Afghanistan: 19 Makore Ehondo

NaMaya Evans, Gumiguru 12, 2020

From Voices for Creative Nonviolence

Hondo yeNATO neUS yakatsigira Afghanistan yakavhurwa 7^th Gumiguru 2001, uchingori mwedzi mushure me9 / 11, mune yainyanyo fungidzirwa ichave hondo yemheni uye ibwe rekutsika rakanangiswa kune chaicho chinotariswa, Middle East. 19 makore gare gare uye iyo US ichiri kuyedza kuzviburitsa kunze kwehondo yakarebesa munhoroondo yayo, ichitadza muzviviri zvezvinangwa zvayo zvitatu zvekutanga: kupidigura maTaliban uye kusunungura vakadzi veAfghan. Zvichida chete chinangwa chakasangana nechivimbo kwaive kuurayiwa kwaOsama Bin Laden muna2, uyo aive achihwanda muPakistan. Yese mari yehondo yave pamusoro pevanhu zviuru zana nemazana mashanu eAfghan, uye 2012 NATO neUS vakaurayiwa nemauto. Yakaverengerwa kuti iyo US yatoshandisa kusvika zvino $ 822 bhiriyoni pahondo. Kunyangwe pasina kusvika parizvino kuverenga kuri kuUK, muna2013 zvaifungidzirwa kunge zvaive £ 37 bhiriyoni.

Hurukuro dzerunyararo pakati peTaliban, Mujaheddin, Hurumende yeAfghan neUS zvanga zvichinyatso kuitika pamusoro pemakore maviri apfuura. Zvikurukuru zvichiitika muguta reDhaha, Qatar, hurukuro idzi dzaisanganisira vakuru vatungamiriri vechirume vanga vachiedza kuurayana kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura. VaTaliban vangangoita vekumusoro, sekunge mushure memakore 2 e kurwa makumi mana emarudzi akapfuma panyika, ivo vava kutonga pa kanenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu yevagari vemunyika, vanoti vane vanhu vazhinji vanozvipira kuzviuraya, uye munguva pfupi yadarika vakakwanisa kuwana chibvumirano chakakakavadzana neUS kuti isunungurwe 5,000 vasungwa veTaliban. Yese pamwe nemaTaliban anga aine chivimbo nemutambo murefu kunyangwe iyo US yekutanga 2001 vimbiso yekukunda maTaliban.

Vazhinji vanhuwo zvavo veAfghan vanopa tariro shoma yehurukuro dzerunyararo, vachipomera vatauri vacho kusavimbika. Kabul mugari wemakore makumi maviri nemasere Naima anoti: “Nhaurirano idzi dzinongova showa. VaAfghans vanoziva vanhu ivavo vakabatanidzwa muhondo kwemakumi emakore, kuti ivo vava kungoita zvibvumirano zvekupa Afghanistan kure. Zvinotaurwa neUS zviri pamutemo uye zvinoitwa zvakasiyana. "Kana vachida kurwa hondo vachadaro, vari kutonga uye havasi mubhizimusi rekuunza runyararo."

Imsha ane makore makumi maviri, anogara kuKabul, akati: “Handifunge kuti kutaurirana uku ndekwe runyararo. Isu takave navo munguva yakapfuura uye ivo havatungamire kurunyararo. Chimwe chiratidzo ndechekuti kana kutaurirana kuri kuitika vanhu vachiri kuurawa. Kana vakatsunga rugare, saka vanofanirwa kurega kuuraya. ”

Masangano evagari vechidiki uye vechidiki havana kukokwa kumatanho akasiyana ehurukuro muDhaha, uye pachiitiko chimwe chete paive ne kutumwa kwevakadzi vakakokwa kuti vaise nyaya yavo yekuchengetedza kodzero dzakawanikwa zvakaoma mumakore gumi apfuura. Kunyange rusununguko rwevakadzi yakanga iri imwe yezvikonzero zvitatu zvakapihwa neUS neNATO pakapinda nechisimba Afghanistan mu2001, haisi imwe yenyaya dzekukurukurirana dzechibvumirano cherunyararo, panzvimbo pezvo zvinonetsa zviri pamusoro peTaliban haina kuzombobata al Qaeda, yekumisa moto, uye chibvumirano pakati peTaliban neHurumende yeAfghan yekugovana masimba. Iko zvakare kune mubvunzo wekuti maTaliban aripo panhaurwa dzerunyararo muDhaha anomiririra zvikamu zvakasiyana siyana zveTaliban zvese muAfghanistan nePakistan - vazhinji veAfghan vanoona kuti havana mvumo yemapoka ese, uye ipapo, hurukuro dzinongoitika zvisiri pamutemo.

Parizvino, maTaliban abvuma kutaura neHurumende yeAfghan, chiratidzo chinovimbisa sezvo zvakamboitika kare maTaliban akaramba kutambira huchokwadi hweHurumende yeAfghan iyo, mumaziso avo, yaive yehupombwe hurumende yeUS. Zvakare, kumisa mhirizhonga ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinodiwa pachibvumirano cherunyararo, zvinosuwisa kuti hapana kumbove nekumisa kwakadaro panguva dzehurukuro nekurwiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo nezvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvichingoitika mazuva ese.

Mutungamiri VaTrump vaburitsa pachena kuti vanoda kubvisa mauto eUS kuAfghanistan, kunyangwe zvingangoita kuti US ichada kuramba ichitsika munyika nenzira dzemauto eU.S., uye kodzero dzekuchera mugodhi dziri kuvhurwa kumakambani eUS, sezvo yakakurukurwa neMutungamiri Trump naGhani munaGunyana 2017; panguva iyoyo, Trump akatsanangura US zvibvumirano semubhadharo wekutsigira Hurumende yeGhani. Afghanistan zviwanikwa zvinoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzakapfuma kwazvo dzemigodhi pasi rese. Chidzidzo chakabatanidzwa neThe Pentagon neUnited States Geological Survey muna 2011 inofungidzirwa $ 1 tiririyoni emaminera asina kuwanikwa kusanganisira goridhe, mhangura, uranium, cobalt uye zinc. Zvichida hazvina kuitika kuti mumiriri werunyararo muUS muhurukuro ndiZalmay Khalilzad, aimbove chipangamazano wekambani yeRAND, kwaakaraira nezve pombi yegasi yeAfghanistan.

Kunyangwe VaTrump vachida kudzikisa mauto zviuru gumi nezviviri eUS kusvika pasi pezviuru zvina pakupera kwegore, hazvigone kuti US ibvise munzvimbo dzayo shanu dzemauto dzichiri kuiswa munyika; mukana wekuve wakasimba mune imwe nyika iyo inokwikwidza mukwikwidzi wayo mukuru China ichave padhuze kutadza kurega. Chikamu chikuru chekutaurirana cheUS kutyisidzira kubvisa rubatsiro, pamwe nekwanisi yekudonhedza mabhomba - VaTrump vatotaridza kudisisa kupinda nekukasira, vachidonha. 'amai vemabhomba ese' pana Nangahar muna 2017, bhomba hombe risiri renyukireya rakambodonhedzwa parudzi. KunaTrump, bhomba rimwe chete hombe kana rakasimba kapeti yekubhomba ndege ichave nzira yake yekuita kana hurukuro dzikatadza kuenda nenzira yake, zano raizotsigirawo mushandirapamwe wake wepurezidhendi uri kurwirwa pamitsara ye'tsika yehondo ' , kurova rusaruro rwakasanganiswa nechena urudzi.

Kunyangwe hazvo UN ichidaidzira kuti nyika dzimise kurwa panguva yeCovid 19 kukiya, kurwa kwakaenderera muAfghanistan Chirwere ichi chinozivikanwa kuti chakabata kusvika pari zvino makumi matatu nepfumbamwe nemakumi matatu nepfumbamwe uye vakaurayiwa 1,472 vanhu kubvira yekutanga kesi yakasimbiswa pane iyo 27^th Kukadzi. Makumi makumi mana emakakatanwa akakanganisa kushanda kusingashande kwehutano, zvichisiya akura ari panjodzi huru yechirwere. Mushure mekunge hutachiona hwatanga kubuda muAfghanistan, vaTaliban vakaburitsa chirevo vachiti vanoona chirwere ichi sekuranga kwaMwari pakukanganisa kwevanhu uye kuyedza kwaMwari kwekushivirira kwevanhu.

Iine mamirioni mana vanhu vakapoterwa mukati, Covid 4 pasina mubvunzo ichave nekukanganisa kwakanyanya kune vapoteri kunyanya. Mamiriro ekugara akasimba mukati memisasa anoita kuti zvisave nyore kuti vanhu vakapotera mukati vazvidzivirire, nekusagadzikana kwenzvimbo mune imwechete kamuri matope imba, kazhinji imba kune vanhu vasere, uye kugeza maoko chinetso chakakura. Kunwa mvura uye chikafu zviri kushomeka.

Sekureva kweUNHCR kune mamirioni maviri nemazana maviri evapoteri vakanyoreswa kubva kuAfghanistan pasirese, zvichivaita vechipiri pakukura kwevanhu vakapotera munyika, asi mutemo wepamutemo wenyika zhinji dzeEU (Britain inosanganisirwa) kumanikidza kudzinga vaAfghan kudzokera kuKabul, mu ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuti Afghanistan yakaverengerwa "nyika ine runyararo pasi rose". Mumakore achangopfuura kudzingwa nechisimba kubva kuEU nyika zvakapetwa katatu pasi pe “Joint Way Mberi” mutemo. Sekureva kwemagwaro akaburitswa, EU yainyatsoziva nezve njodzi kune vanotsvaga Asylum yeAfghan. Muna 2018 UNAMA yakanyora iyo akakwirira akambonyorwa kufa kwevanhu iyo yaisanganisira zviuru gumi nezviuru zvakaurayiwa, vanhu 11,000 vakafa uye 3,804 kukuvara. Hurumende yeAfghan yakabvumirana neEU kuti igamuchire vadzingwe kunze kwekutya kuti kushayikwa kwekushandira pamwe kunotungamira mukubatsirwa kuderedzwa.

Iyi vhiki yevhiki chikamu chekuita kwenyika kuratidza kubatana nevapoteri nevatorwa vari kutarisana ne nharaunda ine hukasha yehutongi hweBritish uye kurapwa. Inouya mukati memazuva edu Munyori Wemukati Preti Patel zvataikurudzira kuti tirase vapoteri nevasina magwaro vanoedza kuyambuka mugero paAscension Island, kuti vasunge vanhu pamaferi asisashandiswi, kuvaka "fenzi dzegungwa" kuyambuka mugero, uye kuendesa makanoni emvura kuita mafungu mahombe ekutsvaira zvikepe zvavo. Britain yakazvipira nemoyo wese kuhondo yeAfghanistan mu2001, uye ikozvino inonzvenga mabasa ayo epasirese kuchengetedza vanhu vanotiza neupenyu hwavo. Britain inofanira panzvimbo pezvo kubvuma kukanganisa kwemamiriro ekumanikidza vanhu kutiza misha uye kubhadhara muripo wekutambura kwakakonzerwa nehondo.

Maya Evans anobatanidza maVoices eCreative Nonviolence, UK.