Hondo yeAmerica yeAfghan Iri (Chikamu), Pamusoro, Saka Zvakadii neIraq - neIran?

At Bagram mweya-base, Vatengesi vezvipenga veAfghan varikuto nhonga nemumakuva emidziyo yeUS yakange iri kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika dzimbahwe reAmerica makore makumi maviri ekugara kwenyika yavo. Vakuru veAfghan vanoti mauto ekupedzisira eUS akatsvedza kubva kuBagram muvakafa husiku, pasina ziviso kana kubatana.

VaTaliban vari kukurumidza kuwedzera masimba avo pamusoro pemazana ematunhu, kazhinji kuburikidza nekutaurirana pakati pevakuru vemuno, asiwo nechisimba kana mauto akavimbika kuhurumende yeKabul akaramba kuramba nzvimbo dzavaitumira nezvombo.

Mavhiki mashoma apfuura, maTaliban akadzora kota yenyika. Iye zvino chikamu chechitatu. Ivo vari kutora kutonga kwemabhodha machira uye makuru swathes enharaunda mu kuchamhembe kwenyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzaimbove nhare dze Northern Alliance, uto rakatadzisa vaTaliban kubatanidza nyika pasi pehutongi hwavo mukupera kwema1990.

Vanhu vezvakanaka vanozotarisira pasirese ramangwana rerunyararo kuvanhu veAfghanistan, asi iro chete basa repamutemo iro United States inogona kutamba ipapo ikozvino kubhadhara kutsiva, mune chero chimiro, nekuda kwekukuvadza kwaakaita uye kurwadziwa uye kufa zvakakonzera. Kufungidzira mukirasi yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS uye nhepfenyuro yemakambani nezvekuti US ingachengeta sei kubhomba nekuuraya maAfghans kubva "kumusoro" inofanira kumira. IUS nehurumende yavo yehuwori yakaora vakarasikirwa nehondo iyi. Zvino zviri kumaAfghans kuti vagadzire ramangwana ravo.

Saka zvakadiniko nezvenzvimbo yeAmerica isingaperi, Iraq? Vezvenhau veUnited States vanongotaura nezveIraq apo vatungamiriri vedu vanongoerekana vafunga kuti iyo pamusoro pe150,000 mabhomba uye zvombo zvavakakanda paIraq neSyria kubvira 2001 zvaive zvisina kukwana, uye kudonhedza mamwe mashoma kune vanobatana veIran ikoko kuchanyaradza mamwe makoko muWashington vasina kutanga hondo yakazara neIran.

Asi kumamirioni makumi mana evaIraq, sekune makumi mana emamiriyoni eAfghans, nhandare yehondo yeupenzi yakasarudzika inyika yavo, kwete ingori nyaya yenhau. Ivo vari kurarama hupenyu hwavo hwese pasi pekutsungirira mhedzisiro yeiyo neocons 'hondo yekuparadza kukuru.

Vechidiki maIraq vakatora mumigwagwa mu2019 vachiratidzira makore gumi nematanhatu ehurumende ine huwori nevaimbove vatapwa avo United States yakapa nyika yavo nemari yayo yemafuta. Kuratidzira kwe16 kwakanangiswa kuhuwori nehurumende yeIraq uye kutadza kupa mabasa nezvakakosha kuvanhu vayo, asiwo kune vekunze, vanozvishandira vekunze masimba eUnited States neIran pamusoro pehurumende dzese dzeIraq kubva pakupinda kwa2019.

Hurumende nyowani yakaumbwa muna Chivabvu 2020, inotungamirwa naBritish-Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi, aimbove mukuru weIraq yeIntelligence Service uye, zvisati zvaitika, mutori wenhau uye mupepeti weUS-based Al-Monitor Arab webhusaiti. Kunyangwe hazvo ari kumadokero, Al-Kadhimi akatanga kuferefetwa mukubiridzirwa kwe $ 150 bhiriyoni mumari yemafuta yeIraq nevakuru vehurumende dzakapfuura, avo vaimbove vatapwa vekuWestern-vakaita saiye. Uye ari kufamba mutsetse wakanaka kuyedza kuponesa nyika yake, mushure mezvose zvave zvichipfuura, kubva pakuva mutsetse wepamberi muhondo nyowani yeUS kuIran.

Achangoburwa eUS airstrikes akanangana nemauto eIraq ekuchengetedza Mauto Akakurumbira Ekukurudzira (PMF), iyo yakaumbwa muna 2014 kuti irwisane neIslamic State (IS), chitendero chakamonyaniswa chakakonzerwa nesarudzo yeUS, makore gumi chete mushure me9/11, kusunungura uye ruoko Al Qaeda mune yekumadokero proxy kurwa neSyria.

Ma PMFs zvino angangoita nezve zviuru zana nemakumi matatu zvemasoja mumakumi mana kana anopfuura akasiyana mayuniti. Vazhinji vakatorwa nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika anotsigira-Iranian Iraqi, asi iwo chikamu chakakosha chemauto eIraq uye vanozivikanwa nekutamba chinzvimbo chakakosha muhondo yekurwisa IS.

VeMadokero venhau vanomiririra ma PMFs semasoja ayo Iran inokwanisa kuvhura nekudzimisa sechombo kurwisa United States, asi zvikamu izvi zvine zvido zvavo nehurongwa hwekuita sarudzo. Kana Iran yaedza kudzikamisa kusagadzikana neUnited States, yanga isingakwanise kudzora ma PMF. General Haider al-Afghani, Iranian Revolutionary Guard mukuru anoona nezvekufambidzana ne PMF, nguva pfupi yadarika akakumbira kuchinjirwa kunze kweIraq, vachinyunyuta kuti ma PMF havana hanya naye.

Kubvira kuurayiwa kweUS kwaGeneral Soleimani weIran nemukuru wePMF Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis muna Ndira 2020, ma PMF akatsunga kumanikidza mauto ekupedzisira eUS abuda muIraq. Mushure mekuurayiwa, iyo Iraqi National Assembly yakapa chisungo chakadaidzira mauto eUS kuti ibva muIraq. Ichitevera US airstrikes inopesana nemaPF mayuniti munaKukadzi, Iraq neUnited States vakabvumirana kutanga kwaKubvumbi kuti mauto eU.S. ibva munguva pfupi.

Asi hapana zuva rakatarwa, hapana chibvumirano chakadzama chakasainwa, maIraq mazhinji havatendi kuti mauto eUS achasiya, kana kuvimba nehurumende yeKadhimi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenda kwavo. Sezvo nguva yaenda pasina chibvumirano chepamutemo, mamwe mauto ePMF akaramba kurwira kudzikama kubva kuhurumende yavo neIran, ndokuwedzera kurwisa kwemauto eUS.

Panguva imwecheteyo, hurukuro dzeVienna pamusoro pechibvumirano chenyukireya cheJCPOA dzakasimudza kutya pakati pevatungamiriri ve PMF kuti Iran ingavabayira sechinhu chekutaurirana muchibvumirano chenyukireya chakadzokororwa neUnited States.

Nekudaro, mukufarira kupona, vatungamiriri ve PMF vava kuwanda independent yeIran, uye ndakarima hukama hwepedyo neMutungamiriri weKadhimi. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mukuuya kwaKadhimi pane hombe kuratidzira kwemauto muna Chikumi 2021 kupemberera gore rechinomwe rekuvambwa kwe PMF.

Zuva rakatevera chairo, US yakabhomba mauto ePMF muIraq neSyria, ichipa mutongo kuruzhinji kubva kuna Kadhimi nedare rake remakurukota sekutyora hutongi hweIraq. Mushure mekuitisa matsotsi, PMF yakazivisa kumiswa patsva kwaJune 29, sezviri pachena kupa Kadhimi imwe nguva yekupedzisa chibvumirano chekubvisa. Asi mazuva matanhatu gare gare, mamwe acho akatangazve kurwisa roketi uye drone pane zvinangwa zveUS.

Ipo VaTrump vakatsiva chete pakarwiswa roketi muIraq kuuraya maAmerican, mukuru weUS akaburitsa pachena kuti Biden ane akadzikisa bhawa, vachityisidzira kupindura nendege kunyangwe varwi vemauto eIraq vasingakonzere vanhu vekuAmerica.

Asi kurwisa kwemhepo kuUS kwakangotungamira mukukakavadzana nekuwedzera kukura kwemauto eIraq. Kana mauto eUS apindura nenjere dzakanyanya kana dzinorema, PMF nevakabatana veIran mudunhu rese vanogona kupindura nekurwiswa kwakapararira pamabheseni eUS. Izvo zvinowedzera izvi zvichikwira uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kutaurirana chibvumirano chechokwadi chekubvisa, Kadhimi inowedzera kumanikidzwa kubva ku PMF, uye nemamwe mapato enharaunda yeIraq, kuratidza mauto eUS musuwo.

Pfungwa yepamutemo yekuvapo kweUS, pamwe neyemauto eNATO ekudzidzisa muIraq Kurdistan, ndeyekuti Islamic State ichiri kushanda. Bhomba rekuzviuraya rakauraya vanhu makumi matatu nevaviri muBaghdad munaNdira, uye IS ichine chikumbiro chakasimba kune vechidiki vakadzvinyirirwa mudunhu rese nepasirese nyika. Kukundikana, huwori uye kudzvanyirira kweanoteedzana post-32 hurumende muIraq zvakapa ivhu rakaorera.

Asi iyo United States zviri pachena ine chimwe chikonzero chekuchengeta mauto muIraq, semberi nzvimbo muhondo yayo inokatyamadza kuIran. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo Kadhimi ari kuyedza kudzivirira nekutsiva mauto eUS neNATO inotungamirwa neDanish kudzidziswa basa muIraq Kurdistan. Iyi mishoni iri kuwedzerwa kubva pamazana mashanu kusvika kumakumi mana emauto, anoumbwa nemaDanish, maBritish nemaTurkey mauto.

Dai Biden akakurumidza akajoinha zvakare JCPOA chibvumirano chenyukireya neIran pakutora chigaro, makakatanwa angave akaderera pari zvino, uye mauto eUS muIraq anogona kunge atove pamba kare. Pane kudaro, Biden asingazive akamedza piritsi rehupfu remutemo waTrump weIran nekushandisa "yakanyanya kumanikidza" senzira ye "kuwedzera", ichiwedzera mutambo usingaperi wehuku iyo United States haigone kukunda-zano iro Obama akatanga kudzikisira makore matanhatu apfuura ne kusaina iyo JCPOA.

Kubviswa kweUS kubva kuIraq neJCPOA kwakabatana, zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvegwara rekuvandudza hukama hweUS-Irani uye kupedzisa kupokana kweUS nehutongi hwevapindiri muMiddle East. Chinhu chechitatu chedunhu rakadzikama uye rine runyararo kudyidzana pakati peIran neSaudi Arabia, mune iyo Kadhimi's Iraq iri kutamba basa rakakomba semurevereri mukuru.

Mugumo wechibvumirano chenyukireya cheIran hachina chokwadi. Kutenderera kwechitanhatu kwema shuttle diplomacy muVienna kwakapera musi wa20 Chikumi, uye hapana zuva rakatarwa kutenderera kwechinomwe. Kuzvipira kweMutungamiri Biden mukudzokerazve pachibvumirano ichi kunoratidzika kunge kwakapusa kupfuura nakare kose, uye Mutungamiri-akasarudzwa Raisi weIran azivisa kuti haazoregi maAmerican arambe achiburitsa nhaurirano.

In kubvunzurudzwa musi wa25 Chikumi, Secretary of State weUnited States Blinken akasimudza ante nekutyisidzira kubuda muhurukuro zvachose. Akataura kuti kana Iran ikaramba ichitenderedza macentrifuge akaomesesa padanho repamusoro uye rakakwira, zvichave zvakaoma kuti United States idzokere pachibvumirano chekutanga. Achibvunzwa kana United States inogona kubva mukutaurirana, akati, "Ini handigone kuisa zuva pazviri, (asi) iri kuswedera pedyo."

Chii chinofanirwa kunge chiri "kuswedera padyo" ndiko kubviswa kweUS kwemauto kubva kuIraq. Ipo Afghanistan ichiratidzwa se "hondo refu kwazvo" yakarwa neUnited States, mauto eU.S. anga achibhomba Iraq ku 26 yemakore makumi matatu apfuura. Ichokwadi chekuti mauto eUS achiri kuenderera mberi achizvidzivirira "airstrikes" makore gumi nemasere mushure mekurwiswa kwa18 uye makore angangoita gumi kubva pakapera zviri pamutemo zvehondo, zvinongoratidza kuti kupindira kwemauto eUS uku hakuna zvakunobatsira.

Biden zvirokwazvo anoita kunge akadzidza chidzidzo muAfghanistan kuti iyo US haigone kubhomba nzira yayo yerunyararo kana kuisa hurumende dzeUnited States madiro. Pakapuratirwa moyo nepepanhau nezve maTaliban achiwana masimba sezvo mauto eUS abva, Biden akapindura,

"Kune avo vakataura kuti tinofanirwa kugara kwemimwe mwedzi mitanhatu chete kana rimwe chete gore, ndinovakumbira kuti vafunge zvidzidzo zvenguva ichangopfuura ... Makore anoda kusvika makumi maviri ezviitiko akatiratidza, uye mamiriro ezvinhu ezvekuchengetedza aripo anongosimbisa, kuti ' rinongova rimwe gore 'rekurwa muAfghanistan haisi mhinduro asi nzira yekuve uriko nekusingaperi. "Kodzero uye mutoro wevanhu veAfghan vega kusarudza ramangwana ravo uye nemabatiro avari kuda kuita nyika yavo."

Dzidzo imwecheteyo yenhoroondo inoshanda kuIraq. IUS yakatopa kare kufa kwakawanda nekusuwa pavanhu veIraq, kwakaparadza vakawanda vayo maguta akanaka, uye yakaburitsa mhirizhonga yakawanda yemapoka uye IS fanaticism. Kungofanana nekuvharwa kwenzvimbo hombe yeBagram muAfghanistan, Biden anofanirwa kubvisa zvigaro zveumambo zvasara muIraq uye kuunza mauto kumba.

Vanhu veIraq vane kodzero imwechete yekuzvisarudzira ramangwana ravo sevanhu veAfghanistan, uye nyika dzese dzeMiddle East dzine kodzero nebasa rekugara murunyararo, pasina kutyisidzirwa nemabhomba eAmerica nezvombo zvinokandwa nguva dzose pamusoro pavo vana vavo misoro.

Ngatitarisirei kuti Biden akadzidza chimwe chidzidzo chenhoroondo: kuti United States inofanira kumira kupinda nekurwisa dzimwe nyika.

Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.