Kuchita ziwonetsero ku Westwood, California 2002. Chithunzi: Carolyn Cole / Los Angeles Times kudzera pa Getty Images
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK, Ogasiti 21, 2021
Makampani atolankhani aku America akulira ndikunyozedwa pakugonjetsedwa kochititsa manyazi kwa asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan. Koma zazing'ono zomwe zimadzudzulidwa zimangoyambitsa muzu wavutoli, chomwe chinali chisankho choyambirira chofuna kulowa usilikali ndikukhala nawo Afghanistan.
Chisankhochi chidayambitsa ziwawa ndi zipolowe zomwe sizingatsatiridwe ndi US kapena njira yankhondo pazaka 20 zikubwerazi, ku Afghanistan, Iraq kapena mayiko ena omwe adatha pankhondo zapakati pa 9/11 zaku America.
Pomwe aku America adadabwitsika ndi zithunzi za ndege zomwe zidagwera nyumba pa Seputembara 11, 2001, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld adachita msonkhano ku Pentagon. Wopanda zolemba Zolemba za Cambone Kuchokera pamsonkhanowu kunalongosola momwe asitikali aku US mwachangu komanso mwakhungu adakonzekera kutengera dziko lathu kumanda a ufumu ku Afghanistan, Iraq ndi madera ena.
Cambone adalemba kuti Rumsfeld amafuna, ”… zabwino kwambiri mwachangu. Weruzani ngati wagunda bwino SH (Saddam Hussein) nthawi yomweyo - osati UBL (Usama Bin Laden)… Pitani kwakukulu. Sesa zonse. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi ayi. ”
Chifukwa chake patangopita maola ochepa kuchokera ku milandu yoopsa iyi ku United States, funso lalikulu lomwe akuluakulu aku US anali kufunsa silinali momwe angawafufuzire ndikuwapatsa mlandu olakwirawo, koma momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphindi iyi ya "Pearl Harbor" kulungamitsa nkhondo, kusintha kwa maboma ndi zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi.
Patatha masiku atatu, Congress idapereka chikalata chololeza purezidenti kuti gwiritsani ntchito gulu lankhondo "... motsutsana ndi mayiko, mabungwe, kapena anthu omwe awasankha kuti awakonzekeretse, awaloleze, awathandize, kapena awathandize zigawenga zomwe zidachitika pa Seputembara 11, 2001, kapena adasunga mabungwe kapena anthu oterewa"
Mu 2016, Congressional Research Service inanena kuti Chilolezo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Gulu Lankhondo (AUMF) chidanenedwa kuti chingalungamitse magulu ankhondo 37 osiyana mmaiko 14 komanso panyanja. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe adaphedwa, opunduka kapena osowa panjira pantchitozi analibe chochita ndi milandu ya Seputembara 11. Mabungwe omwe adatsata mobwerezabwereza adanyalanyaza mawu enieni a chilolezocho, chomwe chimangololeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi omwe akuchita nawo mwanjira ina mu ziwopsezo za 9/11.
Membala yekhayo wa Congress yemwe anali ndi nzeru komanso kulimba mtima kuti avote motsutsana ndi 2001 AUMF anali Barbara Lee waku Oakland. Lee adachifanizira ndi lingaliro la 1964 la Tonkin ndipo adachenjeza anzawo kuti adzagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira yomweyo komanso yapathengo. Mawu omaliza a iye kulankhula pansi tithandizireni kupitilira zaka 20 zachiwawa, zipolowe komanso milandu yankhondo zomwe zidatulutsa, "Tikamachita izi, tisakhale oyipa omwe timadana nawo."
Pamsonkhano ku Camp David kumapeto kwa sabata, Wachiwiri kwa Secretary Wolfowitz adatsutsa mwamphamvu za kuukira Iraq, ngakhale Afghanistan isanachitike. A Bush adanenetsa kuti Afghanistan iyenera kubwera choyamba, koma mwachinsinsi analonjezedwa Wapampando wa Defense Policy Board a Richard Perle kuti aku Iraq azitsatiranso.
Pambuyo pa Seputembara 11, atolankhani aku US adatsata zomwe a Bush akutsogolera, ndipo anthu adangomva mawu osowa, akufunsa ngati nkhondo ndiyankho loyenera kuzolakwa zomwe zachitika.
Koma woyimira milandu wakale wa milandu ku Nuremberg a Ben Ferencz adalankhula ndi NPR (National Public Radio) patadutsa sabata limodzi kuchokera pa 9/11, ndipo adalongosola kuti kuwukira Afghanistan sikunali kopanda nzeru komanso koopsa, koma sikunali kuyankha kovomerezeka pamilandu iyi. Katy Clark wa NPR adayesetsa kuti amvetsetse zomwe akunena:
"Clark:
… Mukuganiza kuti nkhani yakubwezera sikubvomerezeka paimfa ya anthu 5,000 (sic)?
Ferencz:
Si kuyankha konse koyenera kulanga anthu omwe alibe mlandu pazolakwika.
Clark:
Palibe amene akunena kuti tidzalanga omwe alibe mlandu.
Ferencz:
Tiyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa kulanga olakwa ndi kulanga ena. Mukangobwezera anthu ambiri pophulitsa bomba ku Afghanistan, tinene, kapena a Taliban, mupha anthu ambiri omwe sakhulupirira zomwe zachitika, omwe sagwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika.
Clark:
Ndiye mukunena kuti simukuwona udindo woyenera wankhondo pankhaniyi.
Ferencz:
Sindinganene kuti palibe gawo loyenera, koma ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi malingaliro athu. Sitiyenera kuwalola kuti azipha mfundo zathu nthawi yomweyo ndikupha anthu athu. Ndipo mfundo zathu ndizolemekeza malamulo. Osati kudzitchinjiriza mwakhungu ndi kupha anthu chifukwa tachititsidwa khungu ndi misozi yathu ndi ukali wathu. ”
Ng'oma yankhondo idadzaza mawailesi, ndikupotoza 9/11 kukhala nkhani yamabodza yolimbikitsa mantha a uchigawenga ndikulungamitsa ulendo wopita kunkhondo. Koma anthu ambiri aku America adagawana nawo Rep. Barbara Lee ndi Ben Ferencz, akumvetsetsa mbiri ya dziko lawo kuti adziwe kuti tsoka la 9/11 lidalandidwa ndi kampani yomweyi yomwe idabweretsa mavuto ku Vietnam ndikupitilizabe kudzipanganso mbadwo uliwonse kuthandizira ndi phindu kuchokera Nkhondo zaku America, kulanda boma komanso kuchita zankhondo.
Pa September 28, 2001, a Wogwira Ntchito Zachikhalidwe tsamba lofalitsidwa mawu Wolemba 15 komanso omenyera ufulu wawo pansi pamutu wawo, "Chifukwa chiyani tikunena kuti palibe nkhondo ndi chidani." Anaphatikizapo Noam Chomsky, Revolutionary Association of Women of Afghanistan ndi ine (Medea). Zomwe tanena ndizokhudzana ndi kuwukira kwa oyang'anira a Bush pa ufulu wachibadwidwe kunyumba ndi kunja, komanso malingaliro ake akumenya nkhondo ku Afghanistan.
Chalmers Johnson womaliza maphunziro ndi wolemba adalemba kuti 9/11 sikunali kuukira United States koma "kuwukira malamulo akunja aku US." A Edward Herman ananeneratu za “ziphuphu zazikulu zankhondo.” Matt Rothschild, mkonzi wa The Progressive analemba kuti, "Kwa munthu aliyense wosalakwa Bush amene amapha pankhondo imeneyi, zigawenga zisanu kapena khumi zidzauka." Ine (Medea) ndidalemba kuti "kuyankha kunkhondo kumangowonjezera chidani ku US chomwe chidayambitsa uchigawenga pachiyambi."
Kusanthula kwathu kunali kolondola ndipo zoneneratu zathu zinali zadongosolo. Timagonjera modzichepetsa kuti atolankhani komanso andale akuyenera kuyamba kumvera mawu amtendere ndi abwinobwino m'malo momanama, ochita zachinyengo.
Zomwe zimabweretsa masoka ngati nkhondo yaku US ku Afghanistan sikuti kulibe mawu otsimikizika olimbana ndi nkhondo koma kuti machitidwe athu andale ndi atolankhani nthawi zambiri amalekerera ndikunyalanyaza mawu ngati a Barbara Lee, Ben Ferencz ndi ife eni.
Sichifukwa chakuti ife tikulakwitsa ndipo mawu achiwawa omwe amamvera ali olondola. Amatipondereza ndendende chifukwa tikunena zowona ndipo akulakwitsa, ndipo chifukwa mikangano yayikulu, yankhondo, yamtendere komanso ndalama zankhondo zingaike pachiwopsezo china champhamvu kwambiri komanso zachinyengo zokonda zomwe zimalamulira ndikuwongolera ndale zaku US pamipikisano iwiri.
Pazovuta zilizonse zakunja, kukhalapo kwa asitikali athu owononga kwambiri komanso nthano zomwe atsogoleri athu amalimbikitsa kuti ziziyenda bwino pakukonda zandale komanso zovuta zandale kuti zithetse mantha athu ndikudziyesa kuti pali "mayankho" ankhondo iwo.
Kutaya Nkhondo yaku Vietnam kunali kuwunika kwakukulu pamalire a mphamvu zankhondo yaku US. Pamene oyang'anira achichepere omwe adamenya nkhondo ku Vietnam adadzuka kuti akhale atsogoleri ankhondo aku America, adachita mosamala komanso mozama pazaka 20 zotsatira. Koma kutha kwa Cold War kunatsegula khomo kwa mbadwo watsopano wokonda kutentha omwe anali ofunitsitsa kupezerapo mwayi pa US Cold War “Gawo la mphamvu.”
Madeleine Albright adalankhula za mtundu watsopanowu womwe udayamba kumene atakumana ndi General Colin Powell mu 1992 ndi funso lake, "Ndi chiani kukhala ndi gulu lankhondo lapamwamba kwambiri lomwe mumanena nthawi zonse ngati sitingathe kuligwiritsa ntchito?"
Monga Secretary of State m'chigawo chachiwiri cha Clinton, Albright adapanga choyamba cha mndandanda za kuwukira kosaloledwa kwa US kuti apange Kosovo yodziyimira pawokha pazotsalira za Yugoslavia. Mlembi wakunja waku UK a Robin Cook atamuwuza kuti boma lawo "likusokonekera ndi maloya athu" pazosavomerezeka pa dongosolo lankhondo la NATO, Albright adati ayenera "pezani maloya atsopano. "
M'zaka za m'ma 1990, a neocons ndi olowerera m'malo owolowa manja adatsutsa ndikulekerera lingaliro loti njira zosagwirizana ndi gulu lankhondo, zosakakamiza zitha kuthana ndi mavuto amitundu yakunja popanda zowopsa zankhondo kapena zakupha zilango. Malo olowerera nkhondo ophatikizanawa adagwiritsa ntchito ziwopsezo za 9/11 kuti aphatikize ndikuwonjezera kuwongolera kwa mfundo zakunja zaku US.
Koma atatha ndalama zankhaninkhani ndikupha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, mbiri yochititsa manyazi yopanga nkhondo ku US kuyambira pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ikadali mbiri yolephera ndi kugonja, ngakhale payokha. Nkhondo zokha zomwe United States yapambana kuyambira 1945 zakhala zochepa nkhondo kuti abwezeretse magulu ang'onoang'ono atsamunda ku Grenada, Panama ndi Kuwait.
Nthawi zonse United States ikawonjezera zokhumba zawo zankhondo kuti ziukire kapena kuwukira mayiko akuluakulu kapena odziyimira pawokha, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowopsa konsekonse.
Chifukwa chake dziko lathu ndi lopanda pake Msungidwe ya 66% yazogwiritsira ntchito mwanzeru zida zankhondo zowononga, ndikulemba ndi kuphunzitsa achichepere aku America kuti azigwiritse ntchito, sizitipanga kukhala otetezeka koma zimangolimbikitsa atsogoleri athu kuti atulutse ziwawa zopanda pake ndi chisokonezo kwa anzathu padziko lonse lapansi.
Ambiri mwa anansi athu azindikira tsopano kuti magulu ankhondo ndi machitidwe osagwira ntchito andale aku US omwe amawasunga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pamtendere komanso ku zofuna zawo demokarase. Ndi anthu ochepa m'maiko ena omwe amafuna gawo lililonse la Nkhondo zaku America, kapena Cold War yomwe idatsitsimutsidwa motsutsana ndi China ndi Russia, ndipo izi zimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa omwe akhala akugwirizana ku America ku Europe komanso "kumbuyo" kwawo ku Canada ndi Latin America.
Pa Okutobala 19, 2001, a Donald Rumsfeld analankhula Ogwira ntchito yophulitsa bomba ku B-2 ku Whiteman AFB ku Missouri pomwe akukonzekera kupita padziko lonse lapansi kukabwezera molakwika kwa anthu aku Afghanistan omwe akhala oleza mtima. Adawauza, "Tili ndi zisankho ziwiri. Mwina timasintha momwe timakhalira, kapena tiyenera kusintha momwe amakhalira. Timasankha omaliza. Ndipo inu ndi amene mudzathandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenecho. ”
Tsopano kugwa uku pa 80,000 mabomba ndi zoponya kwa anthu aku Afghanistan kwazaka 20 zalephera kusintha momwe akukhalira, kupatula kupha mazana masauzande a iwo ndikuwononga nyumba zawo, m'malo mwake, monga Rumsfeld adanena, tisinthe momwe timakhalira.
Tiyenera kuyamba pomvera kwa Barbara Lee. Choyamba, tiyenera kupereka ndalama zake kuti tithetse ma AUMF awiri atapitilira 9/11 omwe adayambitsa fiasco yathu yazaka 20 ku Afghanistan ndi nkhondo zina ku Iraq, Syria, Libya, Somalia ndi Yemen.
Kenako tiyenera kupititsa ndalama zake kuti titsogolere kwina $ Biliyoni 350 pachaka kuchokera ku bajeti ya asitikali aku US (pafupifupi 50% yochepetsedwa) kuti "iwonjezere kuthekera kwathu pakuyimira mabungwe ndi ntchito zapakhomo zomwe zingateteze dziko lathu ndi anthu athu kukhala otetezeka."
Pomaliza kulowa usitikali wankhondo waku America kungakhale yankho lanzeru komanso loyenera pakugonjetsedwa kwake ku Afghanistan, zofuna zowonongekazo zisatitengere kunkhondo zowopsa kwambiri motsutsana ndi adani oopsa kuposa a Taliban.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
