NaMedea Benjamin naNicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK Rugare, August 30, 2021
Vanhu veAmerica vakakatyamadzwa nemavhidhiyo ezviuru zvevaAfghan vanoisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi kutiza kudzoka kweTaliban musimba munyika yavo - uyezve neIslamic State kuzviuraya bhomba uye zvichizotevera kuuraya nemauto eUS izvo pamwechete akaurayiwa vanhu vanosvika zana nemakumi manomwe, kusanganisira gumi nematanhatu emauto eUS.
Kunyangwe UN masangano yambira nezvedambudziko riri kuuya revanhu muAfghanistan, iyo US Treasure chando dzinenge dzese mabhanga eAfghan Central Bank anosvika madhora anosvika mabhiriyoni 9.4 emadhora ekunze, zvichitorera hurumende itsva mari iyo yaizonyatsoda mumwedzi inotevera yekupa vanhu vayo nekupa mabasa ekutanga.
Pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuBiden management, iyo International Monetary Fund akasarudza kwete kuburitsa madhora mazana mana nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emari akange akatarisirwa kuendeswa kuAfghanistan kuti ibatsire nyika kukunda denda recoronavirus.
IUS nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero dzamisawo rubatsiro kune Afghanistan. Mushure mekutungamira musangano weG7 kuAfghanistan muna Nyamavhuvhu 24, Gurukota reUK UK Boris Johnson akadaro kubvisa rubatsiro uye kuzivikanwa kwakavapa "mukana wakanyanya - hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika" pamusoro peTaliban.
Vezvematongerwo enyika vekuMadokero vanoviga mukana uyu maererano nekodzero dzevanhu, asi zviri pachena kuti vari kuyedza kuona kuti vabatsiri vavo veAfghan vanochengeta rimwe simba muhurumende nyowani, uye kuti simba rekuMadokero nezvido muAfghanistan hazviperi nekudzoka kweTaliban. Ichi chiyero chiri kuitwa mumadhora, mapaundi, uye maeuro, asi ichabhadharwa muhupenyu hweAfghan.
Kuverenga kana kuteerera kuvanoongorora vekuMadokero, mumwe angafunga kuti United States nevatsigiri vayo 'makore-makumi maviri ehondo raive basa rakanaka uye rinobatsira kuvandudza nyika, kusunungura vakadzi veAfghan nekupa hutano, dzidzo nemabasa akanaka, uye kuti izvi zvese izvozvi zvakabviswa nekutorwa kuTaliban.
Ichokwadi chakatosiyana, uye hachina kuoma kunzwisisa. United States yakashandisa $ 2.26 tiririyoni pahondo yayo muAfghanistan. Kushandisa rudzi irworwo rwemari mune chero nyika kunofanira kunge kwakasimudza vanhu vazhinji kubva muhurombo. Asi huwandu hwakawanda hwemari idzodzo, ingangoita $ 1.5 tiririyoni, yakaenda zvisina musoro, stratospheric yemauto kushandisa kuchengetedza mauto eUS, kudonha pamusoro pe80,000 mabhomba uye zvombo zveAfghans, kubhadhara makambani akazvimirira, uye mauto ekufambisa, zvombo nemidziyo yemauto kumashure nekudzoka kutenderera pasirese kwemakore makumi maviri.
Kubva United States payakarwa hondo iyi nemari yekukwereta, zvakadhurawo hafu yetriliyoni yemadhora mukubhadhara mubereko chete, izvo zvicharamba zvichienderera mberi mune ramangwana. Mari yekurapa nekuremara kwemauto eUS akakuvadzwa muAfghanistan atove madhora anodarika zana nemakumi masere nemashanu emamiriyoni emadhora, uye vacharamba vachikwira sekukura kwemasoja. Mari yekurapa nekuremara kwehondo dzeUS muIraq neAfghanistan dzinogona kupedzisira dzave pamusoro pemadhora ane trillion.
Saka zvakadii nezve "kuvakazve Afghanistan"? Congress yakatemerwa $ 144 bhiriyoni yekuvakazve muAfghanistan kubvira 2001, asi $ 88 bhiriyoni yeiyo yakashandiswa kutsvaga, ruoko, kudzidzisa uye kubhadhara maAfghan "mauto ekuchengetedza" izvo zvino zvaparara, nemasoja achidzokera kumisha yavo kana kujoina maTaliban. Imwe $ 15.5 bhiriyoni yakashandiswa pakati pe2008 na2017 yakanyorwa se "marara, kubiridzira uye kushungurudzwa" neUS Special Inspector General yeAfghanistan Kuvakazve.
Zvimedu zvakasara, zvisingasviki 2% yemari yeUS yakashandiswa kuAfghanistan, inosvika madhora makumi mana emamiriyoni, izvo zvaifanira kunge zvakapa rubatsiro kuvanhu veAfghan mukusimudzira hupfumi, hutano, dzidzo, zvivakwa uye rubatsiro rwevanhu.
Asi, sekuIraq, hurumende yakaiswa neUS muAfghanistan yaive nehuwori, uye huori hwayo hwakawedzera kudzika midzi uye nekufamba kwenguva. Transparency International (TI) yakagara ichiita rakava US-inotora Afghanistan seimwe yenyika dzakaora kwazvo pasi rose.
Vaverengi vekuMadokero vanogona kufunga kuti huori idambudziko rakamira kwenguva refu muAfghanistan, zvinopesana nechimwe chiitiko cheUS yekugara, asi izvi handizvo. TI manotsi kuti, “zvinozivikanwa nevose kuti huwori hweshure megore ra2001 hwawedzera kupfuura nhanho dzakapfuura.” A 2009 report neOrganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development yakayambira kuti "huori hwakwira kusvika pamwero waisaonekwa mumautungamiriri apfuura."
Iwo manejimendi anosanganisira hurumende yeTaliban iyo mauto eU.S. ekupinda akabvisa pasimba muna 2001, uye Soviet-allied socialist hurumende izvo zvakaparadzwa neUS-vakaendesa vatangiri veAl Qaeda neTaliban muma1980, vachiparadza kufambira mberi kukuru kwavakaita mune zvedzidzo, hutano uye kodzero dzevakadzi.
A 2010 ripoti naimbove mukuru weReagan Pentagon Anthony H. Cordesman, ane musoro unoti "How America Corrupt Afghanistan", akatsiura hurumende yeUS nekukanda mabhawa emari munyika iyoyo pasina kana kuzvidavirira.
The New York Times Zvinonzi muna 2013 kuti mwedzi wega wega kwemakore gumi, iyo CIA yanga ichirasa masutukesi, mabhegi uye kunyange mabhegi epurasitiki ekutenga akazadzwa nemadhora eUS kumutungamiriri weAfghan kuti apihwe vatongi vezvematongerwo enyika nevezvematongerwo enyika.
Huori hwakakanganisawo nzvimbo chaidzo dzinobatwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vekuWestern sekubudirira kwebasa, sedzidzo nehutano. Dzidzo hurongwa hwave zvazara nezvikoro, vadzidzisi, uye vadzidzi izvo zvinongowanikwa pabepa chete. Mishonga yeAfghan ndeye stocked nemishonga yekunyepera, yakapera kushanda kana yepasi, yakawanda yakavanda kubva kuPakistan yakavakidzana. Pamwero wega, huwori hwakakonzerwa nevashandi vehurumende sevadzidzisi vanotambira chete chegumi iyo mibairo yevakanaka-vakabatana maAfghans vanoshandira vekunze maNGO nemakontrakta.
Kubvisa huwori uye kugadzirisa hupenyu hweAfghan kwagara kuri kwechipiri kune yekutanga US chinangwa chekurwisa maTaliban uye kuchengetedza kana kuwedzera masimba ayo ehurumende. Sezvo TI yakashuma"America yakabhadhara nemaune mapoka akasiyana-siyana ane zvombo pamwe nevashandi vehurumende veAfghan kuti vave nechokwadi chekushandira pamwe uye / kana ruzivo, uye vakashanda pamwe nemagavhuna zvisinei nekuti vaive nehuwori hwakadii .. Huori hwakanganisa basa reUS kuAfghanistan nekukonzera kunyunyuta kuhurumende yeAfghan nekufambisa kutsigira zvinhu kuvapanduki. ”
The mhirizhonga isingaperi yekutora kweUS uye huwori hwehurumende inotsigirwa neUS kwakasimudzira rutsigiro rwakakurumbira rwevaTaliban, kunyanya kumaruwa uko makota matatu yevaAfghan vanogara. Urombo husingagadzirisike hwekugara muAfghanistan hwakabatsirawo mukukunda kweTaliban, sevanhu zvakasarudzika kuti basa ravo nenyika dzakapfuma senge United States nevabatsiri vayo vekuMadokero zvingavasiya sei muhurombo hwakanyanya.
Zvakanaka pamberi penjodzi iripo, iyo huwandu hwevaAfghan vachitaura kuti vaitambudzika kuti vararame pamari yavari kuwana yakawedzera kubva pa60% muna2008 kusvika pa90% mugore ra2018. A 2018 Gallup sarudzo yakawana yakaderera-nhanho nhanho-yekuzvita "hupenyu" iyo Gallup yakambonyora chero kupi pasi. VaAfghans havana kungozivisa zvinyorwa zvematambudziko asi nekusava netariro kwakadaro nezveramangwana ravo.
Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvakawanikwa mune dzidzo yevanasikana, chetatu chete che Vasikana veAfghan akapinda chikoro chepuraimari mu2019 uye chete 37% yevasikana vechidiki veAfghan vaigona kuverenga nokunyora. Chimwe chikonzero chekuti vana vashoma vanoenda kuchikoro kuAfghanistan ndechekuti vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri evana pakati pemakore matanhatu ne6 vanofanirwa kushanda kuti vatsigire mhuri dzavo dzinotambura nehurombo.
Asi pachinzvimbo chekuyananisira basa redu mukuchengeta vazhinji veAfghans vakanyura muhurombo, vatungamiriri vekuMadokero vave kutemesa rubatsiro rwehupfumi pamwe nerwevanhu rwanga rwuchipa mari. makota matatu yenzvimbo yeruzhinji yeAfghanistan uye yakaumba 40% yeiyo yakazara GDP.
Nekudaro, United States nevabatsiri vayo vari kupindura pakurasikirwa nehondo nekutyisidzira maTaliban nevanhu veAfghanistan nehondo yechipiri, yehupfumi. Kana hurumende nyowani yeAfghan ikasabvuma kuita kwavo "zvinangwa" uye kuita zvavanoda, vatungamiriri vedu vanozouraya vanhu vavo nzara vozopa mhosva maTaliban nekuda kwenzara inotevera nedambudziko revanhu, sezvavanoita madhimoni nekupomera vamwe vakaurayiwa muhondo yeUS yezvehupfumi. , kubva kuCuba kuenda kuIran.
Mushure mekudurura matiririyoni emadhora muhondo isingaperi muAfghanistan, basa guru reAmerica izvozvi nderekubatsira makumi mana emamiriyoni eAfghans vasina kutiza nyika yavo, sezvavanoedza kupora kubva kumaronda anotyisa nekushungurudzika kwehondo yavakaitirwa neAmerica, zvakare se kusanaya kwemvura kukuru izvo zvakaparadza 40% yezvirimwa zvavo gore rino uye chirema wechitatu wave Yevhavha-19.
IUS inofanira kusunungura iyo $ 9.4 bhiriyoni mumari yeAfghan yakachengetwa mumabhangi eUS. Inofanira kuchinja iyo $ 6 bhiriyoni yakapihwa mauto eAfghan asisina basa kurubatsiro rwevanhu, pachinzvimbo chekuchinjisa kune dzimwe nzira dzekuparadza mari kwemauto. Inofanira kukurudzira vabatsiri veEuropean uye iyo IMF kwete kubvisa mari. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ivo vanofanirwa kubhadhara zvizere chikumbiro cheUN 2021 $ 1.3 bhiriyoni mune rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi, urwo rwakapera Nyamavhuvhu rwaive pasi pe40% yakapihwa mari.
Pane imwe nguva, United States yakabatsira vabatsiri vayo veBritain neSoviet kukunda Germany neJapan, ndokuzobatsira kuvavakazve senyika dzine hutano, dzine rugare uye dzakabudirira. Kune zvese zvakakanganisa zvakakomba zveAmerica - rusaruraganda, mhosva dzayo dzakanangana nevanhu muHiroshima neNagasaki nehukama hwayo neocolonial nenyika dzine hurombo - America yakasimudzira vimbiso yebudiriro iyo vanhu vari munyika zhinji dzepasirese vakagadzirira kutevera.
Kana United States yese ichifanirwa kupa dzimwe nyika nhasi ihondo, huwori nehurombo zvakaunzwa kuAfghanistan, saka nyika ine hungwaru kuenderera mberi nekutarisa mamodheru matsva ekutevera: miedzo mitsva mukuzivikanwa uye kweruzhinji rusununguko; kunatsiridzwa kukoshesa hutongi hwenyika nemutemo wepasi rose; dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa kwemauto kugadzirisa matambudziko epasi rose; uye dzimwe nzira dzakaenzana dzekuronga pasirese kurwisa matambudziko epasirese sedenda reCovid nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze.
United States inogona kugumburwa mukuedza kwayo kusina zvibereko kudzora nyika kuburikidza nehondo nekumanikidza, kana inogona kushandisa mukana uno kufungisisa nzvimbo yayo pasi. Vanhu veAmerica vanofanirwa kunge vakagadzirira kushandura peji iri pabasa redu rinopera se hegemon yepasi rose uye toona maitiro atingaite mupiro unonzwisisika, wekushandira pamwe mune ramangwana ratisingazombokwanisi kutonga, asi izvo zvatinofanira kubatsira kuvaka.
Medhiya Bhenjamini ndiye anodzidzisa CODEPINK Rugare, uye munyori wemabhuku akati wandei, kusanganisira Mukati Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies mutori wenhau akazvimirira, muongorori neCODEPINK uye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo Edu: American Invasion and Destruction of Iraq.
