakadaro Spangdahlem Airbase, Germany uye Kadena Airbase, Okinawa? Kunyanya kuwedzera kwe PFOS uye PFOA zvakawanikwa mumisasa iri pedo nezvidzidzo izvozvo. Havagoni kudzivirirwa. VaAmerica havasi kukurumidza kuedza mvura yavo, kana ivhu ravo, kana mhuka dzavo dzesango.
Vakuru vemunharaunda vari kutsvaga kunobva mvura ine muchetura muOkinawa varambidzwa kuwana mabheseni maviri eUS. Kuramba kunomiririra muenzaniso wazvino weJapan - US Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) ichitadzisa vakuru veJapan kuyedza kugadzirisa matambudziko ehutano anotarisana nevagari vemuno.
I-SOFA, ine bhailerplate mutauro wayo, inorara mutemo weumambo. Inoti, "Muzvivako uye munzvimbo, United States inogona kutora matanho ose anodiwa pakugadzwa kwavo, kushanda, kuchengetedza nekudzivirira."
Dambudziko rakagadziriswa?
Ikoko kune kuipa kwakanyanya muBelgium. VaAmerica ndivo vane mhosva yekusvibiswa kwemashure paUnited States Army Garrison Benelux Caserne Daumerie muChièvres, Belgium. Masoja ane chepfu ane mvura pasi pano anowedzera kubva pasi. Nhengo dzenharaunda yemo dzakanyeverwa kuti dzisazonwa mvura uye dzakapiwa nemvura yakabhoderedzwa. Mutemo weHondo wakanga wakanyarara, uchivanza shure kweSOFA iyo inopa kodhodhi blanche simba rekuparadza pasi nevanogara.
Ipo EU neUN vakatora matanho ekugadzirisa huturu uhwu, mauto eUS anoramba achishandisa furo ravo rekurwa nemoto muEurope nepasirese. Mushure mezvose, pane mutemo kubva pakati pemakumi matanhatu emakore unoti ivo vanofanirwa kushandisa anouraya fluorochemicals. Zvichakadaro, vekuAmerican makemikari vakagadzira chinotsiva moto chinorwisa furo chinoshanda zvakaringana pasina njodzi dzese dzezvakatipoteredza nehutano, asi mauto eUS haadi kuishandisa. Pane kudaro, mauto ari kushandisa mamirioni ku dzosa chinotyisa chekudzimisa moto nemhepo ine chepfu inopisa moto.
Kwese kuUS, kwatinenge tichine zvisaririra zveyaimbove akakosha EPA, uye isu tichine vakasimba uye vanokwanisa mamiriro emabasa emvura ehurumende, mauto anowanzo ramba kubvuma kukuvara kana kuita zvakawanda kugadzirisa dambudziko.
Heino mhedziso shomanana yenzira iyo Air Force yakakurumidza kuita nayo dambudziko.
- Dayton, director weOhio weMvura akatumira yambiro kuvagari vayo nezvekusvibiswa kwePFOS kubva kuWright Patterson Airbase. Chikumi, 2018
"Nhamo, Air Force haina kuita, uye ndicho chikonzero ndiri kunyora." - Air Force inoramba kudzorerazve misha miviri yeColorado kwemari yakashandiswa inopindura mvura inopiswa nePPAS uye PFAO inoshandiswa mumoto unopisa moto paPetererson Air Force Base. Misha midombo ine $ $ 11 tab. Mvura iri muEl Paso County, Texas haina ngozi kuti inwe. Air Force akatongerwa mamwe mamiriro nekuda kwekusvibisa mvura yakadzika.
- Air Force pakutanga yakaramba chikumbiro chevagari veNew Hampshire avo vaida kuti chidzidzo chiitwe. Vanonwa mvura yePortsmouth ine chepfu, IA Air Force yakataura vakanga vasina mari kubhadhara chidzidzo. Mushure mokunge vanhu vanyanyisa kugadzikana, Air Force yakabvumirwa kubhadhara $ 14.3 mamiriyoni ekuvaka nzvimbo yekurapa mvura kuti ibvise PFOS ne PFOA kubva kumatsime emaguta. (Cherechedza.)
- Zvichakadaro, Mauto Emuchadenga ari kushora mutongo weMichigan uyo anoda kuti upe mvura yekunwa yakachena munzvimbo yeOscoda-Wurtsmith. B-52 base yakavharwa muna1993 uye mvura inoramba iine kuuraya. Mwedzi wapera, zviremera zvehutano zveMichigan zvakapa zano rekuti 'Usadya' nondo dzakatorwa mukati mamaira mashanu kubva kune yekare Wurtsmith Air Force Base. Pave nemakore makumi maviri nemashanu uye rwizi rwemvura yemvura inonwa ichiri chepfu.
Sekureva kweUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), PFOS uye PFOA inoonekwa seiri kubuda utachiona. "Inosvibisa iri kubuda" ikemikari inozivikanwa ne "inoonekwa, inogona, kana kutyisidzira kwehutano hwevanhu kana nharaunda kana nekushaikwa kwehutano hwakaburitswa." Iyo EPA haina kutonga PFOS uye PFOA! Panzvimbo iyoyo, yakagadzika pfudzi-shrug yemakumi manomwe ezviuru pamatirioni eUpenyu Hwese Hutano Mazano emvura yekunwa. Zvichakadaro, vesaenzi neUniversity yeNorth Carolina vanoti yakachengeteka dosi yePFOA uye / kana PFOS mumvura yekunwa ndeye 70 ppt.
IEPA yakagadzira yekusagadziriswa kwehutano yeHIV Advisory Program in 1978 kupa ruzivo kuvanhu pamusoro pezvinosvibisa zvinosanganiswa nekusvibiswa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kukanganisa kunwa kwepamvura yemvura asi kwete kutongwa pasi peSouth Drinking Water Act. IEPA inotarisa Health Advisories kune zvinopfuura 200 tsvina, kusanganisira FFOS uye PFOA. Zvakawanda zvezvinosvibisa izvi zvakanyatsorongedzwa nemarudzi munyika yose, asi vakarurama kuti vaAmerica vanwe.
Mukusakosha kwehurumende hutungamiri panyaya iyi, vamwe vanoti, kusanganisira New Jersey, vatanga kutonga makemikari ari pamiganhu yakaderera kupfuura EPA. Dhipatimendi reNew Jersey rekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo ririkuita sarudzo yekutanga ye PFAS. Kusvibiswa kwematsime emvura paJoint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst kwaiva yakakwirira se264,300 ppt, uye izvi zvakanaka chaizvo neEPA
EPA rinoramba richibvuma nyowani zvine chepfu makemikari ePFAS kunyangwe paine kusvibiswa kwakawanda. America, zvinoita kunge bhizinesi rematsotsi.
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Tsvaga mapeji mumvura iri pedo newe.
NAVY nhamba ye "inokwanisa" kusvibiswa inokundikana kuratidza maitiro ekusvibiswa.
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