Chokhachokha: Pofotokoza za Cold War yatsopano, nyuzipepala ya The New York Times yataya utolankhani, ikufalitsa zabodza zomwe zimafalitsa zotsutsana ndi Russia zomwe zingadutse chinyengo, akutero Robert Parry.
Ndi Robert Parry, ConsortiumNews
M'manyazi atsopano a The New York Times, katswiri wojambula zithunzi watsutsa kusanthula kwatsopano kwa amateurish, anti-Russian pazithunzi za satellite zokhudzana ndi kuwombera kwa Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 kum'mawa kwa Ukraine mu 2014, akutcha ntchitoyi "chinyengo. .”
Loweruka lapitalo, madzulo a tsiku lachiwiri la tsoka lomwe lidapha anthu 298, nyuzipepala ya Times idanenanso za kusanthula kwa anthu ochita masewerawa ponena kuti boma la Russia lidasokoneza zithunzi ziwiri za satellite zomwe zidawululira zida zoponya ndege zaku Ukraine kum'mawa kwa Ukraine panthawi yowomberayo. -pansi.
Tanthauzo lomveka bwino la nkhani ndi Andrew E. Kramer chinali chakuti anthu aku Russia anali kubisa zomwe adachita powombera ndege ya anthu wamba ponena kuti adajambula zithunzi kuti apereke mlandu kwa asitikali aku Ukraine. Kupitilira kutchula kuwunikaku kwa armcontrolwonk.com, Kramer adawonanso kuti "atolankhani nzika" ku Bellingcat adakwaniritsanso zomwezi kale.
Koma Kramer ndi Times adasiya kuti kusanthula koyambirira kwa Bellingcat kudang'ambika bwino ndi akatswiri ofufuza zazithunzi kuphatikiza Dr. Neal Krawetz, woyambitsa FotoForensics digito yowunikira chida chomwe Bellingcat adagwiritsa ntchito. Pa sabata yatha, Bellingcat wakhala akukankhira mwaukali kusanthula kwatsopano ndi armscontrolwonk.com, komwe Bellingcat ali ndi ubale wapamtima.
Sabata yathayi, Krawetz ndi akatswiri ena azazamalamulo adayamba kuyang'ana pa kusanthula kwatsopano ndikutsimikiza kuti idakumana ndi zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zidachitika kale, ngakhale adagwiritsa ntchito chida chowunikira china. Popeza Bellingcat adalimbikitsa kuwunika kwachiwiri uku ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi maulalo ku Bellingcat ndi woyambitsa wake Eliot Higgins, Krawetz adawona kuwunikaku kuwiriko ngati kukuchokera kumalo amodzi, Bellingcat.
"Kufika pamalingaliro olakwika nthawi imodzi kungakhale chifukwa cha umbuli," adatero Krawetz mu positi yabulogu. "Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chida chosiyana pa data yomweyi yomwe imapereka zotsatira zofanana, ndi akadali kulumphira ku lingaliro lolakwika lomwelo ndiko kunamizira mwadala ndi chinyengo. Ndi chinyengo.”
Chitsanzo cha Cholakwika
Krawetz ndi akatswiri ena adapeza kuti kusintha kosalakwa pazithunzi, monga kuwonjezera bokosi la mawu ndikusunga zithunzizo m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zitha kufotokozera zolakwika zomwe Bellingcat ndi anzawo pa armcontrolwonk.com adazindikira. Uku kunali kulakwitsa kwakukulu komwe Krawetz adawona chaka chatha pofalitsa kusanthula kolakwika kwa Bellingcat.
Krawetz analemba kuti: “Chaka chatha, gulu lotchedwa 'Bellingcat' linatuluka ndi lipoti la ndege ya MH17, yomwe inawomberedwa pafupi ndi malire a Ukraine/Russia. Mu lipoti lawo, adagwiritsa ntchito FotoForensics kutsimikizira zonena zawo. Komabe, monga ine adawonetsa muzolemba zanga za blog, adachigwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Mavuto akuluakulu mu lipoti lawo:
"- -Kunyalanyaza khalidwe. Anapenda zithunzi kuchokera m’magwero okayikitsa. Izi zinali zithunzi zotsika kwambiri zomwe zidasinthidwa, zodulidwa, ndi zofotokozera.
"- Kuwona zinthu. Ngakhale ndi zotuluka kuchokera ku zida zowunikira, adalumphira kumalingaliro omwe sanagwirizane ndi deta.
"- Nyambo ndi kusintha. Lipoti lawo linanena chinthu chimodzi, ndiye anayesa kulungamitsa ndi kusanthula komwe kunawonetsa zosiyana.
"Bellingcat posachedwa adatuluka ndi lipoti lachiwiri. Gawo lowunikira zithunzi mu lipoti lawo lidadalira kwambiri pulogalamu yotchedwa 'Tungstène'. … Ndi njira yasayansi, zilibe kanthu kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito chida chandani. Chomaliza chiyenera kubwerezedwa ngakhale zida zambiri ndi ma algorithms angapo.
"Chimodzi mwazithunzi zomwe adathamanga ngakhale Tungstène anali chithunzi chamtambo chomwe adachigwiritsa ntchito ndi ELA [kusanthula zolakwika]. Ndipo mosadabwitsa, zinapanga zotsatira zofanana - zotsatira zomwe ziyenera kutanthauziridwa kuti ndizochepa komanso zosungira zambiri. … Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa chithunzi chochepa kwambiri komanso zosunga zambiri, osati kusintha mwadala monga momwe Bellingcat anamaliza.
"Monga chaka chatha, Bellingcat adanena kuti Tungstène adawonetsa zosintha m'malo omwewo omwe amati akuwona kusintha kwa zotsatira za ELA. Bellingcat adagwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zotsika zomwezo pazida zosiyanasiyana ndikufika pamalingaliro olakwika omwewo. ”
Ngakhale Krawetz adalemba za kusanthula kwatsopano Lachinayi, adayamba kufotokoza nkhawa zake atangotulutsa nkhani ya Times. Izi zidapangitsa Higgins ndi gulu la Bellingcat kuti ayambe kampeni ya Twitter yonyozetsa Krawetz ndi ine (komanso kutchula mavuto ndi nkhani ya Times ndi kusanthula).
Pamene mmodzi wa ogwirizana a Higgins kutchulidwa Nkhani yanga yoyamba pa kusanthula kwazovuta kwa zithunzi, Krawetz adawona kuti zomwe ndidawonazo zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro ake kuti Bellingcat sanayendetse bwino kusanthula (ngakhale panthawiyo sindimadziwa kutsutsa kwa Krawetz).
Higgins adayankha Krawetz, "iye [Parry] sazindikira kuti ndiwe wonyenga. Mwinanso chifukwa iyenso ndi wonyenga.”
Kupitilira monyoza Krawetz, Higgins adanyoza ndemanga yake ya chithunzi chomwe chikuwunikidwa ndi kulemba: "Zonse zomwe ali nazo ndi 'chifukwa ndikunena', pakamwa palibe thalauza."
Kusokonezedwa ndi Kutamandidwa
Zikuwoneka kuti, Higgins, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Leicester, England, waipitsidwa ndi kuyamikiridwa konse komwe adaperekedwa ndi The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian ndi zofalitsa zina zazikulu ngakhale kuti mbiri ya Bellingcat yolondola ndi yolakwika. .
Mwachitsanzo, m'kuphulika kwake koyamba, Higgins adalankhula zabodza za US ku Syria pa Aug. 21, 2013 kuukira kwa gasi wa sarin - akudzudzula Purezidenti Bashar al-Assad - koma adakakamizika kusiya kuwunika kwake. akatswiri azamlengalenga adawulula kuti mzinga wonyamulira sarin unali ndi utali wa makilomita awiri okha, wamfupi kwambiri kuposa momwe Higgins adalingalira podzudzula kuukira kwa asitikali a boma la Syria. (Ngakhale cholakwika chachikulu chimenecho, Higgins adapitiliza kunena kuti boma la Syria linali lolakwa.)
Higgins adapatsanso pulogalamu yaku Australia "Mphindi 60" malo kum'maŵa kwa Ukraine pomwe batire ya "getaway" ya Buk imayenera kujambulidwa pobwerera ku Russia, kupatula kuti ofalitsa nkhani atafika kumeneko zizindikiro sizinafanane, zomwe zidapangitsa Pulogalamuyi iyenera kudalira kusintha kwapamanja kuti inyenge owonera.
Nditawona kusagwirizanaku ndikuyika zithunzi za pulogalamu ya "60 Minutes" kuwonetsa zabodza, "Mphindi 60" idayambitsa kampeni yondinyoza komanso adapita zambiri kanema zidule ndi chinyengo cha utolankhani poteteza zidziwitso zolakwika za Higgins.
Mchitidwe wonena zabodza komanso chinyengo cholimbikitsa nkhanizi sizinaimitse atolankhani ambiri aku Western kuti asangalatse Higgins ndi Bellingcat. Mwina sizikupweteka kuti "zowulula" za Bellingcat nthawi zonse zimagwirizana ndi nkhani zabodza zochokera ku maboma aku Western.
Zikuwonekeranso kuti onse a Higgins ndi "armscontrolwonk.com" ali ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, monga Melissa Hanham, wolemba nawo lipoti la MH-17 yemwenso amalembera Bellingcat, monga Aaron Stein, yemwe. adalumikizana nawo pakutsatsa Ntchito ya Higgins pa "armscontrolwonk.com."
Magulu awiriwa alinso ndi maulalo ku gulu loganiza bwino la NATO, Atlantic Council, lomwe lakhala patsogolo pakukankhira NATO Cold War ndi Russia. Higgins tsopano alembedwa monga "munthu wamkulu yemwe sakhalapo ku Atlantic Council's Future Europe Initiative" ndi armcontrolwonk.com akufotokoza Stein ngati munthu wosakhazikika ku Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center ku Middle East.
Armscontrolwonk.com imayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri okhudza kuchuluka kwa zida za nyukiliya ochokera ku Middlebury Institute for International Study ku Monterey, koma akuwoneka kuti alibe ukatswiri wapadera pazambiri zamafoto.
Vuto Lozama
Koma vuto limakula kwambiri kuposa mawebusayiti angapo komanso olemba mabulogu omwe amapeza kuti ndizolimbikitsa mwaukadaulo kulimbikitsa nkhani zabodza zochokera ku NATO ndi zofuna zina zaku Western. Choopsa chachikulu ndi gawo lomwe atolankhani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito popanga chipinda cha echo kuti achulukitse chidziwitso chochokera kwa anthu okonda masewerawa.
Monga momwe The New York Times, The Washington Post ndi malo ena akuluakulu adameza nkhani zabodza za WMD ya Iraq mu 2002-2003, adadya mokondwera pazochitika zokayikitsa za Syria, Ukraine ndi Russia.
Ndipo monganso tsoka la Iraq, pomwe ife omwe tidatsutsa "gulu la WMD tikuganiza" adachotsedwa ngati "otsutsa a Saddam," tsopano timatchedwa "Assad apologists" kapena "Putin apologists" kapena "hacks" omwe ndi " pakamwa ponse, opanda thalauza” - kaya zikutanthauza chiyani.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 ponena za Syria, nyuzipepala ya Times inalemba nkhani ya tsamba loyamba pogwiritsa ntchito "vector analysis" kuti afufuze kuukira kwa sarin kubwerera kumalo a asilikali aku Syria omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita asanu ndi anayi, koma kupezeka kwa mizinga ya Sarin inali yayifupi kwambiri. Nthawi kuti kukana nkhani yake, yomwe inali yofanana ndi zomwe Higgins ankalemba.
Kenako, pofunitsitsa kufotokoza zabodza zotsutsana ndi Russia ku Ukraine mu 2014, Times idabwereranso kwa mtolankhani kuchokera masiku ake abodza aku Iraq. Michael R. Gordon, yemwe adalemba nawo nkhani yodziwika bwino ya "aluminium chubu" mu 2002 yomwe idakankhira zabodza kuti Iraq ikukhazikitsanso zida zanyukiliya, adavomereza.zina zatsopano zosokoneza kuchokera ku State Department kuti tanena zithunzi zomwe akuti zikuwonetsa asitikali aku Russia ku Russia kenako kuwonekeranso ku Ukraine.
Mtolankhani aliyense wovuta akadazindikira mabowo omwe ali m'nkhaniyi popeza sizikudziwika komwe zithunzizo zidajambulidwa kapena ngati zithunzi zosawoneka bwinozo zinali anthu omwewo, koma izi sizinapatse Times kaye kaye. Nkhaniyo inatsogolera tsamba loyamba.
Komabe, patapita masiku awiri, scoop anawombera pamene zinapezeka kuti chithunzi chachikulu chomwe chikuyenera kusonyeza gulu la asilikali ku Russia, omwe adawonekeranso kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, adatengedwa ku Ukraine, kuwononga maziko a nkhani yonse.
Koma manyazi awa sanafooketse chidwi cha Times pakuchotsa mabodza otsutsana ndi Russia ngati kuli kotheka. Komabe, kupotoza kumodzi kwatsopano ndikuti Times sikuti imangotenga zonena zabodza mwachindunji kuchokera ku boma la US; imatengeranso masamba a "Citizens Journalism" ngati Bellingcat.
M’dziko limene palibe amene amakhulupirira zimene maboma amati njira yatsopano yanzeru yofalitsira nkhani zabodza ndi kudzera mwa “akunja” oterowo.
Chifukwa chake, Times' Kramer anali wokondwa kulandila nkhani yatsopano pa intaneti yomwe imati anthu aku Russia adajambula zithunzi za satellite za mabatire a zida za ndege za ku Ukraine Buk kum'mawa kwa Ukraine kutangotsala pang'ono kuwombera MH-17.
M'malo mokayikira ukatswiri wa zithunzi za akatswiri ochulukitsa zida za nyukiliya ku armscontrolwonk.com, Kramer adangofotokoza zomwe apeza ngati kutsimikizira zomwe Bellingcat adanenapo kale. Kramer adanyozanso anthu aku Russia poyesa kubisa mbiri yawo ndi "malingaliro achiwembu".
Kunyalanyaza Umboni Wovomerezeka
Koma panali umboni wina wofunikira kuti Times ikubisala kwa owerenga ake: umboni wolembedwa kuchokera kunzeru zaku Western kuti asitikali aku Ukraine anali ndi mabatire amphamvu oletsa ndege kum'mawa kwa Ukraine pa Julayi 17, 2014, komanso kuti zigawenga zaku Russia sizinatero. 't
mu lipoti yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Okutobala watha, bungwe la Netherlands Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD) lidati kutengera chidziwitso cha "chinsinsi cha boma", zidadziwika kuti Ukraine ili ndi zida zakale koma "zamphamvu zotsutsana ndi ndege" ndipo "zina mwazinthu izi zidapezeka. kum’maŵa kwa dzikolo.” MIVD idawonjezeranso kuti zigawenga zinalibe mphamvu izi:
"MIVD isanawonongeke, a MIVD ankadziwa kuti, kuwonjezera pa zida zankhondo zopepuka, a Separatist analinso ndi zida zazifupi zoteteza mpweya (man-portable air-defence systems; MANPADS) komanso kuti mwina anali ndi magalimoto aafupi- machitidwe oteteza mpweya. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imatengedwa ngati mizinga yapamtunda-to-air (SAMs). Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo, sakhala pachiwopsezo paulendo wapaulendo wapaulendo wapamadzi."
Popeza nzeru zaku Dutch ndi gawo la zida zanzeru za NATO, lipotili likutanthauza kuti NATO komanso anzeru aku US amagawana malingaliro omwewo. Choncho, anthu a ku Russia sakanakhala ndi chifukwa chowonetsera zithunzi zawo za satana zomwe zikuwonetsa mabatire a missile aku Ukraine otsutsana ndi ndege kum'mawa kwa Ukraine ngati zithunzi za satellite za Kumadzulo zikuwonetsa zomwezo.
Koma pali chifukwa chomwe Times ndi zofalitsa zina zazikuluzikulu zanyalanyaza chikalata ichi cha boma la Dutch - chifukwa ngati chiri cholondola, ndiye kuti anthu okhawo omwe akanatha kupha MH-17 ndi a asilikali a ku Ukraine. Izi zitha kusokoneza nkhani zabodza zomwe zimadzudzula anthu aku Russia.
Komabe, kuyimitsidwa kwa lipoti la Dutch kumatanthauza kuti Times ndi malo ena akumadzulo asiya udindo wawo wa utolankhani kuti apereke umboni wonse wofunikira pa nkhani yofunika kwambiri - kubweretsa chilungamo kwa opha anthu 298 osalakwa. M'malo mwa "nkhani zonse zomwe zikuyenera kusindikizidwa," Times ikusonkhanitsa nkhaniyo mwa kusiya umboni womwe ukupita "kolakwika."
Inde, pakhoza kukhala kufotokozera momwe onse a NATO ndi anzeru aku Russia angafikire "kulakwitsa" komweko kuti asilikali a Chiyukireniya okha akanatha kuwombera MH-17, koma Times ndi ena onse a ku Western media media angathe ' t mwamakhalidwe amangoyesa ngati umboni kulibe.
Pokhapokha ngati cholinga chanu chenicheni ndi kufalitsa nkhani zabodza, osati kutulutsa utolankhani. Kenako, ndikuganiza kuti machitidwe a Times, zofalitsa zina za MSM komanso, inde, Bellingcat ndizomveka.
[Kuti mudziwe zambiri pamutuwu, onani Consortiumnews.com's “MH-17: Zaka Ziwiri za Propaganda Zotsutsana ndi Russia” ndi “NYT Yatayika mu Propaganda Zake zaku Ukraine. "]
