Chifukwa Chake Tifunikira Kulembetsa mu 2020

Ndi David Swanson, Mtsogoleri Woyang'anira World BEYOND War, January 15, 2020

South Korea silingasankhe kuchita mtendere ndi North Korea popanda chilolezo chokhala ndi mayiko ena omwe amasunga ankhondo okwanira makumi atatu ku South Korea, kumapangitsa South Korea kulipira ndalama zambiri zakunyumba, akulamula gulu lankhondo la South Korea pomenya nkhondo, ilamula mphamvu za veto pa United Nations, ndipo siliyankha mlandu ku International Criminal Court kapena International Court of Justice.

Mphamvu zakunja zofananazi zili ndi asilikari pafupifupi mayiko aliwonse padziko lapansi, malo ofunikira pafupifupi theka la mayiko padziko lapansi, ndipo dziko lenilenilo lidagawika m'magawo olamulira ndikuwongolera. Amayang'anira malo ogwirira ntchito zankhondo, komanso ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti atenge chuma kumadera omwe ali ndi umphawi wadzaoneni. Amamanga maziko komwe angafune, ndikuyika zida momwe angafunire - kuphatikiza zida zanyukiliya mosaloledwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Pazifukwa izi, amaphwanya malamulo nthawi komanso komwe angafune.

Mayiko omwe amati sachita nawo ndale ngati Ireland, komabe, amalola asitikali aku US kuti agwiritse ntchito eyapoti, ndipo - chifukwa chake - amalola apolisi aku US kuti afufuze aliyense ku eyapoti ya Dublin asanapite ku United States. Zinthu zambiri zitha kufunsidwa ndikudzudzulidwa munyumba zaku Ireland, koma osati asitikali aku US ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Ireland. Mabungwe ena ofunikira, monga omwe amayang'anira zikwangwani pafupi ndi Shannon Airport, amakhala ku United States.

Chowonadi chatsopanochi ndi gawo losasunthika la mbiri yakale kumadera akale omwe timayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "atsamunda." Asanakhazikitse "United States", ena mwa omwe anali atakhazikika kale anali "atakhazikika" ku Ireland, komwe aku Britain adalipira mphotho pamitu ndi ziwalo zaku Ireland, monga momwe amadzaperekera amwenye aku America. United States kwazaka zambiri idafunafuna alendo ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amatha "kukhazikika" kumtunda kwawo. Chiwawa ku North America chinali gawo la chikhalidwe cha US kuyambira pomwe United States isanafike mpaka ma 1890. Atsamunda adamenya nkhondo, akadalemekezedwa kwambiri, pomwe aku France adagonjetsa aku Britain, koma momwe atsamunda sanasiye kukhala atsamunda. M'malo mwake, adapeza mwayi wowukira amitundu kumadzulo kwawo.

United States sinatengere nthawi pomenya nkhondo ku Canada kumpoto, Spain kumwera, mayiko kudutsa gawo lakumadzulo, ndipo pomalizira pake Mexico. Kutopa kwa dziko la North America kunasintha maulamuliro aku America, koma sikunachedwetse. Colonization idapita ku Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii, Alaska, Philippines, Latin America, ndi kutali komwe. "Dziko la India," m'chinenedwe cha asitikali aku US lero, likutanthawuza mayiko akutali kuti adzaukire ndi zida zambiri zoperekedwa kumayiko aku America aku America.

Kuletsedwa kwa magulu ankhondo kunasinthanso atsamunda aku US, koma anangowula m'malo mongolekerera. Kellogg-Briand Pact ya 1928 inathetsa mchitidwe wochitira anthu olanda madera monga zovomerezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayiko omwe anali ndi ma colowa akhoza kumasuka osagonjetsedwa ndi mdani wina. Nyumba ya United Nations General Assembly idapangidwa ndi mipando 20 yowonjezera kupitirira 51 ya mayiko omwe adalipo. Pomwe imamangidwa, panali mitundu 75, pofika 1960 panali 107. Onse anawombera kuchokera pamenepo kuti afikire mwachangu 200 ndikudzaza mipando yomwe idakonzedwera gulu la anthu.

Mayiko anadziimira pawokha, koma sanasiye kugonja. Gawo lomwe adaligwiritsa ntchito lidaloledwa pamilandu ina yapadera, monga Israel, makamaka kwa maboma ankhondo aku US, omwe akanadzakhalapo m'maiko ena.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, asilikali a ku America adagwira ku Koho'alawe chilumba chaching'ono cha ku Hawaii kuti akayese zida zankhondo ndikulamula anthu ake kuti achoke. Chisumbucho chakhalapo yawonongeka. Mu 1942, gulu lankhondo la US linasamutsa Aleutian Islanders. Machitidwe amenewo sanathe mu 1928 kapena mu 1945 ku United States, monganso ena ambiri. Purezidenti Harry Truman adaganiza kuti nzika 170 zakubadwa za Bikini Atoll zilibe ufulu wopita pachilumbachi mu 1946. Adawachotsa mu February ndi Marichi 1946, ndikuthawa kwawo kuzisumbu zina popanda njira yothandizira kapena gulu m'malo. Mu zaka zikubwerazi, United States idachotsa anthu 147 ku Enewetak Atoll ndi anthu onse okhala ku Lib Island. Kuyesa kwa bomba la atomiki ndi haidrojeni ku US kwapangitsa kuti zilumba zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili ndi anthu ambiri komanso zopanda anthu zikhale zopanda chitetezo, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti madzi asamuke. Mpaka mu 1960s, asitikali aku US adachotsa anthu mazana ambiri kuchokera ku Kwajalein Atoll. Ghetto wokhala ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri adapangidwa pa Ebeye.

On Vieques, kuchoka ku Puerto Rico, asilikali a ku United States athamangitsira anthu ambiri pakati pa 1941 ndi 1947, adalengeza kuti adzathamangitsa 8,000 otsala ku 1961, koma anakakamizika kubwerera ndipo - mu 2003 - kusiya kuphulika kwa chilumbachi. Pafupi ndi Culebra, Navy inathamangitsa zikwi pakati pa 1948 ndi 1950 ndipo amayesa kuchotsa otsala kupyolera mu 1970s. Navy ili pakali pano kuyang'ana pachilumbachi Chikunja monga momwe mungathere m'malo a Vieques, anthu omwe achotsedwa kale ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri. Inde, kuthekera kulikonse kubwerera kungakhale kuchepa kwambiri.

Kuyambira pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse koma kupitiliza kupyolera mu 1950s, asilikali a ku United States anathawa anthu okwana 4 miliyoni a ku Okinaina, kapena theka la anthu, kuchoka kudziko lawo, akukakamiza anthu kukhala m'misasa ya anthu othawa kwawo ndi kuwatumiza ku Bolivia - komwe adalonjezedwa malo ndi ndalama koma osaperekedwa.

Mu 1953, United States idachita mgwirizano ndi dziko la Denmark kuti lichotse anthu 150 a Inughuit ku Thule, Greenland, kuwapatsa masiku anayi kuti atuluke kapena akumane ndi ozunza. Akuletsedwa ufulu wobwerera. Anthu amakhumudwitsidwa pomwe a Donald Trump akufuna kukagula Greenland, koma ambiri osakhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US kumeneko ndi mbiri ya momwe zidafikira kumeneko.

Pakati pa 1968 ndi 1973, United States ndi Great Britain adathamangitsa nzika zonse za 1,500 mpaka 2,000 za Diego Garcia, ndikuwanyamula anthu ndikuwakakamiza m'mabwato pomwe akupha agalu awo m'chipinda cha gasi ndikulanda malo awo onse kuti agwiritse ntchito ku US ankhondo.

Boma la South Korea, lomwe lathamangitsa anthu kuti awonjezere madera aku US mdziko la 2006, mdziko lankhondo la US Navy, m'zaka zaposachedwa lawononga mudzi, gombe lake, ndi ma mahekitala 130 a malo achilumba ku Jeju Island kuti apereke United States yokhala ndi gulu lina lalikulu lankhondo.

Pafupifupi malo onse atsopano, ku Italy kapena Niger kapena kwina kulikonse, amasamutsa anthu, ngakhale m'dziko lomwe mukukhala. Ndipo chilichonse chatsopano chimachotsa ufulu, kudziyimira pawokha, ndi kuwalamulira. Maufumu a Persian Gulf amatsutsa demokalase mothandizidwa ndi maboma aku US, koma amapereka ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ndikuthandizira kuti United States ikhale dziko lopanda malamulo. Nthawi yomweyo, US imathandizira kudana ndi United States ndi maboma wamba.

Mabungwe aku US akuyenera kukhala okhazikika, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti ndi zina mwa nkhondo zomwe akuchita. Atolankhani aku US alemba za "kutsutsana" kwa a Trump ndi nkhondo zosatha, ngakhale atasokoneza kuthekera kulikonse kothetsa aliyense wa iwo. Nkhondo zosatha zowongolera malo ochepa omwe akukhalabe kunja kwa mphamvu yaku US zomwe zapitilizidwa mzaka zitatu zapitazi ndi boma la US zikuphatikizapo nkhondo ku Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Libya, ndi Somalia.

United States siyi yokha colonizer, koma ili ndi 95 peresenti ya magulu ankhondo akunja akunja. Ndipo imagwira ntchito pamaziko okhulupirira kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri. Pa World BEYOND War, tikukhulupirira kuti gawo logwirizira boma la US kuti likhale ndi malamulo, komanso njira yothetsera nkhondo, kutsekedwa kwa maziko akunja. Chifukwa chake, tili ntchito kutsutsa zoyambira zatsopano komanso zoyandikira zakale padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zitha kuchitika. Maziko angapo akhala adayimilira kapena kutseka.

Njira zomwe tikugwiritsa ntchito zikuphatikiza maphunziro apagulu komanso zachiwawa zosagwirizana ndi magulu ankhondo komanso zankhondo. Timayesetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa magulu ankhondo motsutsana nawo. Mabungwe aku US adyetsa madzi apansi m'mayiko ambiri okhala ndi "mankhwala osatha," komabe mayiko ndi madera oyenera adalandidwa ufulu wawo kulipidwa kapena kuwongolera nthaka yawo.

Tikuyesetsanso njira yomwe ingapangitse kuti mabodza aku US atsutsane. Nthawi zambiri chinyengo chimanenedwa kuti kukhala ndi malo aku US pamtunda uliwonse wamtunduwu kumapangitsa United States kukhala yotetezeka. A chiyeso Tidathandizira posachedwa kuperekedwa ndi Nyumba ya US kenako ndikuchotsa kuti tisangalatse Senate. Zikanafuna Pentagon kuti ifotokoze momwe mayiko akunja amatetezera United States, m'malo moika pachiwopsezo kapena kusakhudza "chitetezo" chake. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti - mwazinthu zina zambiri zoyipa - mabungwe akunja amachititsa kuti atsamunda akhale otetezeka kuposa momwe akanakhalira opanda iwo.

Mwayi wake, mwachidziwikire, ndikutseka maziko a US ku Iraq monga akufunikira ndi Iraq. Dziko lapansi ndi US zikuyenera kulowa nawo Iraq pakufunika kumeneku.