Wolemba Vijay Prashad, The Tricontinental, May 9, 2022
Okondedwa,
Moni kuchokera pa desk la Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research.
Malipoti awiri ofunikira adatulutsidwa mwezi watha, osapeza chisamaliro chomwe akuyenera. Pa 4 Epulo, Gulu Lachitatu la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Working Group III lipoti idasindikizidwa, kudzutsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa Mlembi Wamkulu wa United Nations, António Guterres. Lipoti, iye anati, 'ndi mndandanda wa malonjezo osweka a nyengo. Ndi fayilo yamanyazi, ndikulemba malonjezo opanda kanthu omwe amatiyika ife panjira yopita ku dziko losatheka kukhala moyo'. Ku COP26, mayiko otukuka analonjeza kuti awononge ndalama zokwana madola 100 biliyoni kuti athandize Adaptation Fund kuti athandize mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano, pa 25 Epulo, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) idatulutsa chaka chilichonse lipoti, kupeza kuti ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo zapadziko lonse zidaposa $2 thililiyoni mu 2021, nthawi yoyamba yomwe zidapitilira $2 thililiyoni. Anthu asanu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri - United States, China, India, United Kingdom, ndi Russia - adatenga 62 peresenti ya ndalamazi; United States, payokha, imawononga 40 peresenti ya ndalama zonse zankhondo.
Pali ndalama zambiri zogulira zida zankhondo koma zochepera pang'ono kuti zipewe ngozi zapadziko lapansi.
Mawu akuti 'tsoka' sakukokomeza. Mlembi wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations a Guterres wachenjeza kuti 'tikuyenda mwachangu ku zovuta zanyengo ... Yakwana nthawi yoti tisiye kuwotcha dziko lapansi'. Mawuwa akuchokera pa mfundo zomwe zili mu lipoti la Gulu Lachitatu la Ntchito. Tsopano zatsimikiziridwa zolimba mu mbiri ya sayansi kuti udindo wa mbiri yakale wa chiwonongeko chochitidwa ku chilengedwe chathu ndi nyengo yathu uli ndi mayiko amphamvu kwambiri, otsogoleredwa ndi United States. Pali kutsutsana pang'ono pa udindo umenewu m'mbuyomo, zotsatira za nkhondo yankhanza yolimbana ndi chilengedwe yochitidwa ndi mphamvu za capitalism ndi colonialism.
Koma udindo umenewu umakhudzanso nthawi yathu ino. Pa 1 Epulo, kafukufuku watsopano anali lofalitsidwa in Lancet Planetary Health kusonyeza kuti kuyambira 1970 mpaka 2017 'mayiko olemera kwambiri ali ndi udindo wa 74 peresenti ya kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa zinthu padziko lonse, moyendetsedwa makamaka ndi USA (27 peresenti) ndi EU-28 mayiko olemera kwambiri (25 peresenti)'. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kumayiko aku North Atlantic kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe (mafuta oyambira, zitsulo, ndi mchere wopanda chitsulo). China ndi yomwe imayang'anira 15 peresenti yakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monyanyira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mayiko ena onse a Global South ali ndi 8 peresenti yokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso m'maiko opeza ndalama zochepa kumayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito biotic resources (biomass). Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe kumatiwonetsa kuti zinthu zochulukirapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Global South ndizongowonjezedwanso, pomwe zakumpoto kwa Atlantic sizingowonjezedwanso.
Kuchitapo kanthu kotereku kuyenera kukhala patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala zapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku Global South, ndipo zomwe adapeza zidatsutsana kwambiri pawailesi yakanema. Koma izo sizinayankhidwepo pang'ono. Zimatsimikizira motsimikiza kuti mayiko opeza ndalama zambiri a kumpoto kwa Atlantic akuwononga dziko lapansi, kuti akuyenera kusintha njira zawo, komanso kuti akuyenera kulipira ndalama zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera ndi kuchepetsa kuti athandize mayiko omwe sakuyambitsa vutoli koma omwe akuyambitsa vutoli. akuvutika ndi mphamvu zake.
Atafotokoza zimenezi, akatswiri amene analemba kalatayi ananena kuti ‘mayiko opeza ndalama zambiri ali ndi udindo waukulu wochititsa kuti chilengedwe chiwonongeke, choncho ali ndi ngongole kwa dziko lonse lapansi. Mayikowa akuyenera kutsogolera pakuchepetsa kwambiri kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chuma chawo kuti apewe kuipitsidwanso, komwe kungafune kusintha njira zosinthira pambuyo pakukula ndi kufalikira'. Awa ndi malingaliro osangalatsa: 'kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu' kenako 'njira zapambuyo pakukula ndi kuwonongeka'.
Mayiko aku North Atlantic - motsogozedwa ndi United States - ndi omwe amawononga kwambiri chuma chamagulu pazankhondo. Pentagon - asitikali ankhondo aku US - 'akadali ogula mafuta ambiri', limati Kafukufuku waku Brown University, 'ndipo chifukwa chake, m'modzi mwa otulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi'. Kuti United States ndi ogwirizana nawo asayine Pangano la Kyoto mu 1997, mayiko omwe ali mamembala a UN adayenera kulola kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya ndi asitikali kuchotsedwa mu lipoti ladziko lonse lokhudza mpweya.
Kuipa kwa zinthu zimenezi kungaonekere poyera poyerekezera ndi zinthu ziŵiri zandalama. Choyamba, mu 2019, United Nations anawerengedwa kuti kusiyana kwandalama kwapachaka kuti akwaniritse zolinga za Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kudafika $2.5 thililiyoni. Kutembenuza ndalama zapachaka za $ 2 thililiyoni pazowononga zankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi kupita ku ma SDGs zitha kuthandizira kwambiri kuthana ndi ziwawa zazikulu zokhuza ulemu wa anthu: njala, kusaphunzira, kusowa nyumba, kusowa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kuzindikira apa, kuti chiwerengero cha $ 2 triliyoni kuchokera ku SIPRI sichimaphatikizapo kutaya kwa moyo wonse kwa chuma cha anthu chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa opanga zida zapadera pa zida za zida. Mwachitsanzo, zida za Lockheed Martin F-35 zikuyembekezeka mtengo pafupifupi $2 thililiyoni.
Mu 2021, dziko lapansi linawononga ndalama zoposa $2 thililiyoni pankhondo, koma kokha zimayendetsedwa - ndipo ichi ndi chiŵerengero chowolowa manja - $ 750 biliyoni mu mphamvu zoyera ndi mphamvu zowonongeka. Zonse Msungidwe muzomangamanga zamagetsi mu 2021 zinali $ 1.9 thililiyoni, koma zochuluka za ndalamazo zidapita kumafuta (mafuta, gasi, ndi malasha). Chifukwa chake, ndalama zogulira mafuta opangira mafuta akupitilirabe ndipo ndalama zogulira zida zankhondo zikuchulukirachulukira, pomwe ndalama zosinthira ku mitundu yatsopano yamafuta oyeretsera zimakhalabe zosakwanira.
Pa Epulo 28, Purezidenti wa US Joe Biden anafunsa Bungwe la US Congress kuti lipereke $33 biliyoni kuti zida zankhondo zitumizidwe ku Ukraine. Kuyitanira kwa ndalamazi kumabwera limodzi ndi mawu omwe adanenedwa ndi Secretary of Defense wa US Lloyd Austin, yemwe anati kuti US sikuyesera kuchotsa asilikali a Russia ku Ukraine koma kuti 'awone Russia ikufooka'. Ndemanga ya Austin isakhale yodabwitsa. Zimatengera US policy kuyambira 2018, zomwe zaletsa China ndi Russia kukhala 'opikisana nawo pafupi'. Ufulu wa anthu sindiwo nkhawa; cholinga chake ndikuletsa zovuta zilizonse ku US hegemony. Pachifukwa chimenecho, chuma cha anthu chikutayidwa pa zida ndipo sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa mavuto a anthu.
Taganizirani mmene dziko la United States linachitira ndi a zambiri pakati pa Solomon Islands ndi China, oyandikana nawo awiri. Prime Minister waku Solomon Islands Manase Sogavare anati kuti mgwirizanowu unkafuna kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wamalonda ndi zothandiza anthu, osati nkhondo ya Pacific Ocean. Patsiku lomwelo lakulankhula kwa Prime Minister Sogavare, nthumwi zapamwamba zaku US zidafika ku likulu la dzikolo Honiara. Iwo adanena Prime Minister Sogavare kuti ngati aku China akhazikitsa mtundu uliwonse wa 'kuyika usilikali', United States 'idzakhala ndi nkhawa zazikulu ndikuyankha moyenera'. Izi zinali zoopseza chabe. Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, mneneri wa Unduna wa Zakunja ku China Wang Wenbin anati, 'Maiko a zilumba za ku South Pacific ndi mayiko odziimira okha, osati kumbuyo kwa US kapena Australia. Kuyesa kwawo kutsitsimutsa Chiphunzitso cha Monroe kudera la South Pacific sikudzathandizidwa ndipo sikungapite kulikonse '.
Zilumba za Solomon Islands zimakumbukira kalekale mbiri ya atsamunda a ku Australia ndi Britain komanso zipsera za kuyesedwa kwa bomba la atomu. Chizoloŵezi cha 'kugulitsa nzimbe' chinalanda anthu masauzande ambiri a ku Solomon Island kuti azilima nzimbe ku Queensland, ku Australia m'zaka za m'ma 19, ndipo pamapeto pake anayambitsa Kupanduka kwa Kwaio mu 1927 ku Malaita. Zilumba za Solomon Islands zalimbana kwambiri ndi nkhondo, kukavota mu 2016 ndi dziko kuletsa zida za nyukiliya. Kulakalaka kukhala 'kuseri' kwa United States kapena Australia kulibe. Izi zidawonekera bwino mu ndakatulo yowoneka bwino ya 'Peace Signs' (1974) yolembedwa ndi wolemba ku Solomon Islands Celestine Kulagoe:
Bowa umamera kuchokera
chilumba chouma cha pacific
Zimasweka mumlengalenga
Kungosiya mphamvu zotsalira
kwa chinyengo
mtendere ndi chisungiko
munthu amamatira.
M’bandakucha m’bandakucha
tsiku lachitatu pambuyo pake
chikondi chinapeza chisangalalo
m’manda opanda kanthu
mtanda wamatabwa wamanyazi
kusandulika kukhala chizindikiro
utumiki wa chikondi
mtendere.
M'kutentha kwa masana
mbendera ya UN ikuwuluka
zobisika pamaso pa
mbendera za dziko
pansi pake
kukhala amuna azibakera
kusaina mtendere
mapangano.
Mwaufulu,
Vijay
