NaColonel (Retired) Ann Wright, Runyararo Voice
Pakurinda kwaNovember 20, 2016 kunze kwemagedhi eFort Leavenworth, Kansas, vatauri vakasimbisa kukosha kwekumanikidzwa mumavhiki matanhatu anotevera kuna Mutungamiri Obama, vasati vabva pachigaro. January 19, 2017 kubvumidza tsitsi kune weUS Army whistleblower Private First Kirasi Chelsea Manning. Magweta aManning akaisa Chikumbiro cheClemency munaNovember 10, 2016.
Chelsea Manning anga ari mujeri kwemakore matanhatu nehafu, matatu ari muhusungwa asati atongwa uye matatu kubva mukutongwa kwake muna 2013 nedare redzimhosva rekuba uye kuparadzira mapeji e750,000 ezvinyorwa nemavhidhiyo kuWikileaks mune izvo zvakatsanangurwa sehukuru. kuburitswa kwezvinyorwa munhoroondo yeUS. Manning akawanikwa aine mhosva makumi maviri pamhosva makumi maviri nembiri dzaaipomerwa, kusanganisira kutyora mutemo weUS Espionage Act.
Manning akatongerwa makore makumi matatu nemashanu mujeri.
Vatauri pamurindiro waive pamberi peFort Leavenworth vaisanganisira Chase Strangio, gweta uye shamwari yaChelsea; Christine Gibbs, muvambi weTransgender Institute muKansas City; Dr. Yolanda Huet-Vaughn, aichimbova chiremba weUto reUnited States akaramba kuenda kuGulf War I uye akatongerwa dare remauto ndokutongerwa mwedzi 30 mujeri, iyo yaakapedza mwedzi 8 ari muLeavenworth; Brian Terrell akapedza mwedzi mitanhatu ari mujeri remubatanidzwa nekuda kwekupikisa chirongwa chemuurayi weAmerica paWhiteman Air Force Base;
Peaceworks Kansas City murwiri werunyararo uye gweta Henry Stoever; naAnn Wright, akasiya basa US Army Colonel (makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muArmy and Army Reserve) uye aimbove mumiriri weUS akasiya chigaro muna 29 achipokana nehondo yaBush kuIraq.
Kurinda uku kwakashevedzwa mushure mekuedza kwechipiri kuzviuraya kwaChelsea mukati mejeri remauto reLeavenworth. Mumakore matanhatu nehafu aave ari mujeri, Manning akapedza rinoda kusvika gore ari muchitokisi chake oga. Ongororo yeUnited Nations pamusoro pekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe paQuantico Marine base, iyo yaisanganisira kumanikidzwa kubvisa hembe husiku hwese, yakatsanangura mamiriro ake "sehutsinye, hutsinye, uye hunonyadzisa."
Muna 2015, Manning akatyisidzirwa kuvharirwa ega zvakare mushure mekunge apomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo kusanganisira kuchengeta chubhu yemushonga wemazino wakapera basa muchitokisi chake uye kuva nekopi ye Vanity Fair. Vanhu vanodarika zviuru zana vakasaina gwaro rekupikisa mhosva idzi. Manning akawanikwa aine mhosva asi haana kuiswa ega; pachinzvimbo, akatarisana nemavhiki matatu ekuganhurirwa kupinda mujimu, raibhurari, uye kunze.
Dzimwe mhosva mbiri dzaisanganisira "midziyo inorambidzwa" uye "maitiro anotyisidzira." Manning akapihwa mvumo yekuve nenzvimbo iyi, gweta rake Strangio akadaro, asi anonzi akaishandisa nenzira yakarambidzwa achiedza kumuuraya. Hazvina kujeka kuti vamwe vasungwa vekuFort Leavenworth vangazosangana nemhosva dzakafanana dzekutonga here mushure mekuyedza kuzviuraya, kana kuti "maitiro emhosva, uye hukasha hwavanga vachipomerwa, hwakasiyana naye," akadaro Strangio.
Musi waChikunguru 28, Hondo zvakaziviswa yanga ichifunga kukwidza mhosva nhatu dzekutonga dzine chekuita nekuyedza kuzviuraya, pakati pavo inyaya yekuti Manning akaramba "chikwata chemauto chekufambisa" panguva kana mushure mekuedza kwake kuzviuraya, sekureva kwe official charge sheet. Asi magweta aManning anoti mutengi wavo angadai asina kuramba nekuti akafenda apo vakuru vakuru vakamuwana muchitokisi chake kuFort Leavenworth kuKansas. Magweta ake uye Mauto haana kutaura kuti akaedza sei kuzviuraya.
Mushure mekusungwa kwake muna 2010, nyakuridza muridzo aimbozivikanwa saBradley Manning akabatwa nechirwere ichi dysphoria, mamiriro ekutambudzika kwakanyanya kunoitika kana chitupa chemunhu chisingaenderane nebonde rake rekubereka. Muna 2015, akamhan'arira Mauto kuti abvumidzwe kutanga kurapa kwehomoni. Nekudaro, sekureva kwemagweta ake, Mauto haana mamwe matanho ekumubata semusungwa wechikadzi. "Akaona kuderera kwake kwehutano hwake hwepfungwa zvichikonzerwa nekuramba achiramba kubata kwake dysphoria sechinhu chinoenderera," gweta rake Chase Strangio akadaro.
Gweta raManning rakaisa Chikumbiro cheCremency https://www.chelseamanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Chelsea-Manning-Commutation-Application.pdf
musi waNovember 10, 2016. Chikumbiro chake chepeji matatu chinokumbira kuti Mutungamiri Obama abvumire tsitsi kupa Chelsea mukana wekutanga kurarama "hupenyu chaihwo, hune chinangwa." Chikumbiro ichi chinoti Chelsea haina kumbobvira yaita zvikonzero zvekuburitsa zvinyorwa kune vezvenhau uye kuti akabvuma mutoro pakutongwa nekubvuma mhosva pasina kubatsirwa kwechibvumirano chekukumbira icho magweta ake akati chaive chiitiko chisina kujairika cheushingi mune imwe nyaya yakaita seyake.
Chikumbiro ichi chinoti mutongi wemauto akange asina nzira yekuziva kuti chii chinonzi chirango chakanaka uye chine musoro sezvo pakanga pasina nhoroondo yenyaya. Uyezve, chikumbiro chacho chinoti mutongi wemauto “haana kuonga mamiriro akaita Ms. Manning mhosva idzi. Amai Manning vakachinja hunhu. Paakapinda muchiuto akanga ari, semunhu mukuru wechidiki, achiedza kunzwisisa manzwiro ake nenzvimbo munyika,” uye kuti vazhinji vevarwi biyake VaManning vakamutsvinyira nokumudheerera nokuti “akanga akasiyana.” "Kunyange tsika dzechiuto dzave nani kubva ipapo, zviitiko izvi zvakamukanganisa mupfungwa uye mupfungwa zvichitungamira kuburitswa."
Chikumbiro chekuti kubva pakasungwa Chelsea anga achitambudzwa ari muchitokisi, kusanganisira kuvharirwa kwegore ari ega achimirira kutongwa, uye kubva pakubatwa kwake nemhosva, akaiswa muchitokisi chake ega kuti aedze kuzviuraya. United Nations yakatanga kurwisa kushandiswa kwekuvharirwa munhu ari ega. Sokutsanangura kwakaita aichimbova mumiriri chaiye weUN pamusoro pokutambudzwa, Juan Mendez, “[kupfigira munhu ari oga] muitiro wakarambidzwa muzana ramakore rechi 19 nemhaka yokuti wakanga une utsinye, asi wakadzoka mumakumi mashomanene amakore apfuura.”
Chikumbiro ichi chikumbiro chekuti “Vatungamiriri ava vanofanira kufunga nezvemamiriro emujeri raAmai Manning, kusanganisira nguva inokosha yavakapedza vari mujeri kwavo voga, sechikonzero chokuderedza mutongo wavo kuti ugare wakasungwa. Vatungamiri vedu vemauto vanowanzotaura kuti basa ravo rakanyanya kukosha nderekuchengeta nhengo dzebasa ravo, asi hapana muuto akambochengeta Amai Manning zvechokwadi…Ms. Chikumbiro chaManning chine musoro - ari kungokumbira nguva yekupihwa mutongo - izvo zvichazomubvisa pamachati nekuda kwemhosva yerudzi urwu. Achasiiwa nemimwe mhedzisiro yekubatwa nemhosva, kusanganisira kuburitswa muhusungwa, kudzikiswa kwechinzvimbo, uye kurasikirwa nemabhenefiti emurwi. "
Chikumbiro ichi chinoenderera mberi ichiti, “Hurumende yakapambadza mari yakawanda pakuchuchisa kwaMuzvare Manning, kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kwemwedzi yakati wandei izvo zvakazoita kuti vape mutongo wekuti havana mhosva panyaya dzakakomba zvikuru, uye kurwisana nekuedza kwaMuzvare Manning kuti varapwe. uye kurapwa kwevakadzi dysphoria. Akapedza makore anopfuura matanhatu ari muchitokisi nokuda kwemhosva iyo mune imwe gadziriro ipi neipi yekutonga yakabudirira ingadai yakaparira makore mashomanene enguva yetorongo.”
Inosanganisirwa muchikumbiro ichi chirevo chine mapeji manomwe kubva kuChelsea kuenda kubhodhi chinotsanangura chikonzero nei akataura ruzivo rwakasiyana uye dysphoria yake yechikadzi. Chelsea yakanyora kuti: “Makore matatu apfuura ndakakumbira ruregerero rune chekuita nemhosva yangu yekuburitsa pachena ruzivo rwakasiyana uye rumwe ruzivo kune vezvenhau nekuda kwenyika yangu, vanhuwo zvavo vasina mhosva vane hupenyu hwakarasika nekuda kwehondo, uye nekutsigira maviri. hunhu hunokosheswa nenyika yedu- pachena uye kuzvidavirira kuruzhinji. Pandinofunga nezvechikumbiro chekare chekunzwirwa tsitsi ndinotya kuti chikumbiro changu hachina kunzwisiswa.
Sezvandakatsanangurira mutongi wemauto akatungamirira kutongwa kwangu, uye sezvandakaita
yakadzokororwa mukutaura kwakawanda kubva pakaitika mhosva idzi, ndinotora mutoro wakazara uye wakakwana wesarudzo yangu yekuburitsa zvinhu izvi kuruzhinji. Handina kumbobvira ndaita zvikonzero zvezvandakaita. Ndakabvuma mhosva ndisina kudzivirirwa kwechibvumirano chekukumbira nekuti ndaitenda kuti mauto ekutonga aizonzwisisa chikonzero changu chekufumura uye kunditongera zvakanaka. Ndakarasika.
Mutongi wemauto akanditongera kugara mujeri kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu—kupfuura zvandaisambofungira, sezvo pakanga pasina muenzaniso wekare wemutongo wakanyanya kudaro pasi pezvinhu zvakafanana. Vatsigiri vangu nemagweta ezvemitemo vakandikurudzira kuti ndiendese chikumbiro chekundinzwira tsitsi nekuti vaifunga kuti mhosva yacho pamwe chete nemutongo wandisati wambopihwa waive usina musoro, wakashata uye waipesana nezvandakanga ndaita. Ndiri mukuvhunduka, ndakakumbira ruregerero.
Ndigere pano nhasi ndinonzwisisa kuti sei chikumbiro chisina kuitwa. Kwakanga kwakurumidza, uye betsero yakakumbirwa yakanga yakanyanyisa. Ndingadai ndakamirira. Ndaida nguva yekutora rutendo, uye nekufungisisa nezvezviito zvangu. Ndaidawo nguva yekuti ndikure uye kuti ndikure semunhu.
Ndave ndakavharirwa kwemakore anopfuura matanhatu - nguva refu kupfuura chero munhu anopomerwa mhosva
mhosva dzakafanana dzakamboitika. Ndapedza maawa asingaverengeki ndichiongororazve zviitiko izvozvo, ndichiita senge ndisina kuzivisa zvinhu izvozvo uye saka ndakasununguka. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekusabatwa zvakanaka kwandakaitwa ndiri muhusungwa.
Mauto akandichengeta ndiri ndoga kwerinenge gore ndisati ndapomerwa mhosva. Chakanga chiri chiitiko chinonyadzisa uye chinodzikisira - icho chakashandura pfungwa dzangu, muviri uye mweya. Kubva ipapo ndakaiswa muchitokisi changu ndega senzira yekuranga munhu aedza kuzviuraya zvisinei nekuedza kuri kukura- kunotungamirwa neMutungamiriri weUnited States- kumisa kushandiswa kwekuvharirwa wega kune chero chinangwa.
Zviitiko izvi zvakandishungurudza uye zvakaita kuti ndinzwe ndiri pasi pemunhu.
Ndave ndichirwira kwemakore kuti ndibatwe zvine ruremekedzo uye nechiremera; hondo yandinotya yaparara. Handinzwisise kuti sei. Hutongi uhwu hwakashandura mauto kuburikidza nekudzoserwa kumashure kwe "Usabvunze Usaudze" uye nekupinzwa kwevarume nevakadzi ve transgender mumauto. Hameno kuti ndingadai ndaiva chii dai mitemo iyi yaitwa ndisati ndapinda muHondo. Ndingadai ndakajoinha here? Ndingadai ndichiri kushanda mubasa rinoshanda here? Handikwanise kutaura chokwadi.
Asi chandinoziva ndechekuti ndiri munhu akasiyana zvakanyanya nezvandaiva muna 2010. Handisi Bradley Manning. Handina kumbobvira ndadaro. Ini ndiri Chelsea Manning, mukadzi anodada ari transgender uye uyo, kuburikidza nechikumbiro ichi, ari kukumbira neruremekedzo mukana wekutanga muhupenyu. Ndinoshuva kuti dai ndakasimba uye ndakura zvakakwana kuti ndizive izvi kare ikako.”
Zvinosanganisirwawo tsamba kubva kuna Colonel Morris Davis, aimbova Muchuchisi Mukuru weMakomisheni eMasoja kuGuantanamo kubva muna 2005 kusvika 2007 uye akasiya basa pane kushandisa humbowo hwakawanikwa nekurwadziswa. Aive zvakare mukuru weUS Air Force Clemency Board uye Parole Chirongwa.
Mutsamba yake yemapeji maviri Colonel Morris akanyora, "PFC Manning yakasaina zvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza izvo zvandakaita uye pane mhedzisiro yekutyora zvibvumirano izvozvo, asi mhedzisiro yacho inofanirwa kuve yakanaka, kururamisira uye zvichienderana nekukuvadza. Chinonyanya kutariswa chekutonga kwemauto kuchengetedza kurongeka kwakanaka uye chirango, uye chikamu chakakosha cheizvozvo kudzivirira. Ini ndinoziva nezvemurwi, mutyairi wengarava, mutyairi wendege kana Marine anotarisa makore matanhatu-pamwe chete PFC Manning akavharirwa uye anofunga kuti angade kutengesa nzvimbo. Iyi inguva chaiyo yenguva iyo PFC Manning akavharirwa kuQuantico pasi pemamiriro eUN Special Rapporteur on Torture akanzi "hutsinye, husimbe uye hunonyadzisa" uye zvakakonzera kusiya basa kwemutauriri weDhipatimendi reHurumende PJ Crowley (Colonel, US Army, pamudyandigere) mushure mekunge adaidza kurapa kwaPFC Manning “kunosetsa uye kunopesana uye kupusa. Kudzikisa mutongo wePFC Manning kusvika kumakore gumi hakuzokonzerese kuti chero nhengo yebasa ifunge kuti chirango chakareruka zvekuti zvingave zvakakodzera kutora njodzi mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. "
Uyezve, kune maonero enguva refu muuto rekurapa kwakasiyana. Mutsara wandakanzwa kakawanda kubva panguva yandakapinda muAir Force muna 1983 kusvika panguva yandakasiya basa muna 2008 yaive "yakasiyana siyana yenzvimbo dzakasiyana." Ndinoziva kuti hazvibviri kufananidza nyaya, asi zvakanaka kana zvisizvo pane fungidziro yekuti vakuru vemauto nevakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoburitsa ruzivo vanowana zvibvumirano zvepamoyo apo vashandi vechidiki vanorohwa. Pakave nemhosva dzepamusoro-soro kubva pakatongerwa PFC Manning iyo inobatsira kusimudzira pfungwa iyi. Kudzikisira mutongo waPFC Manning kusvika kumakore gumi hakuzodzime pfungwa iyi, asi zvinounza nhandare padyo padanho. "
Pentagon Papers whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg akanyorawo tsamba yakabatanidzwa mupetition package. Ellsberg akanyora kuti kwaive kutenda kwake kwakasimba kuti PFC Manning "yakafumura zvinyorwa nechinangwa chekuzivisa vanhu vekuAmerica nezvekutyorwa kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevanhu kusanganisira kuurayiwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva nemauto eUnited States muIraq. Aitarisira kutanga nhaurirano munharaunda yedu yegutsaruzhinji nezve kuenderera mberi kwehondo yaaifunga kuti yakanga isiriyo uye yaikonzera zviito zvisiri pamutemo… Ms. Manning atoshanda makore matanhatu. Iyi inguva refu kupfuura mumwe munhu upi noupi ari munhau yeUnited States.”
Tsamba yakabva kuna Glenn Greenwald, aimbove gweta rebumbiro kubva kuNew York uye mutori wenhau pa The Intercept, uyo akazeya nyaya dzekuridza muridzo, kusununguka kwevatori venhau, kubuda pachena, kuongorora uye National Security Agency (NSA) akaiswawo muPetition for Clemency. Greenwald akanyora kuti:
“Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti, kuoma kwedambudziko reChelsea mumakore akati wandei apfuura kwakasimbisa hunhu hwake. Pose pandinenge ndichitaura naye nezveupenyu hwake hwemujeri, haatauri chinhu kunze kwetsitsi nekunzwisisa kunyange kuvarindi vake vejeri. Haana zvigumbu uye zvichemo zvinowanzoitika kunyange kune avo vane hupenyu hwakaropafadzwa, ndoda avo vakatarisana nekushayiwa kukuru. Zvakaoma kutenda kune avo vasingazive Chelsea- uye kunyangwe kune isu tinoziva asi nguva yakareba yaave ari mutirongo, anowedzera tsitsi uye ane hanya nevamwe.
Ushingi hweChelsea hunozviratidza. Hupenyu hwake hwese- kubva pakujoinha chiuto nekuda kwekunzwa basa uye kugutsikana; kuita zvaaiona sechiito cheushingi zvisinei nenjodzi; kubuda semukadzi akachinjirwa kunyangwe ari mutirongo rechiuto- chiratidzo cheushingi hwake. Haisi kuwedzeredza kutaura kuti Chelsea igamba kune, uye yakafuridzira, marudzi ese evanhu pasi rese. Kwese kwandinoenda munyika kuti nditaure nezve pachena, kuratidzira uye kupokana, vateereri vakazadzwa nevadiki nevakuru vanobva vaombera maoko kwakasimba nekungotaurwa kwezita rake. Anonyanya kurudziro kunharaunda dzeLGBT munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira idzo uko kuita ngochani, uye kunyanya trans, kuchiri nengozi. "
Mutungamiri Obama vachange vachisiya chigaro mumavhiki matanhatu. Tinoda masaini 100,000 kuti tiwane chikumbiro chevanhu pamberi peMutungamiri Obama chekuti vabvumire chikumbiro cheChelsea cheClemency. Tine 34,500 masiginicha nhasi. Tinoda 65,500 mamwe kuburikidza December 14 yechikumbiro chekuenda kuWhite House. Wedzera zita rako! https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/commute-chelsea-mannings-sentence-time-served-1
Imwe Mhinduro
Petreus uye bhimbo rake. Nuff akadaro.