100 Makore Okushandisa Hondo Kuedza Kupedza Hondo Yese

NaDavid Swanson

Uyu Kubvumbi 4 ichave makore zana kubva apo Seneti yeUS yakavhotera kuzivisa hondo kuGerman uye makumi mashanu kubvira Martin Luther King Jr. akataura achipesana nehondo yeVietnam (makumi mana nemapfumbamwe kubvira paakaurayiwa pamutambo wekutanga wekutaura). Zviitiko zviri kuve rakarongwa kutibatsira kuti tiedze pakupedzisira tidzidze zvidzidzo, kuti tifambe mberi, kwete muVietnam chete, asi hondo.

Iko kuzivisa kwehondo kuGermany kwakanga kusiri kwehondo inoumba hurukuro imwe chete inonyanya kukosha yekuvaraidza kweAmerica uye nhoroondo. Yaiva yehondo yakauya pamberi payo. Iyi yakanga iri Hondo Yenyika, hondo yekugumisa hondo dzose, hondo isina iyo mamiriro ehondo inotevera yaisazovapo.

Zvakare zvinorondedzerwa muna Michael Kazin's Hondo Yehondo: Hondo yeAmerica yeRugare 1914-1918, hurumende huru yekutenda yakanga ine ruzivo rwezvakawanda zveUnited States. Apo hondo yakazoguma (shure kwekuti maU.S. ainge aive mairi kune 5% urefu hwehondo kuA Afghanistan kusvika zvino) anenge anenge munhu wose akazvidemba. Kurasikirwa muhupenyu, chikwata, kusavimbika, pfuma, hurumende yehurumende, democracy, uye hutano hwakanga husingaiti. Rufu, kuparadzwa, chirwere cheruruva, kurambidzwa, hurumende yekusingaperi uye mitero kuti uende nayo, pamwe nekufanotaura kweHondo Yenyika II: idzi dzaive migumisiro, uye vanhu vazhinji vakayeuka kuti vakanga vanyeverwa, uyewo kuti kuguma kwehondo yose kwakanga kwavimbiswa.

Vaiti vezvematongerwo enyika vainge vanyevera hurumende yeUnited States kuti irege kubva muhondo (kwete kunze kwekune dzimwe nyika, kunze kwekuuraya-kuuraya kune dzimwe nyika). Uye ivo vakanga vakarurama. Kuzvidemba kwaiva kwakasimba uye kwakagara. Yakaramba ichitsvaga kusvikira mhirizhonga yakaipisisa yeHondo Yenyika I yakauya nenzira yeHondo Yenyika II. Panguva iyoyo, kuzvidemba kwakatsiviwa nekukanganwa. Hondo Yenyika I yakabviswa kubva munhoroondo yakakurumbira, uye iyo mwana pa steroid yaipembererwa pane kuchema, uye yakambopembererwa nekuremekedzwa kukuru kubva ipapo.

Ruzhinji rukuru runyararo rwe hondo yakadzingwa mu1928, yakanga yapararira, mainstream, uye vane hasha pamberi pa1917 zvakare. Nhengo dzeAnwarwar Congress dzakapinda muCongressal Record rekodhi yemafashama etsamba uye zvikumbiro zvavakagamuchira vachikurudzira kuti US igare isiri muhondo. Mapoka erunyararo akaita mafambiro nemisangano, vakatumira nhume kuEurope, vakasangana nemutungamiri wenyika, uye vakasundidzira kuda vhoti yakakurumbira pasati yatanga chero hondo, vachitenda kuti veruzhinji vanovhota hondo pasi. Hatife takaziva, nekuti vhoti haina kumbotorwa. Panzvimbo iyoyo, United States yakasvetukira kuhondo, nokudaro ichidzivirira kugadziriswa kwekutaurirana uye kugadzira kuhwina kwakazara kuchiteverwa nechirango chakaipisisa cherutivi rwakarasikirwa - iwo chaiwo huni hweNazism, pamwe neiyo fascism yeItaly, humambo hweJapan, uye Sykes-Picot kuveza kuMiddle East kunodiwa kwazvo nevagari venharaunda iyoyo nanhasi.

Chiratidziro chehondo chehondo chakatarisana neUS muna 1916 chaisanganisira saizi yemhando stegosaurus iyo yaimiririra mhedzisiro inouraya yekuve nezvombo zvinorema asi isina huropi. Pfungwa yekugadzirira hondo kuti uwane runyararo, iyo nhasi iri nyore commonsense, yakawanikwa yakawanda seyakanyanya kuseka, sezvo Washington nekutsvinya yakatevera "kugadzirira." Morris Hillquit, shasha yemagariro - chimwe chinhu chaBernie Sanders asina chiuto chemuzana ramakore rechi21 - akabvunza kuti sei nyika dzeEurope, dzakazvishongedza zvizere kuti dzidzivise hondo, hadzina kuzvidzivirira. "Inishuwarenzi yavo yekurwisa hondo yakazove nyaya yakaipa yeinopfuura-inishuwarenzi," akadaro. Iwe unogadzirira zvehondo, uye iwe unowana hondo - zvinoshamisa zvakakwana.

Woodrow Wilson akakunda reelection papuratifomu yehondo, uye haaigona kunge akaikunda neimwe nzira. Mushure mekusarudza zvehondo, haana kukwanisa kusimudza mauto kuti arwe hondo yake pasina gwaro. Uye iye aisakwanisa kutsigira chinyorwa pasina kusunga vanhu vaitaura vachipesana nazvo. Akaona kune avo vanoramba chiuto nekuda kwehana vakatambudzwa zvine hutsinye (kana, sekutaura kwedu nhasi, vakabvunzurudzwa). Asi zvakadaro vanhu vakaramba, vakasiya, vakanzvenga, uye nechisimba vakarwa nevashandirwi nezviuru. Huchenjeri hwekuramba hondo hwakanga husiri kushayikwa. Izvo hazvina kungoteverwa nevaya vane simba.

Kunzwisisa kuti hondo inofanira kupera, iyo yakasvika pakukwirira kwayo zvichida muZ1920 uye 1930s, yakaona chimwe chinhu chekudzoka pane izvo veVietnam vakadana neAmerican War. Martin Luther King haana kurondedzera hondo yakasiyana kana hondo iri nani, asi asiya shure kwehondo yose. Kuziva uku kwawedzera kunyange sezvo veVietnam Syndrome vanyanyisa uye hondo yakasikwa. Iye zvino, pfungwa yeUnited States yakakurumbira ishoma yekupesana.

mune nguva ichangopfuura, 66% yevanhu vari muUnited States vari kunetseka kuti US ichapinda muhondo huru mumakore mana anotevera. Nekudaro, iyo US iri kuita hondo dzinoverengeka izvozvi izvo zvinofanirwa kutaridzika kunge zvakakura kune vanhu vari kurarama kuburikidza nazvo, hondo idzo dzakakonzera dambudziko rakakura kwazvo revapoteri parizvino papasi uye dzakatyisidzira kutyora marekodhi akafanana enzara. Uye zvakare, 80% yeruzhinji rweUS mune imwecheteyo sarudzo vanoti vanotsigira NATO. Iko kune 50/50 kupatsanurwa pane kuti uvakezve mamwe ma nukes. Rushoma ruzhinji runoda kurambidza vapoteri vari kutiza hondo. Uye pamusoro makota matatu yeDemocrates vanotenda, nokuda kwechikamu pane zvigaro zvechimiro, kuti Russia haifaniri kuva shamwari kana muvengi. Pasinei nenyevero dzevakachenjera kwemakore anopfuura zana, vanhu vachiri kufungidzira kuti vanogona kushandisa zvirongwa zvehondo kudzivisa hondo.

Chinhu chimwe chingatibatsira kutichengetedza kubva kune dzimwe hondo chiso cheTrump chave kuiswa pahondo. Vanhu vanovenga Russia nekuti vanovenga Trump vangangopokana nehondo dzaTrump nekuti vanovenga Trump. Uye avo vari kushingairira kutsigira vapoteri vangangodawo kubatsira kupedza mhosva dzinogadzira vapoteri.

Panguva iyi, matangi eGermany zvakare rinopfungaira takananga kumuganhu weRussia, uye pachinzvimbo chekukumbira kutsoropodzwa kubva kumapoka akaita saAnn Frank Center, sezvakaitwa nguva pfupi yadarika kurwisa anti-Semitism yaDonald Trump, vakasununguka veUS vanowanzoombera kana kudzivirira chero kuziva.

Chimwe chinhu ndechechokwadi: hatingazopona mamwe makore e100 ezvo. Nguva refu zvisati zvadaro, tichazofanira kuedza chimwe chinhu. Tichafanira kuenderera kunze kwehondo kune kusagadzirisa kusagadzirisa kusagadzikana kwehondo, rubatsiro, kupindirana, kusagadzikana, kubatana, uye kutonga kwemutemo.

World Beyond War kuri kuronga zviitiko kwose kwose, kusanganisira aya:

Kuyeuka Hondo Yekare. . . uye Kudzivirira Izvozvi

April 3rd ku NYU, New York, NY. (tsanangudzo TBA)
Vatauri: Joanne Sheehan, Glen Ford, Alice Slater, Maria Santelli, David Swanson.

April 4, 6-8 pm Busboys uye Vanyori, 5th uye K Streets NW, Washington, DC
Vatauri: Michael Kazin, Eugene Puryear, Medea Benjamin, David Swanson, Maria Santelli.

Dai 25, 6-8 pm, Koret Auditorium, San Francisco Public Library, 100 Larkin St, San Francisco, CA.
Vatauri: Jackie Cabasso, Daniel Ellsberg, David Hartsough, Adam Hochschild.