Chii chinoitika kana boka remagweta parinoda kusiyanisa varwi kubva kuvanhu vanoziva, nekubvunzurudza mazana evashandi, kuti hazvigone kuitwa?
Zvinova pamutemo kuuraya munhu wese here kana kuti hapana?
The Chikamu cheVashandi veHurumende Mukukonana (CIVIC) yakaburitsa chirevo chinodaidzwa Mafungiro evanhu: Kubatanidzwa kwechisimba mune zvehondo. Vatsvagiridzi, kusanganisira vanobva kuHarvard Law School, vakabvunzurudza vanhu ve62 muBosnia, 61 muLibya, 54 kuGaza, uye 77 Somali hupoteri muKenya. Iye anotungamira munyori wemushumo uyu ndiHarvard Law School Fellow Nicolette Boehland.
Mumwe anogona kubvunza kuti sei Iraq neAfghanistan dzakasiiwa kunze, kana imwe nhamba yeimwe nyika, asi chirevo chinoti vaongorori vakaenda kwavakakwanisa. Uye mhedzisiro mupiro wakakosha wandiri kuda kubheja ungadai usina kuwana mhedzisiro dzakasiyana nekutarisa kumwe kunhu.
"Mitemo yehondo inorambidza kutariswa nemauto kwevanhu," mushumo unotanga.
Asi zvakare, ndozvinoitawo mitemo inorambidza hondo, kusanganisira Kellogg-Briand Pact, UN Charter, nemitemo yakanangana nenyika senge US Constitution uye War Powers Resolution - iyo mitemo iyo mapurofesa e "mitemo yehondo" vanoshaya hanya. , sezvinoita mushumo uyu.
Vatsvaguriri vakaona kuti vanhu vazhinji vakagara kunorwa hondo vakatora chikamu muhondo idzi neimwe nzira, uye kuti havana nzwisiso yakajeka (kwete zvinoita chero ani zvake) yezvavaive vanhuwo zvavo kana varwi. Akadaro mumwe akabvunzurudzwa, akasimbiswa seyakajairwa: "Chandinofunga ndechekuti hapana mutsetse zvachose. . . . Vagari vanogona kushanduka kuva varwi chero nguva. Chero ani zvake anogona kuchinja kubva murwi kuenda kumurwi, zvese muzuva rimwe chete, munguva imwe chete. ”
Vanobvunzurudzwa vakajekesa kuti vazhinji vanomanikidzwa kupindawo muhondo, vamwe vane sarudzo shoma, uye vamwe vanopinda nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisina kusiana kubva kune izvo zvinoratidzwa nePentagon: kunyanya kuzvidzivirira, asiwo kuda nyika, mukurumbira, kupona, basa rehurumende , kumira mumagariro, kushatirwa pakuvavarira kwevaratidziri vane rugare, uye pfuma. Zvisinganzwisisike, kwete kana munhu akabvunzurudzwa akati vakapinda muhondo kuitira kuti vadzivise vanhu vekuAmerican kuenda kunotenga mushure mekereke kana zvimwe kuenderera nemararamiro avo kana kusununguka.
Chirevo ichi chinosimbisa chirevo chepamutemo chekutsvaga kuti vamwe vanhu vanomanikidzwa kuita mabasa sevarwi uye kubatsira varwi, nekuti "vanhuwo zvavo vanotora chinhanho muhondo vanorasikirwa nechengetedzo yavo yepamutemo kubva pakurwiswa zvakananga kunyangwe kana kutora kwavo chikamu kusingadi," - kunze kweizvozvo kuti isu tese tine hutachiona kubva kuhondo nekuti - kunyangwe magweta mazhinji akatsiga kuramba chokwadi ichi - Hondo imhosva.
"Kugadzirisa maitiro zvinobudirira, mutemo unofanirwa kuve wakajeka uye kufungidzira," CIVIC inotiudza kudaro. Asi yese inonzi mitemo yehondo haigone kujekeswa kana kufungidzirwa. Chii chinonzi "chakaringana" kana "chakaruramiswa" pasi peichi chinonzi chikamu chemutemo? Mhinduro dzese ndedzechokwadi mumaziso eanoona. Kutaura zvazviri, chinguva chipfupi gare gare chirevo ichi chinobvuma kuti: "Kupinda muchiuto muhondo yevarwi kwave uye kucharamba kuri nyaya inokakavadzana." Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chirevo chakaratidza dambudziko risingaperi, kwete mhinduro, uye kwete dambudziko rinokwanisa mhinduro.
Kusiyanisa vanhuwo zvavo kubva kuvarwi hakugone kumira kuva nyaya ine gakava, asi magweta vanonyepedzera kuti idambudziko rakafanira "kushanda," sevaporofesa vefilosofi "vanoshanda" kumatambudziko eepistemology sekunge rimwe zuva raizogadziriswa. Nekuda kwekuratidzira dambudziko risingaperi pane kugadzirisa rimwe, gare gare, chirevo chinotaura zvakajeka kuti "hachidi kuti mutemo uvandudzwe. . . Uye haina kana kuda kupomhodza gakava iri munzira ipi neipi. ” Zvakanaka, ndinovenga kuva asina hunhu, asi chii zvino ipfungwa yacho? Zvirinani, pamwe poindi ndeyekunyepera kuziva kwekukonana kwemukati pasi pemhino dzevatendi mu "mitemo yehondo," pamwe vasingazive kunyangwe kune vanyori venhoroondo.
Mumwe "munhuwo zvake" akataurwa mumushumo akati, "Ndakazviona semunhu akatora pfuti mumaoko ake kudzivirira vanhu vasina mhosva. "Ndakafunga kuti zvishoma ndine hushingi hwekuzviita." Akaonawo mikana yake yekupona yakakura zvikuru kana akapinda. Asi varwi "vasiri varwi" vakasiyana sei mukuita kana kukurudzira kubva kune "vasiri varwi" varwi?
Mumwe akatsanangura kuti, “hauna kumbobvira wanyorerwa semupanduki. Iwe unogona kupinda mukati nekurwa, kubuda uye kuenda kumba, kunogeza, kudya chikafu chamangwanani, kutamba PlayStation, uye wozodzokera kumberi. Unogona kuchinja kubva pane imwe kuenda kune imwe munguva pfupi, chaizvo. ” Kungofanana nemutyairi wendege. Asi kwete sevazhinji varwi veUS vanofamba kure nemusha kunouraya padhuze nedzimba dzevamwe vanhu. Kunzwisisa avo vamwe vanhu mamiriro kunodzima musiyano wekare pakati pevasiri varwi neanorwa, izvo zvinounza dzidziso yepamutemo mukubatana nezvazviri. Asi sarudzo ndeye kubvumira kuurayiwa kwevose kana kubvumira kuuraya kweumwe. Hakushamisi kuti mushumo hauna kurudziro! Icho chirevo chakanyorwa mukati memunda wezvidzidzo zvehondo, munda mukati mawo munhu asingabvunze hondo pachayo.
Vanodaidzwa kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakaudza vaongorori kuti vakarwa, vakapa rutsigiro rwezvinhu, vakafambisa mota, vakapa rubatsiro rwekurapa, vakapa chikafu, uye vakapa nhepfenyuro kusanganisira vezvenhau. (Kana iwe uchinge waziva kufambiswa kwenhau semupiro kuhondo, unodzivisa sei kuwedzera kwechikamu icho? Uye Fox neCNN neMSNBC vanodzivisa sei kupomedzerwa mhosva?) Gungwa umo hove dzinonzi varwi dzinoshambira (kuisa vanhuwo zvavo. uye varwi mumashoko aMao) vanogona zvakare kuurayiwa nemafungiro ehondo, chimwe chinhu vazhinji varwi vanoziva uye vanoita pairi. Sarudzo iyo isingafanire kutumidzwa zita ndeyekutendera gungwa uye hove kurarama.
Vanhu vakabvunzurudzwa vakanga vasina dudziro inowirirana, inowirirana ye “murwi” kana “murwi” - senge vanhu vaivabvunzurudza. Mushure mezvose, ivo vaibvunzurudza vaive vamiririri kubva ku "vepamutemo nzanga" iyo inoruramisa kuuraya kwedrone kwevanhu pasi rese. Pfungwa yevanhu vanochinja-chinja vachidzokera pakati pemabasa sevanhuwo zvavo uye varwi vanopesana nezviyo zvekufunga kweUS mune vanoita zvakaipa, sevabhinya vevana kana Lord Voldemort kana nhengo dzerumwe rudzi, vakaipa zvachose uye vasingaregererwe kuita kana kusaita zviitiko zvakaipa. Nuance nehondo zvakashata vanobatana. Drone inoputika mhuri kana Baba vasvika kumba pane kungo tarisa chete kuputisa baba muchiito chekuita chimwe chinhu chisingadiwe. Asi kana donhwe rimwe reropa rinorwa rikakuita murwi nekusingaperi, saka inguva yakazaruka pahuwandu hwevanhu venzvimbo dziri kurwiswa - chimwe chinhu chisingade kutsanangurirwa maGazans kana vamwe vakararama kuburikidza nezvazviri.
"Mushandi weDare reBosnia neHerzegovina akatenda kuti zvikamu zvacho zvaisashanda nyore nyore kune kuomarara kunowanikwa mukukonana kweBosnia," inonyora CIVIC. "Kana iwe ukatarisa kuGeneva Konferensi, zvese zvinotaridzika kunge zvakanaka, asi ukatanga kuzvishandisa, zvese zvinokanganisika." Vakabvunzurudzwa vakati mutsauko unoguma wakakosha ndewedzinza nechitendero, kwete zvevanhu uye zvehondo.
Ehe izvo zvinonzwika kune magweta e "iyo mitemo yehondo" senge yakaipa nyaya yehondo yechinyakare inoda kusimukira. Asi ihondo iri yehutsinye, kwete degree rayo rekugadziridzwa zviri pamutemo. Fungidzira zano rekuti kupa chikafu kana mushonga kana imwe rubatsiro kumurwi kunoita kuti uve murwi akakodzera kupondwa. Haufanire kupa chikafu kana mamwe masevhisi kune vamwe vanhu? Kupa masevhisi akadai chinhu chinoramba kuita zvehana nekuda kwehana pane kuenda kujeri. Kana uchinge waita madhimoni kubata boka revanhu sevanhu, hausisiri kubata nemutemo zvachose, nehondo - yakachena uye yakapusa.
Yasvika nguva yekuti magweta ehondo abatanidze Rosa Brooks pakukanda nguva yerunyararo pamwe chete pamwe nevowo muve nerunyararo, kana nevapikisi vezvisarudziro pakukanda nguva yehondo uye pamwe neayo kutora chikamu muhondo kana gadziriro yehondo.
