New York Director weNuclear Age Peace Foundation anotenda kuti United States haisati yave yakagadzirira kubvuma kushandisa kwayo "unzenza" kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya munguva yeHondo Yenyika II muJapan, uye hairemekedzi vimbiso yayo yekuita zvakanaka kuedza kwenyukireya. kubvisa zvombo.
"Zviripachena kuti US haisi kukudza vimbiso yayo mu1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty yekuita nhamburiko dzekutenda pakubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya," akadaro Alice Slater muhurukuro neFars News Agency. "Uye neUS inogara iri yekutanga kuratidza muenzaniso wakashata, dzimwe zvombo zvenyukireya nyika dzinokurumidza kutevera kutungamira kweUS sezvo vese vachiramba vachivandudza nekuvandudza zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya."
Alice Slater inhengo yeGlobal Council of Abolition 2000, anoshanda muInternational Coordinating Committee uye anotungamira Sustainable Energy Working Group. Iye inhengo yeNYC Bar Association uye anoshanda muMatare Anoronga e World Beyond War uye NY Campaign ye100% Green Energy panosvika 2030.
Ms. Slater vakanyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye maop-eds pamusoro pemitemo yenyukireya yeUS uye nekukasira kwekubvisa zvombo pasi rose uye Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone.
"Sezvo South Africa yakakakavadzana zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura yakakundikana NPT Ongororo, isu tiri kurarama munyika isingagamuchirwe nyukireya rusaruraganda sezviri pachena mune yazvino "chengetedzo" system yezvombo zvenyukireya nevasina - hurongwa hunobata nyika yese kuchengetedzo. dzidziso yevashoma. Yasvika nguva yekuti nyika dzine ruramisiro uye dzakanaka dzitungamire nekurambidza bhomba,” vakadaro.
FNA yakataura naAlice Slater pachiitiko chekubhomba kwenyukireya kweHiroshima neNagasaki uye vakakurukura naye nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvipingamupinyi mukugadzwa kwenzvimbo isina nyukireya muMiddle East, kutyorwa kwemitemo yeNPT ne9 yenyika. zvombo zvenyukireya inoti uye kutadza kweiyo ichangoburwa 2015 NPT Ongororo Musangano muNew York.
Mubvunzo: Kubhomba kweatomu kweHiroshima neNagasaki yaive njodzi yakaratidza matanho ekupedzisira eHondo Yenyika II. IUnited States haina kuunzwa pamusoro pekurwiswa kwakakonzera kuuraya kukuru uye kuisa hutongi hunotyisa mukushandiswa kwezvombo zvisina kujairika muhondo. Zvinogoneka here kuti chero imwe nyika pasi rose ingashandisa zvombo zvenyukireya munguva yehondo ikapukunyuka?
A: Kune 16,000 zvombo zvenyukireya pasi pano, kunyangwe makore makumi manomwe apfuura kubva US yakadonhedza mabhomba enyukireya maviri chete akamboshandiswa muhondo paHiroshima neNagasaki, achiuraya vanhu vanopfuura 70 pakupera kwa220,000, nemakumi ezviuru ezviuru. yevakawanda vanofa nechepfu yemwaranzi, uye migumisiro yayo inouraya pashure pemakore. Nhasi, nyika pfumbamwe dzine zvombo zvenyukireya - US, Russia, UK, China, France, India, Pakistan, Israel, North Korea, kunyange zvazvo 1945 yemabhomba enyukireya aripo ari muUnited States neRussia. Mutungamiri Obama aifanira kubhadhara mutengo wakakura kuti vawane chibvumirano che START chine huwori kuburikidza neCongress ine huwori yakatengwa nekubhadharwa nemauto-maindasitiri complex. Akavimbisa izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuva madhora bhiriyoni mukati memakore anotevera e15,000 kune mafekitori maviri matsva ebhomba, hurongwa hutsva hwekutakura, uye zvombo zvenyukireya, imwe yacho, dummy nuclear bunker buster warhead, yakaedzwa muNevada muna Nyamavhuvhu semakumi ezviuru. vanhu vakanga vachiita mhemberero pasi rose nokuda kwenjodzi mbiri dzokubhomba kwenyukireya muna 30 muJapan.
Mubvunzo: Saka, sezvamunoziva, pasi pechibvumirano cheNew START chakasainwa musi wa8 Kubvumbi, 2010, United States neRussia dzakazvipira kuderedza nhamba yezvombo zvezvombo zvenyukireya nehafu kusvika muna Kukadzi 2021. Ita kuti mapato maviri aya afambire mberi kuzadzisa zvisungo pasi peichi chibvumirano chekugadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya? Zvanga zviri pamishumo yekuti United States inoronga kushandisa mari inosvika madhora miriyoni imwe mumakore makumi matatu anotevera pakuvandudza uye nekuwedzera kwezvombo zvayo zvenyukireya. Sarudzo iyi inoenderana here nezvisungo zvayo zvekusaparadzira?
A: Zviripachena kuti US haisi kukudza vimbiso yayo mu1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty kuti iite zvakanaka kuedza kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Uye neUS inogara iri yekutanga kuisa muenzaniso wakashata, dzimwe zvombo zvenyukireya nyika dzinokurumidza kutevera kutungamira kweUS sezvo vese vachiramba vachivandudza nekuvandudza zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya. Chokwadi, pashure pokubhomba kweatomu muJapan pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, Mutungamiriri weRussia, Joseph Stalin, akakumbira Mutungamiriri weUnited States [Harry] Truman kuti ape bhomba racho kuUN kuti itarisire pasi rose. Mushure mekunge US yaramba chikumbiro ichi, Russia yakazotora bhomba rayo sezvakaita dzimwe nyika nhatu, UK, France neChina, zvinova zvakakonzera nhaurirano yeNPT. India, Pakistan neIsrael chete vakaramba kusaina NPT uye vakaenderera mberi nekugadzira zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya.
The Faustian bargain muNPT, umo nyika dzese dzakavimbisa kusawana zvombo zvenyukireya, kusanganisira Iran, dzakapihwa kiyi dzemafekitari adzo mabhomba muchimiro chesimba renyukireya rine runyararo, ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuwanda kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Chokwadi, North Korea yakashandisa simba rayo renyukireya "rine runyararo" kugadzira mabhomba enyukireya payakasiya NPT. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita seJapan dzine matani akawanda e<em>plutonium yakapfumiswa zvikuru, uye nguva nenguva vamwe vakuru vemauto eJapan vanonzwika vachizhambatata kuti yava nguva yokuti Japan iwane bhomba. Kunyange paine nyika dze31 chete dzine simba renyukireya "rerunyararo", chibvumirano chitsva cheIran chinogona kunge chiri kukurudzira kwekuedza muSaudi Arabia, United Arab Emirate, Jordan, Turkey neEgypt kuwana simba renyukireya nekuvaka kwatotanga. muUAE. Kana isu tichiziva kuti tinokwanisa kugonesa nyika yese nesimba rakachena, rakawanda kubva kuzuva, mhepo, mvura, uye kupisa kwenyika kutanga kwa2030 kana tikaita nhamburiko yepasi rose yekubvisa nyukliya, fossil uye maindasitiri biomass mafuta uye dzivisa njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze, izvi hazvina musoro zvachose, kunze kwekunge ivowo vachida mabhomba avo mukamuri yepasi. Uyu ndiwo mubairo wakananga wekutenda kwakashata kwakaratidzwa neUS nemamwe masimba enyukireya mukutadza kutaurirana kuti paitwe chibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya sezvavakavimbisa muNPT.
Mubvunzo: Mupimo unogamuchirwa kuti vanhu vanofanira kuita zvavanoparidza. The Federation of American Scientists yakashuma mune yayo Status of World Nuclear Forces 2015 kuti United States ine nhamba ye7,200 zvombo zvenyukireya, kusanganisira 1,900 yakaiswa hurongwa hwehondo. Neine murwi wakakura kudaro wezvombo zveatomu, United States iri munzvimbo yakakodzera here kutsigira kusapararira kwenyukireya? Hurumende yeUS inofanira kutanga riini nekuputsa zvombo zvayo zvenyukireya?
A: Kunyange zvichiita sekuti US neRussia nenhumbi dzavo huru dzezvombo dzinofanirwa kutungamira mukubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya, kuitira kuti nyika nomwe dzasara dzibvumirane, mikana yakawanda yekuita izvi yakakanganiswa neUS mumakore apfuura kubva Truman. akaramba nhamburiko yokutanga yaStalin yokudzora kupararira kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Munguva yenhaurirano dzeReagan-Gorbachev mushure mekunge rusvingo rwawa, Gorbachev naReagan vakanga voda kusvika pachibvumirano chekubvisa zvachose zvombo zvavo zvenyukireya, asi Reagan haana kurega zvirongwa zvake zvekutonga kweUS kwehondo yemuchadenga nehurongwa hwake hwe “Star Wars”. Putin akapa Clinton chibvumirano chekudzikisa nhumbi dzavo dzenyukireya dzakakura kusvika kuhondo dzehondo imwe neimwe vozodaidza nyika dzese dzezvombo zvenyukireya patafura kuti vataurirane chibvumirano chekubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya, chero Clinton akamisa hurongwa hwekuisa mabhesi ezvombo zvekumabvazuva kweEurope. Clinton akaramba kufuratira zvombo zveUS kuEastern Europe, uye Bush akabuda munhaurirano dzeAnti-Ballistic Missile dza1,000 neUSSR ndokuzoteya zvombo muPoland, Romania, neTurkey.
Kuwedzerwa kweNATO, mushure mekunge zvipikirwa zvaitwa kuna Gorbachev apo rusvingo rwakadonha uye yose yeEastern Europe yakasunungurwa, kuti NATO yaisazowedzera kumabvazuva kunze kweGermany yakabatana, iri kuwedzerawo hukama pakati peUS neRussia, kusanganisira zviito zvinotsamwisa. nenyika dzeNATO muUkraine, nokudaro zvichiita kuti zviome kuona nhaurirano dzezvombo zvenyukireya munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kupfuurirazve, iyo US yakaramba chibvumirano cheChinese-Russian dhizaini yekurambidza zvombo muchadenga, chakaendeswa kuKomiti yeUN pamusoro pezvombo muna 2008 uye zvakare muna 2014 apo US yakavhara kubvumirana kutombokurukura chibvumirano. Yakarambawo kukurukura chirevo cheboka renyika dzinosanganisira China neRussia chekupa bumbiro remitemo rekurambidza cyber warfare.
Mubvunzo: Mune chimwe chezvidimbu zvenyu, makataura nezvekukundikana kweNPT Yekuongorora Musangano weNPT muNew York kutanga kwaChivabvu, uyo wakaputsika sezvo United States, Britain neCanada zvakaramba kutambira chikumbiro cheEgypt cheMiddle East isina nyukliya uye. sangano remusangano weMiddle East Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone. Sei masimba makuru achipikisa kugadzwa kwenzvimbo isina nyukireya muMiddle East? Vakatambura kweanopfuura makore gumi nemaviri kusaina chibvumirano chenyukireya chekusapararira neIran. Zvino, sei vasingade kuwedzera chiitiko ichi kune dzimwe nyika mudunhu, uye avo vavanoziva vane mabhomba eatomu?
A: IUS haina kumbobvira yada kubvuma kushandiswa kwayo kweunzenza kwezvombo zvenyukireya kuJapan. Muna 1995, museum inotungamira yeUS yenhoroondo muWashington DC, Smithsonian, yakaronga chiitiko chenhoroondo yesarudzo yekudonhedza bhomba, netsamba netsamba kubva kuvakuru veUS nedzimwe nyanzvi vachiraira Truman kuti asashandise bhomba, uku Churchill aikurudzira. kuti aenderere mberi kuitira kuti vasazopatsanura Asia naStalin uyo, mushure mekukunda maNazi pamutengo wemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemanomwe ehupenyu hweRussia, akange zvino akagadzirira kubatana nemubatanidzwa muPacific. US Congress yakadzinga munyori wenhoroondo kuSmithsonian pane kutendera iyo US kuona nhoroondo yayo yechokwadi.
Sechikamu chezvipikirwa zvakaitwa panguva yenhaurirano dzakasimba dzekuwedzera 1970 NPT, iyo yaifanira kupera muna 1995, mapato echibvumirano akavimbisa kuita musangano wezvombo zveMass Destruction Free Zone kuMiddle East. Havana kukwanisa kuzadzisa vimbiso yavo, sezvo Israeri inoramba kutora chikamu. Iri rimwe dambudziko kuhurumende yeNPT. Pane zvakadaro nhau dzakanaka uye kufamba munzira yakanaka. Mukati memakore maviri apfuura, kwave nenhevedzano yemisangano pamusoro penjodzi yakaipisisa yemigumisiro yehondo yenyukireya, mukubatana nemasangano akazvimirira nehurumende muNorway, Mexico neAustria. Pamusangano wekupedzisira muna Zvita, 2014, hurumende yeAustria yakapa chitsidzo chekunyoresa nyika muchirongwa "yekuona uye kutevera matanho anoshanda ekuzadza gaka remutemo rekurambidza uye kubviswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya." Pari zvino kune nyika zana negumi nenhatu dzakasaina chisungo ichi, kusanganisira Iran, zvichiratidza kuda kwavo kuita chiseko chenyika uye kupa zvombo izvi zvisiri pamutemo sezvakangoitwa nenyika kuzvombo zvoutachiona nemakemikari. Danho rinotevera nderekudaidza musangano wenyika idzi pamwe nemasangano akazvimirira kuti vatange hurongwa hwekurambidza bhomba. Kunyange zvisingatarisirwe kuti nyika dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzichapinda mumusangano uyu, zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakanaka kune nyukireya "weasel" nyika dzinotaura nehunyengeri kutsigira kwavo zvombo zvenyukireya dzichivanda pasi peamburera yenyukireya yeUS muNATO nyika, shanu dzacho. chaizvoizvo vane zvombo zvenyukireya zveUnited States munharaunda yavo [kureva] Belgium, Netherlands, Turkey, Germany, Italy, uye muJapan, South Korea neAustralia muPacific. Nechibvumirano chekurambidza pasi penhaurirano, zvinotarisirwa kuti vachapindura kumanikidziro kubva kumasangano evanhu kuti vasiye mibatanidzwa yavo yenyukireya uye vaende kuita kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvive zvisiri pamutemo, kuvhara mukaha mukuru muNPT.
Mubvunzo: Masimba makuru enyika, kusanganisira United States, anopembedza kuva nezvombo zvenyukireya nechikonzero chokudzivisa, achiti anoda zvombo zvakadaro kuitira kuti adzivirire uchangamire hwawo nezvido zvenyika uye kudzivirira kurwisa kwehondo muvhu rawo nevapambi. Ichokwadi here kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvinogona kuunza chengeteko nekuvimbika? Kana zvakadaro, nyika yose yenyika inodikanwa kuunganidza zvombo zvenyukireya kuti dzirambe dzakachengeteka here?
A: Zviri pachena kuti ngano yekudzivirira kwenyukireya iri kuparara. Mhedziso ine musoro yekudzivisa ndeyekuti kana ikanyatsoshanda, nyika yega yega inofanirwa kunge iine chinodzivirira nyukireya. Nyika haitomboziva nezvenhare dzakawanda dzatakapukunyuka semugumisiro wekusangwarira kubata netsaona kweizvi zviridzwa zvokuparadza kunotyisa. Kunyangwe Papa Francis vachangobva kushandura mutemo weKatorike, vachichinja yaimbove mutemo wechechi isingashore kushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya kudzivirira, kusvika zvino vachiti hazvisi pamutemo mune zvese uye zvinofanirwa kurambidzwa uye kurambidzwa. Zvakanaka kuti Gurukota rezvekunze reIran Zarif ashandisa nhaurirano dzakabudirira kusimudza zvirango uye kuve nekuongorora kwakasimba kwesimba renyukireya reIran semukana wekudaidza nyika dzezvombo zvenyukireya kuti dzisiye zvombo zvenyukireya uye kufambira mberi. kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya kubva mubvudzi chenjedzo uye kukurudzira zvakare musangano weWMDFZ kuMiddle East. Inguva yechokwadi yokuti nyika dzisiri dzezvombo zvenyukireya dzitungamire. Sezvo South Africa yakakakavadzana zvine mutsindo munguva pfupi yapfuura yakakundikana NPT Ongororo, tiri kurarama mumamiriro ekusagashira nyukireya apartheid inoonekwa mune yazvino "chengetedzo" system yezvombo zvenyukireya nevasina - hurongwa hunobata nyika yese kudzidziso yekuchengetedza. yevashoma. Yave nguva yekuti nyika dzakarurama uye dzakanaka dzitungamire nekurambidza bhomba. Nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kuuya, hurombo huri kuramba huchikura, uye kupera kwezviwanikwa zvepasi rose, hatingakwanisi kutambisa hupfumi hwedu hunokosha hwepfungwa uye nemari pazvombo zvisingazomboshandiswi zvakare nekuda kwesimba razvo rinoparadza uye risingaenzaniswi.
Mubvunzo: Ngatibateiwo nyaya irikukurukurwa nezvayo mazuvano mumapepanhau epasi rose. Nyanzvi zhinji dzenyukireya nemasayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika vakarumbidza chibvumirano chenyukireya chichangobva kuitika pakati peIran nemasimba enyika matanhatu ibudiriro huru yezvekudyidzana uye kubudirira munhoroondo yekusapararira kwenyukireya. Ndeapi maonero ako pamusoro pechibvumirano chenyukireya? Kunyangwe zvagara zviri pachena kuti chirongwa chenyukireya cheIran chaive chevanhu uye chine runyararo, chibvumirano ichi chinogona kushanda sehwaro hwezvibvumirano zvekusapararira pasirese?
A: Nhaurirano dzichangoburwa dzakaitwa neP5+1 neIran umo Iran yakaita vimbiso dzinoshamisa dzekuvhura zvivakwa zvayo zvenyukireya zvine runyararo kuti zviongororwe uye zvisati zvamboitika pasi rose ongororo nekuongorora kuitira kuti zvirango zvipere zvakakanganisa kusimukira kwehupfumi hwenyika uye zvakanaka. -Kuve nekufamba kwemakore, kwakagadzira kuputika munzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika, iko zvino kuputika nemikana mikuru yezvombo zvenyukireya pamwe nekupesana kwayo: kubuda kwekuwedzera kupararira kwenyukireya.
Muno muguta reNew York, vanhu vanodarika mazana matanhatu vakafora svondo rapfuura vachiratidzira kunze kwehofisi yaSeneta Schumer muNew York nekuzivisa kwemazuva maviri, apo Schumer, nhengo yebato raPresident Obama uye aifanirwa kuve mutungamiri webato reDemocratic Party mudare reSenate apo mutungamiri aripo, Harry Reid anosiya basa gore rinouya, akazivisa kuti aizopikisa chibvumirano chakaitwa neIran. Nepo ruzhinji rwesarudzo dzeruzhinji rwuri kuratidza kuti vanhu vekuAmerica vanotsigira chibvumirano chakaitwa neIran, uye bato richangomutswa rerunyararo, kusanganisira J-Street neJewish Voices for Peace riri kuronga kuti ritsigire, nhandare ine simba yevaKristu vebapiro rekurudyi vane chitendero chavo. Zviporofita zvinoda kuti vanhu vechiJudha vadzoke uye vatore Israeri yese kusati kwauya kuuya kwechipiri kwaMesia wavo, pamwe chete nebapiro rekurudyi rekuUS revatsigiri veNetanyahu, vari kushandisa makumi emamiriyoni emadhora mukushambadzira kwemutengo wepamusoro uye mipiro yemushandirapamwe. nhengo dzakaora dzeCongress kuti dziuraye chibvumirano chakaitwa. Panguva ino, zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti Mutungamiri Obama vachave nerutsigiro rwakakwana muCongress kuti vatsigire veto chero chakaipa chingatorwa neCongress kuramba nhaurirano dzakahwina neIran.
Hurukuro naKourosh Ziabari
