NaDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, November 11, 2023
Mashoko paVeterans For Peace chiitiko muIowa City, Iowa, Mbudzi 11, 2023
Musi wa2 Zvita Dzidziso yeMonroe ichasvitsa makore mazana maviri. Kureva kuti, achange ari makore mazana maviri kubva pazuva rakaitwa neMutungamiri James Monroe hurukuro apo makore akazotevera vezvematongerwo enyika nenyanzvi vakaburitsa dzimwe ndima ndokudzitumidza kuti Monroe Doctrine. Kana chinangwa chaive chekubvumidza boka rakasarudzika simba rekugadzira zvisiri pamutemo mutemo uye nekuisimudza pamusoro pemitemo yese chaiyo, yakashanda. Nekufamba kwemakore, vatungamiri vakawanda vakapiwa dzidziso, uye iye zvino hatikwanise kupfuura nehutungamiri humwechete pasina dzidziso yakaziviswa. Vamwe vatungamiri vanopihwa, nevanyori vemapepanhau, dzidziso dzavasina kumbotaura ivo pachavo.
The Monroe Doctrine, kana chikamu chakatsungirira uye chakavakwa uye chakawedzerwa pamusoro, chinoti United States icharwa nechero simba rekunze rinoedza chero kupi zvako muWestern Hemisphere. Kubva paZuva 1 shuviro yakawedzera kupfuura iyo hemisphere, kunyangwe zvaizotora makore mazhinji United States isati yatarisa zvakanyanya kunze kweNorth America. Nenguva yaTheodore Roosevelt dzidziso iyi yakaitwa pachena pasi rose. Zvino, hongu, mauto eUS ane mabhesi anorira pasirese. Zvombo zveUS zvinotengeswa kana kupihwa kune hudzvanyiriri uye zvinodaidzwa kuti demokrasi mumakona ese ePasi. Hondo dziri kure nezviuru zvemakiromita dzinonzi dzinodzivirira.
The Monroe Doctrine yakanga isiri chiziviso chekuti United States yaizorwisa vanhu. Zvaiva zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvine ngozi kupfuura izvozvo. Yakanga iri nzira yekubvumidza vanhu kuti vapinde muimperialism vachifunga nezvayo sehunhu hwevanhu. Izvi zvakatanga neDzidziso yeDiscovery, yakaiswawo mumutemo weUS muna 1823. MaNative America anga asiri vanhu chaivo vane nyika chaidzo - sezvatinoudzwa nhasi kuti vanhu vePalestine havapo chaizvo - uye ichi ndicho chikonzero vanhu vachakuudza. nechiso chakatwasuka kuti Afghanistan kana Vietnam ndiyo yaive hondo refu yeUS. Kana vanhu vasipo, haugone kuvauraya kana kuvabira minda yavo.
Tevere, vanhu vaivepo asi vaive vasina kunyatsoumbwa vanhu, vaive vasina kungwara zvekuziva kuti vaida kuve chikamu cheUnited States, saka waitofanira kuvaratidza kuti zvivanakire ivo. Izvi, zvakare, zvichinesu. Panguva yekuparadzwa kweIraq, sarudzo dzakawana ruzhinji rweUS ruvengo kuti maIraqi aisatenda kana kutenda.
Chechitatu, vanhu vaingofungidzirwa sevanoda chaizvo kuve chikamu cheUnited States. Uye, chechina, kunze kwechinhu chiduku chevanhu vanogara panyika, pfungwa ndeyokuti US yaitora North America kuti ichengetedze kubva kuRussia neFrench neSpanish. Kana uri kurwira kuponesa vanhu kubva ku imperialism saka zvauri kuita hazvigone kuve imperialism. Kweakawanda emakore 200 apfuura, kusanganisira gore rino, unogonawo kutsiva izwi rekuti "Russia" kune imperialism. Kana uri kurwira kuponesa vanhu kubva kuRussia saka zvauri kuita hazvigone kuve imperialism.
Sezvineiwo, fungidziro yeRussia yekuti, zvakare, inogona kuve neMonroe Dzidziso kuEastern Europe yakamhanya ichipokana nekusimbirira kweUS kuti pasi rino rakakura zvakakwana kune imwechete Monroe Dzidziso, uye izvo zvakatisundira isu tose kumucheto kweapocalypse yenyukireya.
Chikamu chezvinoda kugadzirisa iyo Monroe Doctrine, dzimwe dzidziso dzehondo dzakavakwa pairi, uye hondo dzisingapere dzinogona kuwanikwa mune zviri kuitwa nevanhu veLatin America.
Kusvika kumwero wakati, hurumende yeUS haidi zvakanzi neFDR "sonofabitch yedu" (sezviri, "angave ari sonofabitch asi ari sonofabitch yedu") achimhanyisa nyika yega yega yeLatin America. United States ine zvigadziko, vatengi vezvombo, mauto akadzidziswa neUS, mauto eUS-akadzidziswa, zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvemakambani zvinokunda mabumbiro, uye masimba emari echikwereti, rubatsiro, uye zvirango. Muna 2022, iyo Wall Street Journal yakasimbirira kuti mamiriro ekunze ePasi (sei izvozvo nokuda kwechikonzero chitsva?) zvaizoda kuti makambani, uye kwete nyika dzeBolivia, Chile, neArgentina, dzidzore lithium. Lithium yedu yakapinda sei pasi pevhu ravo?
Zvichakadaro vanhu vekuLatin America vanoramba vachiramba kutorwa kwemasimba uye kupindira kwesarudzo uye zvirango, kupa masimba hurumende yakazvimiririra. Mugore ra2022 hurumende dze“pink tide” dzakawedzerwa kusanganisa Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Colombia, neHonduras. KuHonduras, 2021 yakaona sarudzo semutungamiri weaimbove mukadzi wekutanga Xiomara Castro de Zelaya uyo akadzingwa necoup muna 2009 achipokana nemurume wake uye zvino murume wekutanga Manuel Zelaya. KuColombia, 2022 yakaona sarudzo yayo yekutanga yemutungamiri akarerekera kuruboshwe zvachose. Mutungamiri weColombia Gustavo Petro zvino vanotaura nezvekusununguka kubva kuhutongi hweUS uye kupera kwechiuto, asi kushandira pamwe nekubatana zvakaenzana, kusanganisira pakugadzira simba reUS kubva kuchiedza chezuva muColombia.
Muna 2021, pamakore mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemasere ekuzvarwa kwaSimón Bolívar, Mutungamiriri weMexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador akakurudzira kuumbazve "purojekiti yekubatana" yeBolívar pakati pevanhu veLatin America neCaribbean. Iye akati: “Tinofanira kusendeka parutivi dambudziko rekujoinha United States kana kupokana nayo nekuzvidzivirira. Yave nguva yekutaura nekuongorora imwe sarudzo: kutaurirana nevatongi veUS uye kuvanyengetedza nekuvanyengetedza kuti hukama hutsva pakati penyika dzeAmerica hunogoneka. " Iye akatiwo: “Kuregererei kudzidza kudikanwa kwebasa uye, nenzira ine nhevedzano, kuzarura kuyerera kwokutama? Uye mukati megadziriro yeiyi chirongwa chitsva chebudiriro, mutemo wekudyara, basa, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinofarirwa nenyika dzedu zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Zviripachena kuti izvi zvinofanirwa kureva kubatana kwekusimudzira nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vese veLatin America neCaribbean. Zvematongerwo enyika zvamazana maviri amakore apfuura, zvinoratidzirwa nevhozhokero dzokugadza kana kuti kubvisa vatongi pakuda kwesimba guru, zvinotova zvisingagamuchiriki; Ngatitaurei zvakanaka kune zvakaiswa, kupindira, zvirango, kusabatanidzwa, uye blockades. Pane kudaro, ngatishandisei mitemo yekusapindira, kuzvisarudzira kwevanhu uye kugadzirisa kune runyararo kwemakakatanwa. Ngatitangei hukama mukondinendi yedu tichitungamirwa naGeorge Washington, izvo zvinoti, 'nyika hadzifanire kutora mukana wekusuwa kwevamwe vanhu.'” AMLO yakarambawo chirevo chakaitwa neMutungamiriri weAmerica panguva iyoyo, VaTrump, chehondo yakabatana yekurwisa zvinodhaka. vatengesi, vachikurudzira mukuita kubviswa kwehondo.
Muna 2022, paMusangano weAmerica wakaitwa neUnited States, nyika 23 chete pa35 dzakatumira vamiririri. United States yakanga yabvisa nyika nhatu, nepo dzimwe dzinoverengeka dzakaramba, dzinosanganisira Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, uye Antigua neBarbuda. Zvakare muna 2022, Nicaragua yakapedza maitiro ekubvisa kubva kuOAS.
Shanduko yenguva inogonawo kuoneka munzira kubva kuLima kuenda kuPuebla. Muna 2017, Canada, saMonroe-Dzidziso-Junior-Partner (musambonetseka kana Monroe akatsigira kutora Canada) akatungamira mukuronga Lima Group, sangano renyika dzeAmerica rine chinangwa chekupidigura hurumende yeVenezuela. Mitezo yaisanganisira Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Paraguay, Peru, neVenezuela (anonyepedzera kuti Venezuela inotongwa mupfungwa dzake naJuan Guaidó). Asi nyika dzave kudonha kusvika padanho rekuti hapana kujeka chasara. Zvichakadaro, muna 2019, Boka rePuebla renhengo dzeParamende kubva kunyika dzeLatin America rakaumbwa. Muna 2022, yakapa chirevo:
"Latin America neCaribbean dzinoda kutangazve chivakwa chemari, chakagadziridzwa kune zvavanoda uye pasina zvisungo, izvo zvinotyisidzira uchangamire hwevanhu vedu uye kutarisa kwavo pakusikwa kwemari imwe chete yeLatin America. Boka rePuebla rinotsigira kuti kutengesa zvinodhaka kwave dambudziko repasi rose uye repasi rose. Nyika dzinoshandisa zvakanyanya dzinofanirwa kutora mutoro wadzo mukutsvaga mhinduro yakasiyana kudambudziko. Nechikonzero ichi, isu tinokurudzira mubatanidzwa weLatin America kuti uwane mhinduro kubva pakudzorwa kwekurambidzwa kwezvinodhaka, uye kupa magariro uye hutano kurapwa, uye kwete kungopara mhosva, kupindwa muropa nekushandisa. . . . nezvimwewo.”
Asi kune isu isu tiri muUnited States, chii chatinofanira kunge tichida kuhurumende yeUS? Chiziviso chekuti Monroe Doctrine yafa? Tava nadzo kweanenge makore 100! Isu tanga tichirarama mukufungidzirwa kwerima reMonroe Doctrine kwenguva yakareba sezvo chero munhu ari mupenyu anga ari mupenyu. Chatinoda ndiko kubviswa chaiko kwezvimiro zveMonroe Doctrinism, uye kwete nekuti nguva yavo yapfuura, asi nekuti hakuna kumbove nenguva yaitenderwa kumanikidza kuda kweumwe kune mumwe. The Monroe Doctrine haina kumbofanira kuva. Nhoroondo yaigona kunge yakashata, asi zvakare yaigona kunge iri nani.
Latin America haina kumbobvira yada mabhesi emauto eUS, uye ese anofanirwa kuvharwa izvozvi. Latin America ingadai yakagara iri nani pasina mauto eUS (kana mauto emumwe munhu) uye inofanirwa kusunungurwa kubva kuchirwere nekukurumidza. Hapasisina kutengeswa kwezvombo. Hapasisina zvipo zvezvombo. Hapasisina kudzidziswa zvechiuto kana mari. Hapasisina kudzidziswa kwemauto eUS kwemapurisa eLatin America kana varindi vejeri. Hapasisina kutumira kunze kwenyika purojekiti ine njodzi yekusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda. (Bhiri reCongress rakaita seBerta Caceres Act raizobvisa mari yeUS kumauto nemapurisa muHonduras chero bedzi vekupedzisira vari mukutyora kodzero dzevanhu vanofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuLatin America yese nepasirese, uye kuitwa. zvechigarire pasina mamiriro ezvinhu; rubatsiro runofanira kutora nzira yeyamuro yemari, kwete mauto ane zvombo.) Hapasisina hondo yekurwisa zvinodhaka, kunze kwenyika kana kumba. Hapasisina kushandiswa kwehondo yezvinodhaka pachinzvimbo chemauto. Hapasisina kufuratira hupenyu husina kunaka kana hurombo hwehutano hunogadzira uye hunochengetedza kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Hapasisina zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvinoparadza zvakatipoteredza uye zvevanhu. Hapasisina kupemberera kwehupfumi "kukura" nekuda kwayo. Hapasisina kukwikwidza neChina kana chero ani zvake, mutengesi kana wemauto. Hapasisina chikwereti. (Kanzura!) Hapasisina rubatsiro netambo dzakabatanidzwa. Hapasisina chirango chemubatanidzwa kuburikidza nezvirango. Hapasisina madziro emuganhu kana zvipingamupinyi zvisina musoro zvekufamba wakasununguka. Hapasisina chizvarwa chechipiri. Hapasisina kutsauswa kwezviwanikwa kure nemhoteredzo uye matambudziko evanhu kuita shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dzechinyakare tsika yekukunda. Latin America haina kumbobvira yada US colonialism. Puerto Rico, nenzvimbo dzese dzeUS, dzinofanirwa kubvumidzwa kusarudza rusununguko kana hutongi, uye pamwe chete nesarudzo, muripo.
Nhanho huru munzira iyi inogona kutorwa nehurumende yeUS kuburikidza nekubvisa kuri nyore kwekamwe kaitiro kekunyepedzera: hunyengeri. Iwe unoda kuve chikamu che "mitemo-yakavakirwa kurongeka"? Wobva wajoinha imwe! Kune imwe kunze uko yakakumirira, uye Latin America irikuitungamira.
Pakati peUnited Nations '18 mikuru yezvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu, United States inobatanidzwa kune 5, ishoma pane imwe nyika ipi zvayo pasi pano, kunze kweBhutan (4), uye yakabatana neMalaysia, Myanmar, neSouth Sudan, nyika yakasakadzwa nehondo kubvira. kusikwa kwayo muna 2011. United States ndiyo chete nyika paNyika isina kutsigira Chibvumirano cheKodzero dzeMwana. Iri nematanho mazhinji muparadzi wepamusoro wezvakatipoteredza, asi anga ari mutungamiri mukuparadza nhaurirano dzekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze kwemakumi emakore uye haasati ambobvumidza UN Framework Convention on Climate Control (UNFCCC) uye Kyoto Protocol. Hurumende yeAmerica haisati yambotambira Chibvumirano cheComprehensive Test Ban Treaty ichibva yabuda muAnti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty muna 2001. Haisati yambosaina Chibvumirano cheMigodhi kana kuti Convention on Cluster Munitions.
United States inotungamira kupokana nedemocratization yeUnited Nations uye inobata nyore rekodhi yekushandiswa kweveto muSecurity Council mukati memakore makumi mashanu apfuura, ichipikisa UN kushora rusaruraganda rweSouth Africa, hondo dzeIsrael nemabasa, makemikari uye zvipenyu, kuwedzera kwezvombo zvenyukireya uye kushandiswa kwekutanga nekushandisa kurwisa nyika dzisiri dzenyukireya, hondo dzeUS muNicaragua neGrenada nePanama, chibvumirano cheUS kuCuba, kuuraya rudzi rweRwanda, kuendeswa kwezvombo munzvimbo dzekunze, nezvimwe.
Kusiyana nemafungiro akakurumbira, United States haisi mupi anotungamira weruyamuro kukutambudzika kwenyika, kwete sechikamu chemari yepasi rose kana pamunhu kana senhamba yakakwana yemadhora. Kusiyana nedzimwe nyika, United States inoverenga se40 muzana yeinonzi rubatsiro, zvombo zvemauto ekunze. Rubatsiro rwayo sese rwakanangidzirwa pazvinangwa zvaro zvehondo, uye marongero ayo ekubvakacha akaumbwa kwenguva refu achitenderedza ruvara rweganda, uye nguva pfupi yadarika akatenderedza chitendero, kwete zvakatenderedza zvinodiwa nevanhu - kunze kwekunge zvimwe zvakapesana, zvichitarisa kukiya nekuvaka madziro kuranga vanonyanya kupererwa. .
Mitemo yatinoda kazhinji haidi kufungidzira, kana kudzika, kungotevedzera. Chifo cha 1945, mapato ose ari muChata yeCM akagombedzerwa “kupedza gakava rawo renyika dzakawanda nenzira ine rugare nenzira yokuti rugare rwamarudzi ose nechengeteko, uye ruramisiro, hazvipiswi mungozi,” uye “kudzivisa ukama hwawo hwenyika yose patyisidziro. kana kushandiswa kwesimba kurwisa kutendeseka kwenzvimbo kana rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika chero nyika," kunyangwe paine maburi akawedzerwa ehondo dzakatenderwa neUN uye hondo dze "kuzvidzivirira," (asi kwete yekutyisidzira kwehondo) - maburi asingashande kune. chero hondo dzichangobva kuitika, asi maburi kuvapo ayo anoumba mupfungwa dzakawanda pfungwa isina kujeka yekuti hondo dziri pamutemo. Chinodiwa chorugare nokurambidzwa kwehondo chakatsanangurwa mumakore apfuura muzvisarudzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveUN, zvakadai seZvisarudzo 2625 uye 3314. Mapato ari muChata aizogumisa hondo kudai aizoiteerera.
Kubva 1949, mapato ese kuNATO, akabvumirana kudzoreredza kurambidzwa kwekutyisidzira kana kushandisa simba kunowanikwa muUN Charter, kunyangwe vachibvumirana kugadzirira hondo uye kupinda muhondo dzekudzivirira dzakarwiwa nedzimwe nhengo dzeNATO. Huzhinji hwezvombo zvePasi zvinobata uye kushandiswa kwemauto, uye chikamu chikuru chekugadzira kwayo hondo, chinoitwa nenhengo dzeNATO.
Kubva 1949, mapato eChishanu Geneva Convention akarambidzwa kuita chero mhirizhonga kune vanhu vasina kushingaira muhondo, uye kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwese "[c] zvirango zvemhosva uye saizvozvowo matanho ose ekutyisidzira kana ehugandanga," panguva iyi. voruzhinji zvikuru vaavo vakaurawa muhondo vave vasiri varwi, uye zvirango zvinouraya hazvipiwi mufungo wechipiri. Vese vakuru vehondo vanopinda muGeneva Kokorodzano.
Kubva 1951, mapato kuOAS Charter akabvumirana kuti "Hapana Nyika kana boka reNyika rine kodzero yekupindira, zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, chero chikonzero, mune zvemukati kana zvekunze zveimwe Nyika." Dai hurumende yeUS yakafunga kwekanguva kuti chibvumirano chaive mutemo wepamusoro-soro wenyika, sezvinoitwa neBumbiro reMitemo reUS, kwete nzira yekunyengedza maNative America nevamwe, izvi zvingadai zvakanzwisiswa sekupara mhosva kweMonroe Doctrine.
United States haifanire "kudzosera kumashure nzira uye kutungamira nyika" sekudiwa kwakawanda kungave nayo pamisoro yakawanda iyo United States iri kuita zvinoparadza. United States inoda, pane zvinopesana, kubatana nenyika uye kuyedza kubata neLatin America iyo yakatungamira mukugadzira nyika iri nani. Makondinendi maviri anotonga nhengo dzeInternational Criminal Court uye anoyedza zvakanyanya kutsigira mutemo wepasi rose: Europe neAmerica maodzanyemba kweTexas. Latin America inotungamira nzira yekuve nhengo muChibvumirano cheKurambidzwa kweNuclear Weapons. Zvinenge zvese zveLatin America chikamu chenzvimbo isina zvombo zvenyukireya, pamberi peimwe kondinendi, kunze kweAustralia.
Nyika dzeLatin America dzinotsigira hutongi hwepasirese hwemutemo kunyangwe dziri njodzi dzemumba. Vanobatana uye vanotsigira zvibvumirano zvakare kana zviri nani kupfuura chero kupi zvako paPasi. Havana zvombo zvenyukireya, makemikari, kana zvipenyu - kunyangwe vaine zvigaro zvemauto zveUS. Brazil chete inotumira kunze zvombo uye huwandu hwacho hudiki. Kubva 2014, idzo dzinopfuura makumi matatu enhengo dzeCommunity yeLatin America neCaribbean States (CELAC) dzakasungwa neDeclaration of a Zone of Peace.
Chinhu chimwe chete kutaura kuti unopikisa hondo. Ndiyo imwezve yekuiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu umo vazhinji vangakuudza kuti hondo ndiyo yega sarudzo uye shandisa sarudzo yepamusoro panzvimbo. Inotungamira nzira mukuratidzira iyi kosi yehungwaru iLatin America. Muna 1931, vaChile vakakunda mudzvinyiriri pasina chisimba. Muna 1933 uye zvakare muna 1935, veCuba vakapidigura vatungamiri vachishandisa mhirizhonga. Muna 1944, vadzvinyiriri vatatu, Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez (El Salvador), Jorge Ubico (Guatemala), naCarlos Arroyo del Río (Ecuador) vakadzingwa nemhaka yokumukira kusina chisimba kwevanhuwo zvavo. Muna 1946, vanhu vokuHaiti vakakunda mudzvinyiriri pasina chisimba. (Zvichida Hondo Yenyika II ne“vavakidzani vakanaka” zvakapa Latin America kuzorora zvishoma kubva mu“yamuro” yomuvakidzani wayo wokuchamhembe.) Muna 1957, vaColombia vakakunda mudzvinyiriri pasina chisimba. Muna 1982 muBolivia, vanhu vakadzivisa kuvhozhokera kwemauto pasina chisimba. Muna 1983, Amai vePlaza de Mayo vakakunda shanduko yedemocracy uye kudzoka kwe (vamwe) vemhuri yavo "vakanyangarika" kuburikidza nekuita zvisiri zvechisimba. Muna 1984, vanhu vekuUruguay vakapedza hurumende yemauto nekurova kukuru. Muna 1987, vanhu veArgentina vakadzivisa nechisimba kuvhota kwemauto. Muna 1988, maChile akapidigura hutongi hwePinochet nechisimba. Muna 1992, vanhu vokuBrazil vakadzinga purezidhendi aiva neuori pasina chisimba. Muna 2000, vePeruvia vakakunda mudzvanyiriri Alberto Fujimori zvisina chisimba. Muna 2005, Ecuadorians vakabvisa mutungamiri ane huori zvisina chisimba. MuEcuador, nharaunda yave nemakore ichishandisa nzira isina mhirizhonga uye kutaurirana kudzosera kutorwa kwevhu nekambani nekambani yemigodhi. Muna 2015, maGuatemalans akamanikidza mutungamiri ane huori kusiya basa. MuColombia, nharaunda yakatora nyika yayo uye yakazvibvisa muhondo. Imwe nzanga muMexico yave ichiita zvimwe chetezvo. MuCanada, mumakore achangopfuura, vanhu veko vakashandisa zviito zvisiri zvechisimba kudzivirira kuiswa kwepombi munzvimbo dzavo. Sarudzo dzepink tide dzakabuda mumakore achangopfuura muLatin America zvakare mhedzisiro yekuratidzira kwakawanda kusina mhirizhonga.
Latin America inopa akawanda masikirwo emhando yekudzidza kubva nekusimudzira, kusanganisira nzanga zhinji dzechivanhu dzinogara dzakagadzikana uye nerunyararo, kusanganisira maZapatistas vachishandisa zvakanyanya uye nekuwedzera kusava nechisimba kusimudzira magumo edemocracy nesocialist, uye kusanganisira muenzaniso weCosta Rica kubvisa mauto ayo, vachiisa izvo. mauto mumyuziyamu kwairi, uye kuve zviri nani pazviri.
Latin America inopawo mhando dzechimwe chinhu chinonyanya kudiwa kuMonroe Doctrine: komisheni yechokwadi nekuyananisa. Komisheni yechokwadi yakaitwa muArgentina, nomushumo wakabudiswa muna 1984 pamusoro po“kunyangarika” kwavanhu pakati pa1976 na1983. Makomisheni echokwadi akabudisa mishumo muChile muna 1991 uye El Salvador muna 1993. Iwaya ose akatangira zvokwadi inosanozivikanwa nokuyananisa. komisheni muSouth Africa, uye vamwe vakatevera. Pane zvakawanda zvinofanira kuitwa muLatin America, uye vakawanda vari kushanda nesimba. Komisheni yechokwadi uye kupomera mhosva yekutambudza kwafumura chokwadi chakawanda muGuatemala, paine zvakawanda zvakasara kuti zviburitswe.
Mangwana online iyo isina pamutemo Vatengesi veDeath War Crimes Tribunal ichatevedzera zvimwe zvinodiwa pasi rose. Unogona kuona pa merchantsofdeath.org.
Basa riri pamberi peUnited States nderekupedza Monroe Doctrine, uye kuipedza kwete muLatin America chete asi pasi rose - kutanga nehondo yepasi rose muhondo dzese - uye kwete kungopedza Monroe Doctrine asi kuitsiva neiyo. zviito zvakanaka zvekubatana nenyika senhengo inoteerera mutemo, kusimudzira mutemo wemitemo yenyika yose, uye kushandira pamwe pazvombo zvenyukireya, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvirwere zvezvirwere, kushaya pokugara, uye urombo. Monroe Doctrine yakanga isati yambova mutemo, uye mitemo iripo zvino inoirambidza. Hapana chinobviswa kana kumiswa. Chinodiwa ingori mhando yehunhu hwakanaka iyo vezvematongerwo enyika vekuUS vanoramba vachinyepedzera kunge vakatobatikana mazviri.
Zviitiko zviri kurongwa pasi rose kuti zvivige Monroe Doctrine pazuva rekuzvarwa kwaro rechi200 musi waZvita 2, 2023, kusanganisira kuMexico, Colombia, Wisconsin, Virginia, nezvimwewo. Tichange tichitumira zviitiko izvi (uye iwe unogona kuwedzera zvako. ) uye isu tine marudzi ese ezviwanikwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kuita chiitiko chakaiswa pawebhusaiti pa worldbeyondwar.org. Chiitiko muVirginia chichava chekuvigwa kweMonroe Doctrine kumba kwaMonroe paYunivhesiti yeVirginia, uye Monroe pachake anogona kuita chitarisiko. Ndinovimba chimwe chinhu chichaitika kuIowa zvakare.
Zviri nyore kuodzwa mwoyo sevachembera crusty warmerers vawaifunga kuti vakafa uchiri mwana vanoburitswa kunze kune vanonzi Veterans Day kuti vataure uye vawane pundutso kubva kuhondo yega yega, uye sezvo zvematongerwo enyika zvekuzivikanwa zvichiwedzera kudzika midzi kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwehondo nekupikisa zvakafanana.
Uye zvakadaro, vanhu, vanhu vazhinji, avo vanokwanisa nekungodonha kubva mumarara muIsrael, uye neimwe nzira - mhomho yevanhu - vanhu vari panjodzi yekusungwa, vanhu vanobuda mumigwagwa sezvinoita vanhu munyika dzakajairwa, vanhu. akatenderedza White House neCapitol, mhomho yevanhu vakasiyana-siyana uye vanonyevenutsa mwoyo vari kuwana uye kutaura uye kuita zvese nemazvo.
Zvinotyisa hazvina kukwana sezvo mhinduro iri yekuurayiwa kwevanhu muGaza, hazvisi, muUnited States, zvakashata semhinduro yekupinda kweRussia kuUkraine. Saka, mumashoko emushakabvu — ndinoreva kuti, mwari achiri nesu — George W. Bush, vana vedu vari kudzidza here?
Pamwe. Pamwe. Mubvunzo wandinoda kupindura ndewekuti pane ari kutevera pfungwa dzekupikisa mativi ose kwainotungamira. Kana iwe wakanzwisisa kuti kushoropodza kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda nemativi maviri ehondo haisi chinhu chakanaka kutaura asi nokutendeseka chinhu chakanaka chekutenda, uye kana iwe wakadanidzira kuti "Haisi hondo, chimwe chinhu chakaipisisa. ” asi wakacherekedzawo kuti tanga tichideedzera kuti mukati mehondo imwe neimwe kubvira paHondo Yenyika I, zvino unotevera mufungo here kwainotungamira? Kana mativi ese ari maviri ari kuita hasha dzounzenza, kana dambudziko risiri ripi zvaro divi rawakadzidziswa kuvenga, asi hondo pachayo. Uye kana hondo pachayo ndiyo yakanyanya kudonhedza zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya nekudaro ichiuraya vanhu vazhinji zvisina kunanga kupfuura zvakananga, uye kana hondo pachayo ndiyo chikonzero isu tiri panjodzi yeAmagedhoni yenyukireya, uye kana hondo pachayo iri chikonzero chinotungamira chekusarura, uye iyo chete kururamisa. nekuda kwekuvanzika kwehurumende, uye chikonzero chikuru chekuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye chipinganidzo chikuru chekubatana kwepasi rose, uye kana wanzwisisa kuti hurumende hadzidzidzisi vanhu vadzo mukudzivirira kwevanhu vasina kuzvidzivirira kwete nekuti hazvishande pamwe nehondo asi nekuti vanotya vanhu vavo pachavo, saka iwe zvino wave muparadzi wehondo, uye yave nguva yatinotanga kushanda, tisingachengetere zvombo zvedu zvehondo chaiyo, kwete kupa nyika zvombo kutidzivirira kubva kune imwe kirabhu ye oligarchs inopfuma kupfuura imwe. kirabhu ye oligarchs, asi ichibvisa nyika yehondo, zvirongwa zvehondo, maturusi ehondo, uye kufunga kwehondo.
Zvakanaka, hondo. Kuraswa kwakanaka.
Ngatiedzei rugare.
Percy Shelly akadaro
Simukai seShumba dzabatwa nehope
Munhamba isingakundiki-
Zunzesa ngetani dzako pasi sedova
Izvo zvakange zvakuwira muhope
imwi muri vazhinji, vashoma;
