Pankhani ya nkhondo, anthu a ku America ali ovuta kwambiri.

Mayankho aku America kunkhondo zaku Iraq ndi Afghanistan zikupereka zitsanzo. Mu 2003, malinga ndi zisankho, A 72% aku America amaganiza kuti kupita kunkhondo ku Iraq chinali chisankho choyenera. Pofika koyambirira kwa 2013, kuthandizira chisankhochi kudatsika mpaka 41 peresenti. Momwemonso, mu Okutobala 2001, pomwe asitikali aku US ayamba ku Afghanistan, adathandizidwa ndi peresenti 90 wa anthu aku America. Pofika Disembala 2013, kuvomereza pagulu lankhondo yaku Afghanistan kudatsika kokha peresenti 17.

M'malo mwake, kugwa uku kwathandizidwe pagulu lankhondo lomwe linali lodziwika bwino ndichinthu chanthawi yayitali. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse idakalipo kale malingaliro a anthu, openyerera adanena kuti anali okangalika kuti US ilowe nawo nkhondoyi mu Epulo 1917. Koma, nkhondoyo itatha, chidwi chidasokonekera. Mu 1937, ofufuza atafunsa aku America ngati United States iyenera kutenga nawo gawo pankhondo ina ngati World War, peresenti 95 mwa omwe anafunsidwa adati "Ayi."

Ndipo zidapita. Purezidenti Truman atatumiza asitikali aku US ku Korea mu June 1950, peresenti 78 a ku America omwe adafunsidwa adavomereza. Pofika mu February 1952, malinga ndi kafukufuku, 50 peresenti ya anthu aku America amakhulupirira kuti kulowa US ku Nkhondo yaku Korea kunali kulakwitsa. Zodabwitsazi zidachitika pokhudzana ndi nkhondo ya Vietnam. Mu Ogasiti 1965, anthu aku America atafunsidwa ngati boma la US "lalakwitsa potumiza asitikali kunkhondo ku Vietnam," peresenti 61 Mwa iwo adati "Ayi." Koma pofika Ogasiti 1968, othandizira pankhondo anali atatsika mpaka 35 peresenti, ndipo pofika Meyi 1971 anali atatsika kufika pa 28 peresenti.

Pa nkhondo zonse zaku America pazaka XNUMX zapitazi, ndi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse yokha yomwe idavomerezabe anthu ambiri. Ndipo iyi inali nkhondo yosazolowereka - yomwe imakhudza kuwukira kwa asitikali aku America, adani owopsa ofunitsitsa kuligonjetsa ndi kulipangitsa kukhala akapolo padziko lapansi, ndi chigonjetso chomveka bwino.

Pafupifupi milandu yonse, komabe, aku America adalimbana ndi nkhondo zomwe kale adathandizira. Kodi munthu angafotokoze bwanji za kukhumudwitsidwa kumeneku?

Chifukwa chachikulu chikuwoneka ngati mtengo waukulu wankhondo - m'miyoyo ndi chuma. Munthawi ya nkhondo yaku Korea ndi Vietnam, matumba onyamula zida ndi omenyera olumala atayamba kubwerera ku United States ambiri, thandizo pagulu lankhondo lachepa kwambiri. Ngakhale nkhondo zaku Afghanistan ndi Iraq zidaphetsa anthu ochepa aku America, ndalama zake zidakwera. Kafukufuku awiri aposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti nkhondo ziwirizi pamapeto pake zidzawononga okhometsa misonkho aku America kuchokera $ 4 trillion ku $ 6 trilioni. Zotsatira zake, ndalama zambiri zomwe boma la US limagwiritsa ntchito sizikupitilira maphunziro, zaumoyo, mapaki, ndi zomangamanga, koma kulipirira mtengo wankhondo. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthu ambiri aku America asintha nkhondoyi.

Koma ngati katundu wolemetsa wa nkhondo wadodometsa Ambiri ambiri, ndichifukwa chiyani iwo amawathandiza mosavuta kuti athandizire atsopano?

Chifukwa chachikulu chikuwoneka kuti mabungwe amphamvu, opanga malingaliro - atolankhani ambiri, boma, zipani zandale, ngakhale maphunziro - amalamulidwa, mochulukira, ndi zomwe Purezidenti Eisenhower adazitcha "malo azankhondo." Ndipo, kumayambiriro kwa mkangano, mabungwewa nthawi zambiri amatha kupezera mbendera, maginito akusewera, komanso unyinji wosangalala chifukwa cha nkhondo.

Koma ndizowona kuti anthu ambiri aku America ndiwokopa kwambiri ndipo, poyambirira, ali okonzeka kuzungulira mbendera. Zachidziwikire, anthu aku America ambiri ndiwokonda kwambiri dziko lawo ndipo amatengeka ndi zokopa zakusankha dziko. Chofunika kwambiri pazokambirana zandale zaku US ndichosalala chomwe chimati America ndi "dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi" - othandiza kwambiri pakulimbikitsa nkhondo zaku US kumayiko ena. Ndipo phokosoli limatulutsidwa ndi ulemu waukulu kwa mfuti ndi asitikali aku US. ("Tiyeni timve kuwombera m'manja kwa ma Heroes athu!")

Zachidziwikire, palinso gawo lofunikira lamtendere ku America, lomwe lakhazikitsa mabungwe amtendere kwakanthawi, kuphatikiza Peace Action, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Fellowship of Reconciliation, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ndi magulu ena ankhondo. Dera lamtendere ili, lomwe nthawi zambiri limayendetsedwa ndi malingaliro andale, limapereka gawo lofunikira pakutsutsa nkhondo zaku US kumayambiriro. Koma ndizofanana ndi okonda kwambiri asitikali, okonzeka kuyamika nkhondo ku America womaliza yemwe watsala. Kusintha kwa malingaliro pagulu la US ndi anthu ambiri omwe amayenda mozungulira mbendera kumayambiliro kwa nkhondo, kenako, pang'onopang'ono, amatopa ndi mkanganowu.

Chifukwa chake zimayenda modutsa. Benjamin Franklin adazindikira izi m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, pomwe adalemba ndakatulo yayifupi  A Pocket Almanack Kwa Chaka 1744:

Nkhondo imabereka Umphawi,

Mtendere wamphawi;

Mtendere umapangitsa Chuma kuyenda,

(Kutha sikudzatha.)

Chuma chimabweretsa Kunyada,

Kunyada ndi Gulu la Nkhondo;

Nkhondo ibala Umphawi & c.

Dziko likuzungulira.

Pangakhale kusokonezeka pang'ono, komanso kusungidwa kwakukulu m'miyoyo ndi chuma, ngati anthu ambiri a ku America adziwa kuti ndalama zoopsa za nkhondo pamaso adathamangira kuchikumbatira. Koma kumvetsetsa bwino kwa nkhondo ndi zotsatira zake mwina kungakhale kofunikira kutsimikizira anthu aku America kuti achoke munthawi yomwe akuwoneka kuti atsekerezedwa.

Lawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com) ndi Pulofesa wa Mbiri yotuluka ku SUNY / Albany. Bukhu lake laposachedwa ndi buku lonena za kusokonekera kwa mayunivesite, Kodi Mukupitiliza Ku UAardvark?