NaJohn Hanrahan
Parizvino iwe unoziva kudhirowa: Iyo CIA kana mauto eUS anoburitsa drone kurova kana kumwe kubhomba kwemuchadenga muAfghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia kana chero imwe nyika iyo United States inoti ine kodzero yekurwisa.
Mutauriri wehurumende yeUS anoshuma 5 kana 7 kana 17 kana makumi maviri neshanu kana chero nhamba ye "varwi" vakaurayiwa - Taliban, kana al Qaeda kana ISIS / ISIL / Islamic State varwi - sekureva kwayo-in-the-blanks kuburitswa kwenhau. Masevhisi ewaya, mapepanhau makuru, vatapi venhau veterevhizheni vanozivisa zvine mutsindo pane imwe drone yakabudirira kana kurohwa kwekombi, vachizadzisa zvimiro zvishoma zvevatapi venhau nekuzvizivisa kuPentagon, kana hungwaru kana hurumende yeUS - dzimwe nguva kutopa zita remutauriri akapa kuburitswa kwenhau.
Uye zvino - kazhinji hapana. Hongu, dzimwe nguva mumwe munhu ane hunhu hushoma anosimudza kunhuwa - taura mutungamiri weAfghan, kana mumwe mukuru wemuno ane mukurumbira akaona kurwiswa, kana Vanachiremba vasina Border mushure mekurwiswa kweUS kuchipatara chavo cheAfghanistan muna Gumiguru. (* Ona mashoko omuzasi.) Mukupikisa kutaura kwevaAmerica kwokuuraya “varwi” chete, izvi zvapupu zvakaona zvinotyisa zvinopikisa kuti vakawanda vevakaurayiwa vakanga vasiri varwi, kunyange vakadzi nevana.
Asi panguva idzodzo apo vakuru vakuru veUS vanosangana nehumbowo hwakasimba hwekufa kwevanhu, vanowanzo kumbira ruregerero (asi vasingawanzo kubvuma kuti vanhu vakaurayiwa), vanovimbisa kuferefeta - uye ndiko kwekupedzisira kwatingamboita setinonzwa nezvazvo. mumapepanhau makuru.
Zvino, American University (AU) mudzidzi, Jeff Bachman, ane zvakanyorwa izvo vamwe vaverengi vangave vakafungidzira mukuverenga drone nhau yekuvhara mumakore apfuura, asi vasina data rekuitsigira. Mukuongorora zvinyorwa na The New York Times uye Washington Post munguva pfupi yapfuura yekurova kweUS drone pakati pe2009 ne2014, Bachman akapedzisa:
"Mapepa ese ari maviri akanyanya kumiririra huwandu hwevanhu vakaurayiwa mukurwisa ndege muPakistan neYemen, vakatadza kugadzirisa rekodhi yeruzhinji pakabuda humbowo hwekuti kutaura kwavo kwanga kwakashata uye kufuratira kukosha kwemutemo wepasirese."
Tsvagiridzo yaBachman inoenderana ne The Intercept's ichangobva kuburitswa “Drone Papers” zvinyorwa, izvo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidza kunyepa kwehurumende yeUS kumapepanhau neveruzhinji nezvehuwandu hwevasiri varwi vakaurayiwa mukurohwa nendege.
Bachman, mudzidzisi wezvekodzero dzevanhu uye mubati-mukuru weGlobal Affairs MA Chirongwa paAU's School of International Service, akaongorora muenzaniso we81. Times zvinyorwa uye 26 Post zvinyorwa zvakabudiswa mukati memazuva maviri ezvimwe zviitiko zve drone pakati pe2009 ne2014. Akabva afananidza mapepa maviri 'kushuma kune tsvakurudzo uye kutevera kwekurova kwe drone neLondon-based The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Akataura kuti anoona data reTBIJ rine chiremera "nekuti vakashandisa nzira yakatsigirwa neCentre for Civilians in Conflict and Human Rights" paColumbia University's Law School.
Mukurwiswa kweDrone kwakataurwa na The Times, TBIJ yakawana vanhuwo zvavo vakaurayiwa mu26 ye81 kurwisa. The Times, kunyanguvezvo, vakashuma kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakaurawa mukuviri bedzi kwedenho idzodzo, Bachman akanyora kudaro.
Kutarisa The PostKufukidzwa kwekurwiswa kwe drone, Bachman akawana kuti TBIJ yakashuma vanhu vakaurayiwa mu7 ye26 kurwiswa, uku. The Post vakashuma kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakaurayiwa mukurwisa kumwe chete.
Mukurova makumi matatu nenhatu kwakakonzera kufa kwevanhu, TBIJ yakaona kuti pakati pe33 ne180 vanhu vakaurayiwa - zvakadaro. Times uye Post nyaya dzakataura nezvokufa kwevanhu vapfumbamwe chete munyaya nhatu dzavakaona kuti paiva nevanhuwo zvavo vakafa.
"Iyi tsika yekusazivisa vanhu vakakuvadzwa neveruzhinji zvinoreva kuti vaverengi havasi kuziviswa nezvemhedzisiro yekurohwa nedrone muYemen nePakistan," Bachman akanyora. "Zvinomiririra kutadza kwevatori venhau pamapepa aya kuona zviri kutaurwa nehurumende pamusoro pekuti ndiyani anourayiwa kunyanya pakuramwa mabasa."
Zvakatonyanya kuipa, Bachman anoshuma zvakaitika paakasangana nemapepanhau ese kuti avabvunze "nezve zvisiri izvo mukutaura kwavo nezvevanhu vakakuvara, uye kuona kana bepanhau rakaburitsa zvigadziriso" pamusoro pekufa kwevanhu kubva mukurohwa nedrone. “Mhinduro kubva kune vose vari vaviri yaiva yokuti vakanga vasina,” akanyora kudaro.
Verenga Bachman's chinyorwa kuti aone pfupiso izere yezvaakawana uye nematauriro chaiwo aanoshuma kubva kwaari Times uye Post vamiririri. Asi kune imwe sampuli yekusakendenga kwenhau kune iyi nyaya, funga zvakataurwa naBachman kuti akaudzwa naSylvester Monroe, The Post's mubatsiri maneja mupepeti.
Monroe, akanyora kudaro Bachman, “akataura kuti pakushandisa ‘manyuko ehurumende’ hazvibviri ‘kuzvionera pachedu kuti ndevapi vevakafa vaiva nhengo dzemapoka evarwi uye vangave vaiva vanhuwo zvavo vasina mhosva.’”
Sekureva kwaBachman, Monroe akawedzera kuburitsa uku kunoshamisa: "Kunyangwe dai CIA yaizobvuma kuti kuverenga kwayo kwanga kusiri kwechokwadi, hazvingave kwatiri kuti tigadzirise." Rega izvozvo zvinyure mukati: The Post sezviri pachena haizogadzirise nhema dzesangano revasori uye nenhema kunyangwe muchiitiko chisingafungidzirwe iyo agency pachayo inozvibvuma.
Bachman akacherekedzawo kuti izwi rekuti "kodzero dzevanhu" - uye akasiyana akasiyana - airatidza mu5 chete The Times's 81 drone kurwisa nyaya, uye mune imwe chete ye26 Post zvinyorwa. Izwi rekuti "mitemo yehondo" kana "mitemo yehondo" - inodiwa "kuisa drone kurohwa mumamiriro avo emutemo epasirese" - haina kutaurwa mune chero chezvinyorwa.
"Pasina kujeka nehurumende uye kuburitsa kwakaringana, vanoridza muridzo, sekwakabva The Intercept'Mapepa eDrone,' ndiwo chete masosi eruzivo rwunozotitendera kuti tinzwisise mhedzisiro yekurova kwe drone," akapedzisa Bachman.
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- Iyo ichangoburwa Gumiguru 2 akawanda mabhomba eUS pachipatara cheChiremba Pasina Border muKunduz, Afghanistan, pakauraiwa vashandi ve30, varwere nevamwe, inogona kuratidza kuti ndiyo nyaya yakasarudzika yekuti zviitiko zvinomanikidza kuti zviongororwe zvakanyanya. Asi usavimba nazvo. Muchiitiko chechipatara cheKunduz, vakazviona - vekuMadokero / vanachiremba vanobva kusangano rinoremekedzwa pasi rose rinobatsira vanhu vanotaura kuti mabhomba akaitwa nemaune - haaigona kunyorwa nyore nyore nePentagon uye yedu inowanzoita incurious media media. Vanachiremba vasina Border vakadana mabhomba akawanda muchipatara imhosva yehondo uye vanoda kuti kurwiswa kuongororwe nekuferefeta pasi rose pasi peGeneva Conventions. Pane kudaro, General John F. Campbell, mutungamiri weAmerica muAfghanistan, akagadza mukuru-nyeredzi mbiri kubva kune mumwe murairo kuti atungamirire iyo Campbell inonzi tsvakurudzo yakazvimirira - kure kure neizvo Doctors Without Borders vakadana. Kuchengeta kuferefetwa mukati meimba yemauto pachayo kunoita kuti zvive zvakanyanya mukana wekuti tingave takananga kune imwe yezvikanganiso-zvakaitwa-zvakaitwa Pentagon mishumo, pane chirevo chehondo-akaitwa. Kunyangwe iyi isina kukwana, inopokana yekuferefeta nhanho, zvakadaro, yakanyanya kupfuura zvinowanzoitika kana vanhuwo zvavo vachiurayiwa nekurwiswa neUS uye pasina vekuMadokero kana vanhu vane magwaro ekuvapupurira.
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John Hanrahan, parizvino ari mudare redzimhosva reExposeFacts, ndiye aimbova director director weThe Fund for Investigative Journalism uye mutori wenhau The Washington Post, The Washington Star, UPI nemamwe masangano enhau. Iye zvakare ane ruzivo rwakakura senge ongororo yepamutemo. Hanrahan ndiye munyori we Hurumende neContrakti uye co-munyori we Yakarasika Frontier: Kushambadzira kweAlaska. Akanyora zvakanyanya kuNiemanWatchdog.org, chirongwa cheNieman Foundation for Journalism paHarvard University.
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