ndi Michelle Shephard, November 19, 2017
kuchokera The Toronto Star
Izi ndi zoona zenizeni, komanso zophweka zokha, za momwe zinthu zilili ku Yemen: Dzikoli lavutika ndi mliri wa kolera woipitsitsa kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono ndipo anthu alibe chakudya.
Kolera imafalikira ndi madzi oipa, omwe tsopano akupezeka m’madera ambiri a dziko lino. Anthu oposa 2,000 amwalira. Bungwe la World Health Organisation likuyerekeza kuti padzakhala anthu miliyoni pakutha kwa chaka.
Kusowa kwa chakudya tsopano kuli ponseponse. Mitengo yazakudya yakwera kwambiri, chuma chatsika, ndipo ogwira ntchito m'boma sanalipidwe pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, zomwe zakakamiza ma Yemeni opitilira 20 miliyoni, kapena pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu, kudalira thandizo.
Mwezi uno, gulu lankhondo lotsogozedwa ndi Saudi lidayimitsa zambiri zothandizira kulowa mdzikolo poletsa ma eyapoti, madoko ndi malire. Mwachionekere kutsekerezako kunali kuletsa kutumiza zida. Koma njira zozembetsa anthu mosaloledwa zimatsimikizira kuyenda kwa zida, ndipo ndi chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafuta omwe akusungidwa.
Atsogoleri a mabungwe atatu a UN - World Food Program, UNICEF ndi World Health Organisation - adapereka mawu ogwirizana Lachinayi akunena kuti ma Yemeni mamiliyoni asanu ndi awiri, makamaka ana, ali pafupi ndi njala.
Ana amene amafa ndi njala salira; ali ofooka kwambiri amachoka mwakachetechete, imfa zawo nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika poyamba m'zipatala zodzaza ndi odwala.
Umenenso ndi kufotokozera koyenera kwa kufa pang'onopang'ono kwa Yemen.
"Si za ife - tilibe mphamvu zoletsa nkhondoyi," atero a Sadeq Al-Ameen, wogwira ntchito ku likulu la Yemen, ponena za anthu otopa ndi nkhondo komanso ogwira ntchito akutsogolo omwe atopa.
"Ngakhale mayiko apadziko lonse ... akupereka madola mamiliyoni ambiri," akutero Al-Ameen, "Yemen sichitha pokhapokha ngati nkhondo itasiya."
Ndipo pali ena amene safuna kuti izi zileke.
Kufotokozera Yemen ngati nkhondo yoyimira pakati pa Saudi Arabia ndi Iran ndizosavuta, komanso sizolondola.
"Tikuyang'ana nkhani yosavuta iyi, yodziwika bwino ndipo lingaliro la nkhondo yoyimira ndi chinthu chomwe anthu angamvetse - gulu X limathandizira anyamatawa ndipo gulu Y limathandizira anyamatawa," atero a Peter Salisbury, mlembi wa pepala lomwe likubwera la Chatham House pa Yemen. chuma chankhondo.
"Chowonadi ndichakuti muli ndi magulu angapo osiyanasiyana, lililonse lili ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndikumenyana pansi wina ndi mnzake."
Mavuto omwe alipowa adayamba kumapeto kwa 2014, pomwe zigawenga za Houthi zidalanda likulu la boma la Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi. Hadi adakhalapo pampando potsatira ziwonetsero za "Arab Spring" mu 2011 ndi 2012, zomwe zidachotsa Purezidenti Ali Abdullah Saleh patatha zaka makumi atatu akulamulira mwankhanza.
A Houthi, gulu lachisilamu lachi Shiite la gulu la Zaydi, adayamba zaka 13 zapitazo m'chigawo chakumpoto cha Saada ngati gulu lazaumulungu. (Gululi limatchedwa dzina la woyambitsa gululi, Hussein al-Houthi.) Saleh adawona a Houthi ngati chovuta ku ulamuliro wake, ndipo adakumana ndi mavuto osaneneka ankhondo ndi zachuma.
Liwiro lomwe adalanda likulu zaka zitatu zapitazo adadabwitsa akatswiri ambiri. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2015, Hadi adathawira ku Saudi Arabia ndipo a Houthi anali ndi ulamuliro pa mautumiki akuluakulu ndikupitirizabe kusonkhanitsa mphamvu.
Mwamgwirizano wodabwitsa wothandizana nawo, adalumikizana ndi Saleh ndi omwe adachotsedwa m'boma lomwe adali ndi mphamvu, motsutsana ndi magulu ankhondo a Hadi a Saudi.
Salisbury anati: “Achoka ku mapiri 25 zaka 13 zapitazo kufika pa masauzande kapena masauzande ambiri a amuna ogwira ntchito pansi poyang'anira zinthu zonsezi. "Akuuzidwa, muli kumbuyo ndipo ndi nthawi yoti musiye, zomwe m'maganizo mwanga mukayang'ana mbiri yawo, njira yawo, sizimawerengeka."
Nkhondoyi yapha anthu pafupifupi 10,000.
Kuwukira kwa Saudi Arabia motsutsana ndi a Houthis kwakhala kosalekeza - zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mantha a mgwirizano wa Iran ndi Houthis komanso chiyembekezo champhamvu cha Iran mderali.
Koma kubweretsa mtendere ku Yemen sikungodutsa kugawikana kwa Saudi-Iranian, akutero Salisbury. Ndizokhudza kumvetsetsa osati ulamuliro wa Houthis, komanso chuma chonse chankhondo ndikufikira iwo omwe apindula ndi mikangano.
"Magulu ambiri osiyanasiyana amalamulira madera osiyanasiyana a dziko ndipo kuwongolera kumeneku kumawalola kuchita malonda amisonkho," akutero. "Timafikira mumkhalidwe woterewu womwe umakhala wodzikuza, pomwe anyamata omwe adatenga zida zankhondo, mwina pazifukwa zandale, mwina chifukwa cha ndale, tsopano ali ndi ndalama ndi mphamvu zomwe analibe nkhondo isanayambe ... tikukambitsirana nawo, ndiye nchiyani chomwe chimawalimbikitsa kusiya zida zawo ndi zinthu zatsopano komanso mphamvu zawo?"
Wolemba mabuku wa ku Toronto komanso pulofesa Kamal Al-Solaylee, yemwe analemba zokumbukira za kukula ku Sanaa ndi Aden, akuti kutopa kwachifundo ndi chinthu china chomwe chimawonjezera mavuto a Yemen.
"Ndikuganiza kuti Syria yatha mphamvu, zaumwini komanso zaboma. Sindikudabwa ndi kukula kwa nkhondo kumeneko,” akutero. "Komanso ndikuganiza kuti ngati Yemen idatsogolera Syria, palibe chomwe chingasinthe. Yemen si dziko lomwe mayiko akumadzulo ndi anthu amawaganizira - osati pa radar yawo. "
Salisbury amavomereza kuti zomwe zimachitika ku Yemen sizimawunikidwanso chimodzimodzi zankhondo kwina.
"Phunziro lomwe Saudis aphunzira ndiloti akhoza kuthawa zambiri zikafika ku Yemen," akutero, pafoni kuchokera ku London. "Atha kuchita zinthu zomwe dziko lina likadakhala kuti likuchita mwanjira ina kukanakhala kudandaula kwa mayiko, pangakhale zochitika ku Security Council, koma pamenepa izi sizikuchitika chifukwa cha mtengo wa mayiko akumadzulo ndi mayiko ena. ubale wawo ndi Saudi Arabia. "
Mabungwe othandizira akuchenjeza kuti Yemen ikhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri lothandizira anthu pazaka makumi angapo. Lachisanu, mizinda itatu ya Yemeni inatha madzi oyera chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa Saudi kwa mafuta ofunikira popopera ndi ukhondo, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) inati.
Mliri wa kolera waposa ngozi ya ku Haiti ya 2010-2017 kuti ikhale yaikulu kwambiri kuyambira pomwe zolemba zamakono zinayamba ku 1949, nyuzipepala ya Guardian inati.
Al Ameen, yemwe amadziona kuti ndi m'gulu la anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi mwayi wolipidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yake mkati mwa Sanaa, akumvetsetsa momwe ndale zikuwonekera, koma onse omwe amachitira umboni kutsogolo kwavutoli ndi anthu wamba omwe akuzunzidwa.
"Ndizowawa kwambiri kuwona mabanja opanda chiyembekezo," akutero, poyankhulana pafoni ndi Sanaa sabata ino. “Ndakumana ndi anthu amene ali ndi kolera kapena matenda ena. Kodi mungayerekeze bambo, yemwe ana ake asanu ndi atatu ali ndi kachilombo ndipo iye ndi wosauka kwambiri?”
Al Ameen akuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amagwira ntchito m'zipatala za boma agwira ntchito kwa miyezi yambiri osalipidwa, chifukwa cha ntchito, koma amayamba kuopa mabanja awo komanso moyo wawo.
"Anthu alibe chiyembekezo," Al Ameen akutero ponena za momwe ku Yemen kulili. "Ndikuganiza kuti tidzanyalanyazidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi mayiko ndi dziko lapansi."
