NaNicolas JS Davies, April 15, 2019
Sangano reUnited States rakatanga kutaurirana pamusoro pebhadharo remauto eFY2020. The FY2019 bhajeti nokuti Dhipatimendi rekuUnited States reUnited States iri $ 695 madhora emadhora. Mutungamiri Trump chikumbiro chebhajhini nokuti FY 2020 yaizowedzera ku $ 718 bhiriyoni.
Kupedza nedzimwe sangano reDhipatimendi rinowedzera kudarika $ 200 mabhiriyoni kusvika kuhuwandu hwe "nyika yezvigadziro" bhajeti ($ 93 mabhiriyoni kuVeterans 'Affairs; $ 16.5 mabhiriyoni kuDhipatimendi reMagetsi nekuda kwezvombo zvenyukireya; $ 43 mabhiriyoni kuDhipatimendi reHurumende; uye $ 52 mabhiriyoni kuDhipatimendi reHomeland Security).
Nhamba idzi hazvirevi chikwereti pamatare eUnited States akashandiswa kubhadhara hondo dzakapfuura uye kuvaka mauto, izvo zvinowedzera mari chaiyo yeU.S. Military-Industrial Complex kudarika madhora zviuru zvitatu pagore.
Zvichienderana neipi yemari iyi inonzi kushandiswa kwemauto, ivo vatodya kare pakati pe53% ne66% ye federal discretionary kushandiswa (kubhadhara chikwereti hachisi chikamu chekuverenga ichi nokuti havazi discretionary), vachisiya chetatu chete chenguva yekushandisa kwezvinhu zvose zvimwe.
Pamusangano waApril 4th NATO muWashington, iyo US yakamanikidza vabatsiri vayo veNATO kuti vawedzere mari yavo yemauto kusvika pa2% yeGDP. Asi a July 2018 chikamu naJeff Stein mu Washington Post akafuratira iyo mumusoro waro ndokuongorora kuti US ingakwanisa sei kubhadhara zvakawanda zvezvisizvo zvese zvehutano hwevanhu panzvimbo kuderedza yedu pachake kushandiswa kwemauto kusvika ku2% yeGDP kubva kune yayo zvazvino 3.5% -4%. Stein akaverenga kuti izvo zvaizoburitsa madhora mazana matatu emadhora pagore kune zvimwe zvinokosheswa nenyika, uye akaongorora dzimwe nzira dzaigona kushandiswa nemari idzodzo, kubva mukudzima chikwereti chevadzidzi uye kupa mari kosi yemahara uye yepasi rose K-dzidzo kubvisa hurombo hwevana uye kushaya pekugara.
Zvichida kugadzira fungidziro yemwero, Jeff Stein akataura Brian Riedl weManhattan Institute, uyo akaedza kudira mvura inotonhorera papfungwa yake. "Haisi nyaya yekutenga mabhomba mashoma," Riedl akamuudza. "United States inoshandisa zviuru zana zvemadhora pamasoja kubhadharisa - senge mihoro, dzimba (uye) nezvehutano."
Asi Riedl akanga asingadi. Ndiyo chete yechisere yeiyo post-Cold Hondo inowedzera mumashandisirwo euto reUS ndeyemubhadharo uye mabhenefiti emauto eUS. Kubva zvakashandiswa nemauto eUS zvakadzikira mu1998 mushure mekupera kweCold war, inflation-yakagadziriswa "Vashandi" mitengo yakangokwira neinenge 30%, kana $ 39 bhiriyoni pagore. Asi Pentagon iri kushandisa $ 144.5 bhiriyoni pa "Kutenga" kwendege nyowani dzehondo, ndege dzehondo uye zvimwe zvombo nemidziyo. Izvo zvinodarika zvakapetwa kaviri zvayakashandisa muna 1998, kuwedzera kwe124% kana $ 80 bhiriyoni pagore. Nezve dzimba, Pentagon yakadambura mari yedzimba dzemhuri dzechiuto neanopfuura 70%, kungo chengetedza $ 4 bhiriyoni pagore.
Chikamu chikuru chemashandisirwo emauto i "Operation and Maintenance," izvo zvino zvinoita $ 284 bhiriyoni pagore, kana 41% yebhajeti rePentagon. Ndiyo $ 123 billion (76%) kudarika muna 1998. “RDT & E” (tsvagiridzo, kusimudzira, kuyedza & kuongorora) inowana mamwe madhora mabhiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri, 92% kana $ 72 bhiriyoni yakawedzera pamusoro pa39. (Idzi nhamba dzese dzakagadziriswa inflation, uchishandisa iyo Pentagon "yega dhora" yakaenzana kubva kuFY1998 DOD Green Book.) Saka mambure anowedzera mumitengo yevashandi, kusanganisira dzimba dzemhuri, account yemadhora zviuru makumi matatu nemashanu, imwe yechisere yemadhora mazana mazana maviri nemasere emadhora pagore inokwira mukushandisa kwemauto kubvira 35.
Chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuwedzera mari paPentagon, kunyanya muzvinhu zvakadhura zvikuru "Operation and Maintenance" chikamu chebhajheti, chave chiri chirongwa chekugadzirisa mabasa anowanzoitwa nemauto ehurumende kumabhizimisi ehurumende "vatengesi". yave isati yambove yekare yechitima chikwata chemazana e-for-profit corporations.
A 2018 kudzidza neCongressal Research Service yakawana kuti inoshamisa madhora mazana masere emakumi masere emamiriyoni emadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora FY380 Pentagon bhajeti yakaguma iri muhomwe yemakontrakita emakambani. Chikamu che "Operation and Maintenance" bhajeti chakaburitswa chakura kubva pa 605% muna 2017 kusvika pa 40% yemari hombe yanhasi - mugove wakakura wepayi yakakura kwazvo.
Vakuru vezvombo zvekuAmerica vese vakagadzira, vakagadzirira uye zvino vanobhadhara zvikuru kubva kune iri bhizimisi idzva remufananidzo. Mubhuku ravo, Top Secret America, Dana Priest naWilliam Arkin vakaratidza kuti General Dynamics, yakatangira uye yakakonzera yakawanda yenyaya yayo Barack Obama vashandi, mhuri yeCrown yaChicago, yakashandisa kushambadzira kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kuti ive yekutengeserana kukuru kwemasangano eT IT kuhurumende yeUnited States.
Mupirisita naArtkin vakatsanangura kuti makoratikiti ePentagon akaita seGeneral Dynamics akashandura kubva kungoita zvombo zvekutamba inobatanidza basa mukuita zvechiuto, kuuraya kwakanangwa uye nyika nyowani yekutarisa. "Shanduko yeGeneral Dynamics yaive yakavakirwa pazano rimwe chete," vakanyora kuti: "Tevedza mari."
Priest naArkin vakaratidza kuti vagadziri vezvombo zvikuru vakawana mugove weshumba wezvibvumirano zvitsva zvinowanisa mari. "Pamakambani chiuru nemazana mapfumbamwe kana kupfuura anoshanda pazvibvumirano zvepamusoro zvakavanzika pakati pa1,900, 2010 muzana yebasa yakaitwa ne90% (6) yavo," Priest naArkin vakatsanangura. "Kuti unzwisise kuti mafemu aya auya sei kuzotonga nguva yapfuura-110/9, hapana imwe nzvimbo yekutarisisa kupfuura… General Dynamics."
Chisarudzo cheTrump Dynamics board nhengo Jenerali James Mattis seChinyorwa chake chekutanga chekudzivirira chakasimudzira musuo unosvika pakati pemakwikwi epamusoro ehondo, varimi vezvombo uye matavi ehurumende ehurumende anotsvaga urongwa huno hutsika hwehutungamiri hwehurumende. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo Mutungamiri Eisenhower akanyevera vanhu veAmerica vachipikisa mutauro wake wekutaura muna 1960, apo akagadzira izwi rokuti "Military-Industrial Complex."
Zvokuita?
Kusiyana naReded, William Hartung, mutungamiriri weArms uye Security Project paCent for International Policy, akaudza Washington Post kuti kupera kwakanyanya mumari yemari Jeff Stein kwaifunga kwete kungwara. "Ndinofunga zvine musoro maererano nekudzivirira nyika," akadaro Hartung, "Kunyangwe iwe uchizoda zano rekuzviita."
Urongwa uhwu hunofanira kutanga kubva kuongororwa kwemaziso e67%, kana $ 278 mabhiriyoni pagore, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezvigadziriswa mumari yemari pakati pe1998 ne2019.
- Ndezvipi zvekuwedzera uku kwechikonzero chevatungamiri veUnited States kuti vashandire hondo dzakaipa muAfghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, Libya, Siria neYemen?
- Uye zvinokonzerwa neiko zvemauto-zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi zvinokonzera hurumende iyi kuti iwane mari mune zvido-mazita ezvombo zvehondo zvitsva, mari dzehondo uye dzimwe zvombo zvehurumende uye chitendero chakaipa chekushambadzira kwekambani ndatove ndatsanangura?
Bipartisan 2010 Sustainable Defence Task Force yakagadzirirwa neCongressman Barney Frank mu2010 yakapindura mibvunzo iyi panguva iyo 2001-2010, achifunga kuti chete 43% yemari yemari yekuwedzera yakabatana nehondo hondo dzeUnited States dzakanga dzichirwisana, asi 57% dzakanga dzisingabatanidzi nehondo dzezvino.
Kubva 2010, apo America inopfuurira uye yakatowedzera yakawanda yayo air war uye covert operations, yakadzosa kumusha mauto ayo kubva kuAfghanistan neIraq, ichipa zvigaro zvepamusoro uye masimba ekurwa kwepasi kune masimba ekumanikidzwa. IFY2010 Pentagon bhajeti yaiva $ 801.5 bhiriyoni, mabhiriyoni mashoma chete anonyara Bush's $ 806 bhiriyoni FY2008 bhajeti, post-WW II rekodhi. Asi muna2019, mari yechiuto yekuUS ingori $ 106 bhiriyoni (kana 13%) yakaderera pane muna 2010.
Kuputsika kwekucheka kudiki kubvira 2010 kunoita kuti zvive pachena kuti chikamu chakatokwirira chemashandisirwo emauto anhasi hachisi chehondo. Nepo mashandiro eOperation neKuchengetedza akadonha ne15.5% uye Mari yekuvaka Mauto yakadzikira ne62.5%, bhajeti rePentagon reProcurement uye RDT & E rakangodimburwa ne4.5% kubvira panhongonya ya2010 yekuwedzera kwaObama muAfghanistan. (Kamwe zvakare, aya manhamba ari ese mu "FY2019 Constant Dollars" kubva kuPentagon's DOD Green Book.)
Saka mari zhinji inogona kutemerwa kubva kubhajeti remauto nekungoshandisa zvakakomba kurangwa kunozvishamisa kwemauto munzira yaanoshandisa mari yenyika yedu. Pentagon yatofunga kare kuti inofanirwa pedyo 22% yezvigaro zvaro zvemauto kuU.S. uye kumativi ose enyika, asi mazana emadhora emadhora ayo Trump neCongress vanoramba vachifashura mabhuku avo vakavakurudzira kuti vabvise mazana ekuvhara mabhesi.
Asi kuchinja hurumende yeUnited States neyekune imwe nyika inoda zvinopfuura kungovhara zvigaro zvisingakwanisi uye kurwisa kupararira kwakashata, kunyengera uye kushungurudzwa. Mushure memazana e20 emakondo, ndiyo nzira yapfuura yekubvuma kuti mhirizhonga ine utsinye iyo US yakagamuchira kushandisa nzvimbo yayo se "simba guru" shure kwekuguma kweCold War, uyezve kupindura kune mhosva yaSeptember 11th, yave iri kukundikana kwakaipa uye kweropa, zvichiita kuti nyika iwedzere kuipa kunze kwekuti vaAmerica vasava nengozi.
Saka US inosanganawo nekunyoreswa kwemitemo yekunze kune imwe nyika inokonzerwa nekuzvipira mutsva kubatanidzwa venyika dzakawanda, diplomacy uye mutemo wemitemo yenyika. Iko US isingateereri pamutemo kutyisidzira uye kushandiswa kwesimba sezvo nyika yedu inonyanya kushandiswa kwehurumende yezvigadzirisheni inotyisa kune nyika yose kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzose dzeAmerica dzakarwisa kubva ku2001 dzakambosvika kuUnited States.
Asi kana Mhare-Industrial Complex inoshandisa zvigadziro zvenyika yedu kurwisana nehondo dzinoparadza kana kungoisa zvigaro zvayo, kuchengetedza mamiriyoni emadhora emadhora anoshandisa mari kupfuura manomwe kusvika gumi inotevera mhirizhonga huru munyika yose yakaiswa pamwechete inogadzira dambudziko risingaperi. Like Madeleine Albright pane Clinton shanduko yevanhu mu1992, hurumende itsva dzeUnited States dzinopinda mubasa dzichibvunza, "Ndeipi kunaka kwekuva nehondo iyi inonakidza iwe unogara uchitaura kana tisingabvumirwi kuishandisa?"
Nokudaro huripo chaihwo hwehondo iyi yehondo uye nheyo dzakagadziriswa kuitira kuti zviitike kuti zvive kuzvizadza, zvichiita kuti kuve nekunyengera kunokonzerwa neUnited States uye saka inofanira kuedza kusimudzira zvido zvayo zvezvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza kune dzimwe nyika nevanhu vari pasi pose.
A Progressive Foreign Foreign Policy
Saka chii chingave chinopfurikidza, kufambira mberi kweUnited States mutemo kwakafanana?
- Kana United States yaifanira kutevedzera iyo kurega hondo se "chishandiso chemutemo wenyika" mu1928 Kellogg Briand Pact uye kurambidza kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwesimba UN Charter, rudzi rweDhipatimendi reZviviri ringadi kudii? Mhinduro yacho iri pachena: Dhipatimendi kudzivirira.
- Kana iyo US yakagadzirirwa kuita hurukuro yakawanda neRussia, China neimwe nyika ine nyukliya-zvombo zvehondo kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zvibvise zvombo zvenyukireya, sezvavakatovabvumirana nazvo Nyukliya Isina Kupindirana Mutemo (NPT), nokukurumidza sei US inogona kupinda muChristmas 2017 pa Kurambidzwa kweNyukliya Weapons (TPNW), kubvisa zvachose chinotyisa chinotarisana nesu tose? Mhinduro iyi zvakare inoratidza pachena: nokukurumidza zviri nani.
- Kana isu tisingachashandise mauto edu nezvombo kutyisidzira chisimba zvisiri pamutemo kune dzimwe nyika, ndeapi eedu mabhajeti-ekuparadzira zvombo masisitimu atinogona kugadzira nekuchengetedza muhuwandu hushoma? Uye ndezvipi zvatingaite pasina zvachose? Iyi mibvunzo yaizoda imwe yakajeka uye yakaoma-isina mhuno yekuongorora, asi inofanirwa kubvunzwa - uye kupindurwa.
Phyllis Bennis weInisiti yePurojekiti Yezvidzidzo yakatanga kutanga kupindura mimwe yemibvunzo iyi pane chinangwa chepamutemo mune imwe August 2018 chikamu in Mune Zuva yakanzi, "Bold Yekunze Policy Platform yeiyo Nyowani Wave yeVamiriri Vemitemo." Bennis akanyora kuti:
"Bumbiro rezvekunze rinofambira mberi rinofanirwa kuramba hutongi hwemauto nehupfumi hweUS uye pachinzvimbo chekubatana kwepasi rose, kodzero dzevanhu, kuremekedza mutemo wepasi rese uye kupa mukana wekutaurirana pamusoro pehondo."
Bennis akaronga:
- Dzakanyanyobvumirana nehutano nekusawirirana neRussia, China, North Korea neIranese;
- Kubvisa NATO senzvimbo isina kusimba uye ine ngozi yeCold War;
- Kupedzisa kuzvizadzisa kwechisimba uye chishuvo chakasunungurwa neAmerica "Hondo Nekutyisa" yeAmerica.
- Kupedzisa US rubatsiro rwemauto ehurumende uye kusingabatsiri kwechibvumirano chekutsigira Israeri;
- Kugumisa kupindira kwemauto kweUS Afghanistan, Iraq, Siriya neYemen;
- Kugumisa kutyisidzirwa kweUnited States uye zvigadziro zvezvematongerwe enyika zvinopikisa Iran, North Korea neVenezuela;
- Kudzorera hutambo hwekufamba kwehukama hweUnited States neAfrica uye Latin America.
Kunyangwe isina danho rekufambira mberi repamutemo raizoshandura humo hweUS huripo hwemauto, Barney Frank's 2010 Sustainable Defence Task Forceyakatemwa kutemwa kweanosvika tiririyoni dhora pamakore gumi. Nhoroondo huru yezvaikurudzira yaive:
- Kugadzirisa US masimba enyukireya ku1,000 hondo yenyukireya pa7 submarines uye 160 Minuteman mishaya;
- Kuderedza simba remauto akawanda ne50,000 (nekutora zvishoma kubva kuAsia neEurope);
- Chikepe che230 chikepe, uye 9 "guru-mbatya" dzevatakureti (isu iye zvino tine 11, pamwe ne2 iri kuvakwa uye 2 yakawanda pamusoro pechirongwa, pamwe ne9 duku "shamhu yepamusoro" kana kuti helicopter carrier);
- Maviri mashoma Air Force mapapiro;
- Tenga dzimwe nzira dzingabhadhara mari kune F-35 fighter, MV-22 Osprey vertical take-off plane, Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle uye KC-X air tanker;
- Kuchinja top-heavy mapurisa emitemo (mumwe mukuru kana mutongi kune 1,500 mauto mu2019);
- Kuchinja kwehutano hwehutano hwehutano.
Saka zvakadini zvataigona kupedza kubva kubhadharo rezvematongerwe enyika rezvematongerwo enyika mumamiriro ekutenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwenyika kuUnited States mutemo uye nekuzvipira kutsva kwekutonga kwemutemo wenyika dzakawanda?
IU.S. yakagadzira uye yakagadzira hondo yehondo kuti ityisidzire uye iite maitiro ehondo anonyadzisa chero kupi zvako munyika. Iyo inopindura matambudziko, chero kupi kwavari uye kusanganisira matambudziko yakazvisika pachayo, nekuzivisa kuti "zvose zvingasarudzwa zviri patafura," kusanganisira kutyisidzira kweuto rehondo. Iko kutyisidzika kwepamutemo, kuputsa kwe UN Charter kudzivisa kukanganisa kana kushandisa simba.
Vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vezvematongerwo enyika vanopembedza kutyisidzira kwavo nekushandisa kwavo simba nekuzviti vanofanira "kudzivirira zvido zveUS zvakakosha" Asi, semupi wezano wezvemitemo weUK akaudza hurumende yake panguva yedambudziko reSuez muna 1956, "Chikumbiro chezvinhu zvakakosha, icho chave chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvehondo munguva yakapfuura, ndicho chaicho icho (UN) Charter yaida kusabvisa sechikonzero chekupindira kwevarwi imwe nyika. ”
Imwe nyika iri kuyedza kumisikidza kuda kwayo kune nyika nevanhu pasi rese nekutyisidzira uye kushandiswa kwesimba hakusi mutemo wemutemo - ndizvo imperialism. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofambira mberi uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanofanirwa kuomerera kuti United States inofanira kurarama nemitemo inosunga yemutemo wepasi rose uyo zvizvarwa zvakapfuura zvevatungamiriri veUS nevatungamiriri venyika vakabvumirana nazvo uye nekutonga kwatinoita mamwe maitiro enyika. Seizvo nhoroondo yedu ichangoburwa inoratidza, imwe nzira ndeyekufungidzira kudzikira mumutemo wesango, nemhirizhonga inogara ichikura uye nyonganiso munyika nenyika.
mhedziso
Chokutanga pane zvose, kubvisa zvombo zvenyukireya kuburikidza nemitemo yakawanda uye zvibvumirano zvisingabvumirwi hakusi kungoita. Inokosha.
Tevere, ingani "hombe-dhiketi" yenyukireya-inofambiswa nendege dzinotakura dzatinoda kuti tidzivirire mhenderekedzo dzedu pachedu, titore mushandira pamwe mukuchengetedza nzira dzepasirese dzekutakura dzakachengeteka uye kutora chikamu mumisangano yeUN yekuchengetedza runyararo? Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu ndiyo nhamba yatinofanira kuchengeta nekuchengetedza, kunyangwe iri zero.
Kuongorora kwakaomarara kwakaomeswa kunofanirwa kuiswa kuchinhu chimwe nechimwe mubhajeti remauto, kubva pakuvhara mabheseni kusvika pakutenga mamwe eakavapo kana matsva ezvombo zvombo. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi yese dzinofanirwa kunge dzakavakirwa pane zvinodiwa nenyika yedu zviri pamutemo, kwete pane wezvematongerwo enyika weUS kana vavariro dzekuti "vakunde" hondo dzisiri pamutemo kana kukomberedza dzimwe nyika mukuda kwavo nehondo yezvehupfumi uye "sarudzo dzese dziri patafura" kutyisidzira .
Iyi shanduko yeUS yekune dzimwe nyika uye yekudzivirira mutemo inofanirwa kuitwa neziso rimwe pane chinyorwa cheMutungamiri Eisenhower kunyarara kwekutaura. Hatifanire kubvumidza shanduko yakakosha yemuchina wehondo weUS kuva Dhipatimendi reDziviriro zviri pamutemo kuti itungamirirwe kana kushatiswa ne "simba risingabvumirwe" reMauto-Maindasitiri Complex.
Sokutaura kwakaita Eisenhower, "Kungwarira chete uye ruzivo rwevagari venyika ndirwo runogona kumanikidza kurongeka kwakakodzera kwemaindasitiri makuru nemauto ekudzivirira nenzira dzedu nerunyararo, kuitira kuti chengetedzo nerusununguko zvibudirire pamwechete."
Kutenda musangano unozivikanwa weMedare For All, nhamba inowedzera yeAmerica ikozvino inonzwisisa kuti nyika dzine hutano hwehutano zvirwere zvoutano zviri nani kupfuura maU.S. pandaipedza bedzi hafu yatinopedza on healthcare. Dhipatimendi rakakodzera rekudzivirirwa richapawo zvakajeka mitezo yemitemo yekunze kwekunze kwete kwehafu yezvakabhadharwa zvemari yedu yezvino-bhaganisheni yehondo.
Nhengo imwe neimwe yeChishanu inofanirwa kusarudza kurwisana nemugumo wekupedzisira webhadharo, yakaora uye inotyisa yebhayiti yehondo yemari. Uye sechikamu chekuvandudzika kunofambira mberi uye kwepamutemo kweUnited States mutemo nekuchengetedza, mutungamiri anotevera weUnited States, chero ani zvake angave aripo, anofanirwa kuita kuti ave chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuvhara mauto eUnited States nema50%.
Nicolas JS Davies ndiye munyori we Ropa Pamakumbo edu: America Inopinda uye Kuparadza kweIraq, uye yechitsauko che "Obama Muhondo" mu Kugovera 44th Mutungamiri. Iye muongorori weCODEPINK: Vakadzi veRunyararo, uye munyori wekuzvimiririra ane basa rakaburitswa zvakanyanya nevanozvimiririra, vasiri vemakambani enhau.
