Hondo yeChiratidzo Yokupedza Matombo Ehondo Yese

NaDavid Swanson

“Ndiani anotonga zvakapfuura, anotonga ramangwana. Ndiani anotonga zviripo anodzora zvakapfuura. " -Sara

Hurumende yeUnited States yasvika pakadzika yebhari. Zvakanga zvichitakura zvisikwa zvikwereti zvese zveNational Mall nezviyeuchidzo zvehondo dzose dzavaida kuzvibvuma, kusanganisira hondo kuVietnam neKorea, uye kusanganisira hondo mbiri dzepasi pose, vatungamiri vedu vanodikanwa vakasarudza kuti imwe Hondo yeHondo Yenyika I inodiwa, uye kuti ichavakwa muPerhing Park (inonzi 1981 yeHondo Yenyika I yekare panguva iyoyo ikozvino yakakanganwa zvakakwana).

Icho chingangodaro hachizovizve chakaberekwazve WWI vet pabhenji pamusoro, asi musoja wechidiki achifemera kubwinya kwevakapfuura vakauraya vakauraya.

Uku kukudzwa kutsva kwekuuraya kwevanhu kunofanirwa kupedzwa neArmistice Day 2018, kana izvo zvatinoziva iye zvino sepasinei neWarmistice Day, iyo Veterans Day. Icho chiratidzo chinonyanya. Pakutanga kwemazana emakore ekupedzisira kwehondo kupedzisa hondo dzose, zororo rorugare rwakashandurwa kuva zororo rehondo panguva yehondo yeKorea ichapembererwa neumambo hunoda kurumbidza hondo dzose dzekare kuti urambe uine hutsva.

Chirangaridzo cheWWI ndicho reductio ad absurdum chekukakavadzana kwekukudza hondo dzose. Apo Victor Berger akaratidza kuti vose WWI vakapa United States yaiva chirwere uye kurambidzwa, yakanga yakatotanga kusvika kuwedzera WWII uye mauto ezvigadzirwa zvemauto uye kudzvinyirirwa kweMiddle East iyo ingashushwa kusvikira nhasi kune iyo rwandu. Asi vanhu veUnited States vakabvumirana naye. Kunyangadza kwepaguru kwakagadzira nguva yakanyanya rugare muruzi rweUnited States achitevera armistice. Hurumende yeUnited States yakamanikidzwa nechisarudzo chinoita kuti vatungamirire mukurambidza zviri pamutemo hondo dzose ne Kellogg-Briand Pact, iyo ichiri pamabhuku. Chido cheveruzhinji zvakare chakapotsa chagadzira chinodikanwa chereferendamu yeruzhinji United States isati (zvisiri pamutemo) kutanga hondo - nhanho ingangove yakachinja zvakanyanya makore zana apfuura.

Iripi chirangaridzo kune avo vakaenda kujeri kwekutaura vachipesana nehupengo hwe "Hondo Huru"? Ndekupi kunyangwe ruzivo rwekutanga nezvekuti Hondo yakatengeswa sei, uye kuti yakanzwisiswa sei kana yapera? Hapana chemhando yacho chinowanikwa pane iyo Website yeavo vanoita monument. Manyepo aWoodrow Wilson nezve Lusitania uye utsinye hweGermany muBelgium hwakagadzira nyika yemazuva ano yezvakaitika zvehondo uye yakatungamirira mukusahadzika kwakapararira, kusina kufanana sezvazvakaitika, yezvakaitika zvekare zvematambudziko eNazi. Asi vanhu vane chinangwa chokuyeuka hondo apo hondo dzave dzakwegura zvokuti hazvirevi chero chinhu chingareva chimwe cheizvi. Ichokwadi, ivo chete dzokorora Malarkey yaWilson isina kutaura, sekunge yaive nehukama neicho chakanyatsoitika. Izvi zvingave sekuveza Carin Powell's UN Speech kuenda kuchirangaridzo cheHondo yeIraq muna 2103, izvo zvandine chokwadi kuti zvakatorongwa kare. Quoth Wilson:

“Pasi rose rinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuti riwane hutongi hwejekerere. Runyararo rwayo runofanira kudyarwa panheyo dzakaedzwa dzerusununguko rwematongerwo enyika. Hatina magumo eudyire ekushandira. Hatidi kukunda, hapana kutonga. Hatitsvage kuzviwanira pachedu, hapana muripo wezvekubaira wezvibairo zvatinozoita pachena. Isu tiri asi vamwe vevatsigiri vekodzero dzevanhu. Tichagutsikana kana kodzero idzodzo dzave kuchengetedzwa sekutenda uye rusununguko rwemarudzi rwunogona kuzviita…. Icho chinhu chinotyisa kutungamira ava vanhu vane runyararo muhondo, kupinda mune inotyisa uye ine njodzi muhondo dzese, budiriro pachayo inoita kunge iri muchiyero. Asi kodzero yakakosha kupfuura rugare, uye ticharwira zvinhu izvo zvatagara tichiendesa padyo nemoyo yedu - yedemokrasi, yekodzero yeavo vanozviisa pasi pechiremera kuti vave nezwi muhurumende dzavo, nekuda kwekodzero uye rusununguko rwemarudzi madiki, kutonga kwese kwese nekonisheni yevanhu vakasununguka sekuunza runyararo nekuchengeteka kumarudzi ese uye kuita kuti nyika pachayo ive nerusununguko. ”

Izvi zvakaitika shure kwekunge Wilson apinda musarudzo zvenhema achivimbisa rugare, uye pakarepo mushure mekunge vamiriri veUnited States kuGreat Britain, Walter Hines Page, vakatumira tambo kuna Wilson musi waMarch 5, 1917, kuverenga muchikamu:

"Kuda kwekuuya kwekutambudzika uku, ndine chokwadi, ndapfuura simba reMorgan mari yehurumende yehurumende dzeBritain neFrance. Zvinhu zvinokosha zvezvemari zveAllies zvakanyanya zvikuru uye zvinokurumidzira chero sangano rega rega rinofanira kutarisa, kune rimwe sangano rakadaro rinofanira kusangana nemakwikwi emabhizimisi uye kupesana kwechikamu. Hazvireviki kuti nzira chete yekuchengetedza nzvimbo yedu yepamusoro yekutengeserana uye yekudzivisa kutya ndeyokuzivisa kurwisana kuGermany. "

Apo rugare rwakagadzirwa neGermany kupera Hondo Yenyika I, Mutungamiri Wilson nevashamwari vake vakaranga vanhu vose veGermany, vachitungamirira vazhinji vanocherechedza vakangwara kunyatsofanotaura Hondo Yenyika II. Jane Addams, ED Morel, John Maynard Keynes, uye vamwe vakafanotaura kuti kuvimbiswa kwakasimba kwechibvumirano kwaizotungamirira kuhondo itsva. Vanoratidzika kunge vakarurama. Inosanganiswa nedzimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira Western kufanirwa kweNazism pamusoro peKomonisiti, uye kukwikwidza kwemauto kukura, kutsamwa kwakaipa muGermany kwakatungamirira kuhondo itsva. Ferdinand Foch vakati chibvumirano chakanga chisinganyanyi kuGermany uye saka chaizogadzira hondo itsva, iyo ndeyechokwadi zvakare kana munhu achifunga kuti mukana wekuparadza zvachose Germany kana chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo naizvozvo. Woodrow Wilson akafanotaura kuti kukundikana kweUnited States kubatana neLigi yeMarudzi kunotungamirira kuhondo itsva, asi zviri kure nekusajeka kuti kubatana neLigi kwaizodzivirira hondo.

Vanoremekedzwa, uye vachikudza Wilson saObama wenguva yake, vagadziri vedu veshongwe vanongotora zvakataurwa naWilson pane zvaakaita: "Inofanirwa kuve rugare pasina kukunda ... Kukunda kwaizoreva runyararo rwakamanikidzwa kune iye akarasikirwa, mazwi emukundi akaiswa pamusoro akakundwa. Izvo zvaizotambirwa mukunyadziswa, pasi pekumanikidzwa, pachibairo chisingatsungiririki, uye zvaizosiya rumborera, chigumbu, ndangariro inoshungurudza pamusoro payo mazwi erunyararo aizozorora, kwete zvechigarire, asi sekunge pajecha. Runyararo pakati pevakaenzana chete ndirwo rungagare. ” Sevanozvipira kumutungamiri wedu wazvino vangati: zvirinani aiziva izvo zvaaifanira kunge akaita, uye ndizvo zvakakosha.

Runyararo parwakauya, Wilson akachengeta mauto eUS muRussia kuti arwisane nevaSoviet, kunyangwe hazvo zvanga zvichitaurwa kuti mauto eUS aive muRussia kuti vakunde Germany uye vatore zvinhu zvakaenda kuGerman. Sénata Hiram Johnson (P-CA) vakataura zvine mutsindo nezvekutanga kwehondo: "Munhu wekutanga kukuvara kana hondo yauya, ichokwadi." Iye zvino aive aine chekutaura nezve kukundikana kupedza hondo apo chibvumirano cherunyararo chakange chasainwa. Johnson akashora kurwa kuri kuenderera mberi muRussia uye akataura kubva ku Chicago Tribune payakati iyo chinangwa chaive chekubatsira Europe kutora chikwereti cheRussia.

Iyo webhusaiti yekuyeuchidza inoratidza inonaka sarudzo yeWWI poster. Kwete "anopenga brute" inoratidzira maGerman senge ape. Hakuna Jesu achigadzirira pasi pfuti yake kuna Mwari. Uye iro basa reWWI mukugadzira iyo yekusingaperi propaganda yehondo yekutsigira nyika yakajairwa haina kufunga hyped: "Star Spangled Banner" yakava rwiyo rwenyika kuridzwa pamitambo panguva yeHondo Yenyika I, nokudaro ichimutsidzira, zana ramakore mushure meHondo ya1812, imwe hondo isina musoro yakazounza United States kunze kwekufa, chirwere, uye kutsva. guta guru.

Ini ndoda kutenda Sam Husseini kuti andinyeverise nezve chokwadi chekuti vanhu veWWI monument vakaita musangano nevatori venhau, wavakapinda, kuNational Press Club neChitatu. Heino Audio yezvavakamuudza paakasimudza zvinonetsa. Panzvimbo pekukurukura izvo pasi rose pfungwa yehondo ingadai yakave, zvinoita sekunge vagadziri veshongwe vakafungidzira zvakakwana vakataura nezve "hukama" hwemauto. Asi Sam paakabvunza kana hukama ihwohwo hwakawedzera kune mamwe marudzi, sezvazvakaita panguva yeKisimusi Truce, vakapindura nekutaura nezve hukuru hweUnited States. Heino chidimbu:

"Uye kutarisa mifananidzo kubva kuVietnam uye kune madingindira aunoona ... kubva kuWWI yenzira iyo vanhu vanotsigirana uye nemabatiro anoita gakava kune wese munhu. Asi uyu mukana unonakidza chaizvo nekuti ndiyo yekutanga nzvimbo yeUnited States. . . .

"Iyo pfungwa yehukama inopfuura nyika?"

“Zvakanaka, hongu, ndinoreva kuti munondibvunza kuti chii chiri kukonzera pano. Hakusi kukudzwa kwehondo yatiri kubata nayo pano, iko pakupedzisira kukudzwa kwevanhu uye kuuya pamwechete kweaya marudzi akasiyana eUnited States. Nekudaro, muzvinyorwa hapana kana chimwe chete chimiro chakapatsanurwa, chiverengero chimwe nechimwe chakabatana pamwe chete nevamwe. Izvi zviri kubata mamwe manhamba kana ivo vari kutarisana. Iko hakuna pfungwa yekuzviparadzanisa kana wega. Ndozvakawanda zvechirevo chemazuvano. Saka kudzokera kune iyo pfungwa yekuti kune iyi pfungwa yekubatana mune zvakasikwa, iyi pfungwa yekurongeka. "Uye ndizvo zvakaita zororo ..."

"Mubvunzo wangu waive wekuti hukama hwehukama hwakamanikidzwa nenyika uye unoita kunge urikutaura kuti ndizvo."

"Kwete, handisi kutaura izvozvo."

Nekudaro, sezviri pachena mushanduro nyowani yeHondo Yenyika I mauto nemauto zvakange zvatobatanidzwa, uye kufamba kwekodzero dzevanhu kwaisazodiwa, uye hapana aisungwa? Ini chaizvo handairamba chiyeuchidzo chakanyatsoitika munhoroondo yekuenderana kwemarudzi nekusiyana. Kana zvirizvo zvinofungwa nevarume ava, ndinoti: zvivake! Ingosiya Hondo Yenyika I, OK?

Dhizaini yekukunda yakavakirwa yainzi "Kurema kweChibairo." Iyo tembere kune chibairo chevanhu. Hunyengeri huchave hwekuita kuti vanhu muzana rino ramakumi maviri nemasere vatende kuti chibairo chevanhu chaive nechinangwa chakanaka - uye kuti chingave zvakare. Usambofa wakarerutsa simba re propaganda.