Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, Disembala 15, 2020
A Joe Biden azitsogolera a White House panthawi yomwe anthu aku America akuda nkhawa kwambiri polimbana ndi coronavirus kuposa kumenya nkhondo zakunja. Koma nkhondo zaku America zikuyenda mosasamala kanthu, komanso mfundo zankhondo zotsutsana ndi zigawenga zomwe Biden adathandizira m'mbuyomu-kutengera ziwombankhanga, ntchito zapadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zothandizila - ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mikanganoyi ifalikire.
Ku Afghanistan, Biden adatsutsa gulu lankhondo la Obama la 2009, ndipo atalephera, Obama adabwereranso ku mfundo yomwe Biden adakondedwa poyambira, yomwe idakhala chizindikiro cha mfundo zawo zankhondo m'maiko ena. M'magulu amkati, izi zimadziwika kuti "zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga," motsutsana ndi "zigawenga."
Ku Afghanistan, izi zidatanthauza kusiya kutumizidwa kwakukulu kwa asitikali aku US, ndikudalira mlengalenga, kunyanyala kwa ma drone ndi ntchito zapadera "kupha kapena kugwira”Anawazunza, pamene anali kulemba ndi kuphunzitsa Asitikali aku Afghanistan kuchita pafupifupi zonse kumenyera pansi ndikugwira gawo.
Pakulowererapo kwa Libya ku 2011, mgwirizano wa monarchist wa NATO-Arab mazana a Qatari ntchito zapadera ndi Asilikari akumadzulo ndi zigawenga zaku Libya kuti ziyitane ku ndege za NATO ndikuphunzitsa magulu ankhondo akumaloko, kuphatikiza Magulu achisilamu ndi maulalo a Al Qaeda. Mphamvu zomwe adatulutsa zikumenyanabe pazofunkha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pake.
Pomwe Joe Biden tsopano akutenga mbiri kutsutsa kulowerera koopsa ku Libya, panthawiyo sanachedwe kuyamika kupambana kwakanthawi konyenga komanso kuphedwa koopsa kwa Colonel Gaddafi. "NATO yapeza bwino," Biden anatero poyankhula ku Plymouth State College mu Okutobala 2011 patsiku lomwe Purezidenti Obama adalengeza zakufa kwa Gaddafi. “Pankhaniyi, America idawononga $ 2 biliyoni ndipo sinatayike ngakhale moyo umodzi. Awa ndi malangizo a momwe tingachitire ndi dziko lapansi momwe tikupitilira kuposa kale. "
Pomwe Biden adasambanso m'manja ku Libya, ntchitoyi idali yofanizira chiphunzitso chankhondo yaboma komanso yoyimira kumbuyo yomwe idathandizidwa ndi ziwombankhanga zomwe adathandizira, zomwe sanatsimikizirebe. Biden akuti akuthandizira zochitika "zotsutsana ndi uchigawenga", koma adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti osayankha pagulu funso lokhudza kuthandizira kwake kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndege ndi ma drone zomwe ndi gawo lofunikira pa chiphunzitsochi.
Pampikisano wolimbana ndi Islamic State ku Iraq ndi Syria, asitikali aku US adasiya pa 118,000 mabomba ndi zoponya, ndikuchepetsa mizinda ikuluikulu ngati Mosul ndi Raqqa kukhala mabwinja ndikupha makumi masauzande za anthu wamba. Pamene Biden adati America "sanataye moyo umodzi" ku Libya, amatanthauza "Moyo waku America" Ngati "moyo" umangotanthauza moyo, nkhondo yaku Libya mwachidziwikire idawononga miyoyo yambiri, ndipo idanyoza lingaliro la UN Security Council lomwe limavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo kokha kuteteza anthu wamba.
Monga a Rob Hewson, mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya zamalonda ya Jane's Air-Launched Weapons, adauza AP pamene US idaphulitsa bomba lowombera "Shock and Awe" ku Iraq mu 2003, "Pankhondo yomwe ikumenyedwera anthu aku Iraq, simungathe kupha aliyense wa iwo. Koma simungaponye mabomba komanso osapha anthu. Zonsezi sizingafanane ndi chilichonse. ” Zomwezi zikuwonekeranso kwa anthu aku Libya, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, Palestine ndi kulikonse komwe mabomba aku America akhala akugwera zaka 20.
Pomwe a Obama ndi a Trump onse amayesera kuti achoke pa "nkhondo yapadziko lonse yokhudza uchigawenga" kupita ku zomwe oyang'anira a Trump adatcha "mpikisano wamphamvu kwambiri, ”Kapena kutembenukira ku Cold War, nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga yakana mouma khosi kuti ibwerere. Al Qaeda ndi Islamic State adathamangitsidwa m'malo omwe US adaphulitsa bomba kapena kuwalowerera, koma akupitilizabe kumaiko ndi zigawo zatsopano. Islamic State tsopano ili m'chigawo chakumpoto Mozambique, ndiponso wazika mizu ku Afghanistan. Othandizira ena a Al Qaeda akugwira ntchito ku Africa konse, kuchokera Somalia ndi Kenya ku East Africa ku mayiko khumi ndi limodzi ku West Africa.
Pambuyo pazaka pafupifupi 20 za "nkhondo yolimbana ndi mantha," tsopano pali kafukufuku wambiri wazomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuti alowe nawo magulu azankhondo achi Islam omwe akumenya nkhondo ndi maboma am'deralo kapena owukira aku Western. Pomwe andale aku America akupitiliza manja awo pazifukwa zopotoka zomwe zitha kuwerengera zosamvetsetseka izi, zikuwoneka kuti sizovuta kwenikweni. Omenyera nkhondo ambiri samalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro achisilamu monga kufuna kudzitetezera, mabanja awo kapena madera awo ku magulu ankhondo "olimbana ndi uchigawenga", monga zalembedwa mu lipotili ndi Center for Civilians in Conflict.
Ofufuza, lotchedwa The Journey to Extremism in Africa: Drivers, Incentives and the Tipping Point for Recruitment, adapeza kuti malo opumira kapena "udzu womaliza" womwe umayendetsa opitilira 70% omenyera kulowa nawo magulu ankhondo ndikupha kapena kumanga munthu wam'banja mwa "Zotsutsana" kapena "chitetezo". Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti zigawenga zankhondo zaku US ndizomwe zimakwaniritsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa ziwawa popanga ndi kudzaza dziwe lomwe likuchulukirachulukira "zigawenga" momwe zimawonongera mabanja, madera ndi mayiko.
Mwachitsanzo, US idapanga Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership ndi maiko 11 Akumadzulo kwa Africa mu 2005 ndipo mpaka pano adalowetsa madola biliyoni m'modzi. Mu lipoti laposachedwapa kuchokera ku Burkina Faso, a Nick Turse adatchulapo malipoti aboma la US omwe amatsimikizira momwe zaka 15 za "zigawenga" motsogozedwa ndi US zangokulitsa kuphulika kwa uchigawenga ku West Africa.
Pentagon's Africa Center for Strategic Study inanena kuti zochitika zachiwawa 1,000 zomwe zimakhudza magulu ankhondo achi Islam ku Burkina Faso, Mali ndi Niger chaka chathachi ndi pafupifupi kuchulukitsa kasanu ndi kawiri kuyambira 2017, pomwe chiwerengero chotsimikizika cha anthu omwe adaphedwa chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 1,538 mu 2017 mpaka 4,404 mu 2020.
Heni Nsaibia, wofufuza wamkulu ku ACLED (Armed Conflict Location Data Data), adauza Turse kuti, "Kuyang'ana kwambiri malingaliro aku Western olimbana ndi uchigawenga komanso kutsatira njira zankhondo zakhala cholakwika chachikulu. Kunyalanyaza oyendetsa zankhondo, monga umphawi komanso kusayenda bwino, komanso kulephera kuchepetsa mikhalidwe yomwe imalimbikitsa zigawenga, monga kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi achitetezo, kwadzetsa mavuto osasinthika. ”
Zowonadi, ngakhale New York Times yatsimikizira kuti magulu "olimbana ndi uchigawenga" ku Burkina Faso akupha monga anthu wamba ambiri monga "zigawenga" zomwe akuyenera kuti azimenya. Lipoti la Dziko la 2019 ku US State Report ku Burkina Faso lidalemba zonena za "kuphana kwankhanza kwankhanza kwa anthu wamba ngati njira yake yolimbana ndi uchigawenga," makamaka kupha anthu amtundu wa Fulani.
Souaibou Diallo, purezidenti wa bungwe loyang'anira akatswiri achi Muslim, adauza Turse kuti kuzunzidwa kumeneku ndiko komwe kumapangitsa a Fulani kuti alowe nawo magulu ankhondo. "Anthu makumi asanu ndi atatu mwa atatu aliwonse omwe amalowa nawo magulu azigawenga adatiuza kuti sizomwe amachita chifukwa chokomera zigawenga, ndichifukwa choti abambo awo kapena amayi awo kapena mchimwene wawo adaphedwa ndi asitikali," adatero Diallo. "Anthu ambiri aphedwa — aphedwa - koma sipanakhale chilungamo."
Chiyambireni Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse pa Ziwopsezo, mbali zonse ziwiri zagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza za adani awo kuti zithandizire chiwawa chawo, ndikupangitsa chisokonezo chowoneka chosatha chomwe chikufalikira kuchokera mdziko lina kupita kudera lina kudera lonse lapansi.
Koma mizu yaku US yachiwawa chonsechi ndi chisokonezo zimayenderera kwambiri kuposa izi. Onse awiri a Al Qaeda ndi Islamic State adachokera m'magulu omwe adalembedwa, ophunzitsidwa, okhala ndi zida komanso kuthandizidwa ndi CIA kugwetsa maboma akunja: Al Qaeda ku Afghanistan m'ma 1980, ndi Nusra Front ndi Islamic State ku Syria kuyambira 2011.
Ngati kayendetsedwe ka Biden ikufunadi kusiya kuyambitsa chisokonezo ndi uchigawenga padziko lapansi, ziyenera kusintha kwambiri CIA, yomwe imagwira ntchito yothetsa mayiko, kuthandizira uchigawenga, kufalitsa chisokonezo ndikupanga Zonama zabodza zankhondo ndipo chidani chakhala chikulembedwa kuyambira ma 1970 ndi a Colonel Fletcher Prouty, William Blum, Gareth Porter ndi ena.
United States sidzakhalanso ndi cholinga, chotsitsa dziko lonse lapansi, kapena chokhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo zakunja, mpaka chitulutsa mzimu mu makina. Biden wasankha Avril Haines, yemwe zachinyengo chinsinsi chazovomerezeka zamapulogalamu a Obama a drone ndikuteteza ozunza a CIA, kuti akhale Director of National Intelligence. Kodi Haines ali pantchito yosintha mabungwe aziwawa ndi chisokonezo kukhala njira yovomerezeka yanzeru? Izi zikuwoneka ngati zosatheka, komabe ndizofunikira.
Oyang'anira atsopano a Biden akuyenera kuwunikiranso mitundu yonse yazandale zowononga zomwe United States yakhala ikuchita padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zambiri, komanso ntchito yabodza yomwe CIA idachita ambiri aiwo.
Tikukhulupirira kuti Biden pamapeto pake adzasiya mfundo zaukazitape, zankhondo zomwe zimawononga madera ndikuwononga miyoyo ya anthu chifukwa chazokhumba zandale, ndikuti agwiritsanso ntchito ndalama zothandizira anthu komanso zachuma zomwe zimathandizadi anthu kukhala moyo wamtendere komanso wabwino.
Tikukhulupiriranso kuti Biden abweza chikoka cha a Trump kubwerera ku Cold War ndikuletsa kusunthika kwa chuma chathu chambiri kukhala mpikisano wopanda pake komanso wowopsa ndi China ndi Russia.
Tili ndi zovuta zenizeni kuthana nazo m'zaka za zana lino - zovuta zomwe zilipo zomwe zingathetsedwe ndi mgwirizano weniweni wapadziko lonse lapansi. Sitingakwanitse kupereka tsogolo lathu paguwa la Global War on Terror, New Cold War, Pax Americana kapena malingaliro ena achifumu.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Ndi membala wa gulu la olemba Collective20. Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payokha, wofufuza wa CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
Yankho Limodzi
nkhondo ndi ukapolo ndi kuzunza!