Chifukwa Chake New Zealand Iyenera Kuthetsa Asilikali Ake

Wolemba Deborah Williams waku Ōtautahi, Christchurch, World BEYOND War, May 4, 2023

Zaperekedwa ku New Zealand "Defence Strategy Review 2023."

MAU OYAMBA

Ndili ndi zaka 76 ndipo kukudziwa kwanga sipanakhalepo kuwukiridwa kwa Aotearoa m'moyo wanga wonse.

Tili ndi gombe la makilomita pafupifupi 15,000 lomwe likuwoneka kuti ndi lachisanu ndi chinayi padziko lonse lapansi (1). Zingakhale zosatheka kulondera m'mphepete mwa nyanja zonse kuti mupewe kugwidwa ndi nyanja. Tili ndi ntchito yolimba yolondera panyanja Exclusive Economic Zone yathu kuchokera pa 12 mpaka 100 nautical miles ndikusunga usodzi wathu kukhala wotetezeka.

Sitifunikira gulu lotchedwa Defense Force lomwe limawononga ndalama zoposa $116 miliyoni pa sabata kuphatikiza $20 biliyoni zochulukirapo zaka khumi izi zankhondo zankhondo, frigates, zida zina zankhondo ndi cyber warfare (Budget ya 2022). Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la Radio New Zealand (RNZ). Boma lawononga $2.3 biliyoni kugula P8 Poseidons watsopano kuti alowe m'malo mwa ndege zokalamba za Air Force za Orion. Zombozi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira panyanja ndi kutumizidwa kunja, kuwuluka kuchokera ku Manawatū. (2).

Sitingakhale ndi gulu lankhondo lophunzitsidwa bwino lokonzekera kuteteza dziko lathu. Lipoti laposachedwa la RNZ (Radio New Zealand) linanena kuti New Zealand Defense Force (NZDF) yakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya antchito ake anthawi zonse, ovala yunifolomu, ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso odziwa zambiri pazaka ziwiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zombo zina ndi ndege sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chosowa anthu. Asilikali achitetezo apereka ndalama ziwiri zapadera chaka chino ndicholinga chofuna kusunga omwe akugwirabe ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, ngati olembedwa atsopano alowa m’gulu, zimatenga zaka zinayi kuti awaphunzitse (3).

NDONDOMEKO YODZIYIKA YOYAMBA

Yakwana nthawi yoti Aotearoa NZ ikhale ndi mfundo zodziyimira pawokha zakunja. Tilibe ntchito kukhala m’nkhondo za anthu ena.

Tapita kunkhondo kangapo ndi Britain. Monga ambiri a ife Pākehā tinachokera ku British Isles, panali kukhulupirika kumeneku ku “Dziko Lamayi.” Komabe, itakwana nthaŵi yoti Britain aloŵe m’bungwe la European Union mu 1973, panalibe kukhulupirika kofanana komwe kunasonyezedwa kwa ife pa kugwa kwa malonda ndi dzikolo. Tinkayenera kupeza misika yatsopano yazaulimi.

Tinalanda Türkiye mu Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse 1 pamtengo wapatali kumbali zonse ziwiri m'miyoyo yotayika kapena yowonongeka. Pambuyo pake tinaukira malo monga Vietnam pansi pa ambulera ya Amereka ndi kuwononga kosatha ku dzikolo ndi anthu ake ndi kwa asilikali athu. Nkhondo zimenezi sizinali zathu kuti timenye. Zinali nkhondo za mayiko olamulira amakono. Tsopano tikuphunzitsa asilikali a ku Ukraine zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tikuchita nawo nkhondoyi ndi Russia.

Popita kunkhondo za anthu ena tikungopititsa nkhondo.

General Stanley McChrystal, yemwe anali mkulu wa asilikali a US ndi NATO ku Afghanistan adanena Stone Rolling mu 2010 kuti kwa munthu aliyense wosalakwa amene mumamupha, mumapanga adani 10 atsopano. Chifukwa chiyani mumapangira adani pomwe mutha kupeza mabwenzi?

United States of America ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu pamtendere wapadziko lonse lapansi. Lili ndi chala chake pankhondo iliyonse ndipo lilipo kuti lipindule. Phindu limodzi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mafuta kapena mchere. China ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. United States imagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zazikulu zankhondo kupanga zida ndi ndege, maroketi, zombo zapamadzi ndi magalimoto akumtunda chifukwa chake ndalama zowononga miyoyo ya anthu ena komanso zomangamanga zamayiko ena. Malinga ndi Noam Chomsky palibe pulezidenti yemwe sanakumbukirepo umbombowu ndipo akufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu (4).

New Zealand ndi gawo la mgwirizano wanzeru wa Maso asanu (FVEY) ndi Australia, Canada, United Kingdom ndi USA womwe unayamba bwino m'ma 1940 (5). Mbali ina ya mgwirizanowo inali yoti mayiko omwe ali m’bungweli asazonde maboma a anzawo. Komabe, zikalata zasonyeza kuti mamembala amazonda mwadala nzika za anzawo kenako ndikugawana chidziwitsocho pakati pawo. Mu 2013 a Edward Snowden, wogwira ntchito wakale wa National Security Agency (NSA) ku USA, adatulutsa zikalata za NSA kwa atolankhani zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chinyengo ndi ntchito za bungwelo.

Talola kuti dziko la USA likhale ndi maziko a akazitape m'dziko lathu, monga Waihopai kuno ku South Island. Ngakhale titadziwa kuti atizonda ife ndi anansi athu a Pacific, sanapemphedwe kuchoka (6).

Zomwe zidayamba ngati kampani yaying'ono yaku New Zealand yotchedwa Rocket Lab inali nkhani yotsutsana ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ku New Zealand chaka chatha. Mwezi watha wa Okutobala 2022, Green Party idati poyambitsa maroketi m'malo mwa US Defense Department (USDD) kampaniyo ikhoza kuthandiza USDD kupanga nkhondo kuchokera mumlengalenga. Boma (omwe adayika ndalama kukampani) (7), ndi Rocket Lab adakana kuti akufuna kuvulaza koma pakadali pano, tilibe malamulo okhudza kutsegulira zida zankhondo zakunja.

Izi zonse ndi nkhani zotsutsana pandale koma ziyenera kunenedwa. Zikuwonekeratu ngati dziko laling'ono tikhoza kuchita bwino, popanda kuchita nawo ntchito zonyansa za mayiko ena.

NKHONDO NDIKUKONZEKERA NKHONDO

Palibe cholimbikitsa nkhondo makamaka ngati dziko lanu kapena woyandikana nawo akuwukiridwa.

Nkhondo ndi yachisembwere monga momwe adanenera Curtis LeMay USA General wamkulu wa Staff of the USA Air Force komanso ngakhale wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti. Ikuphwanya ndime yachitatu ya United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) yomwe imati, Aliyense ali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo, ufulu ndi chitetezo.

Palibe nkhondo "yolungama". Mtsogoleri wa mpingo wakatolika pa dziko lonse Papa Francisco walankhula za ufulu wodzitchinjiriza koma osati kuti nkhondo iliyonse ikhale yachilungamo. Iye moyenerera amatsutsa kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati "zachiwerewere". Kwa Papa Francis nkhondo kwenikweni ndi kusowa kwa zokambirana (8).

Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp yoyendetsedwa ndi asitikali aku USA yaphwanya ufulu wa anthu ambiri monga Ndime 5 ya UNDHR yotsutsa. kuzunza, nkhanza, nkhanza kapena zonyozetsa kapena chilango. Akaidi ambiri adasungidwa kwamuyaya popanda kuzengedwa mlandu ndipo vuto lomwe likuchitika padziko lonse lapansi likadali lotseguka. Malinga ndi Wikipedia 30 akukhalabe komweko, 9 adamwalira ali m'ndende ndipo 741 asamutsidwira kwina, zilizonse zomwe zikutanthauza (9). Zaka zingapo zapitazo ku New Zealand, mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo wamkazi anatula pansi udindo wake chifukwa chikumbumtima chake sichikanamulolanso kugwira ntchito ndi mphamvu imene ingaphe ena.

WARWICK SMITH
Ana akusukulu ya Whakarongo amayesa mfuti yankhondo ya Steyr paulendo wa asitikali a Linton Army Base.

Nditaona kuti Asilikali a NZ adatenga mfuti kupita kusukulu ya pulayimale ya Whakarongo mu 2017 ndinayenera kulankhula kudzera mu kalata ya m'nyuzipepala ndikutumiza maimelo kwa membala aliyense wa Board of Trustees ndi akuluakulu ogwira ntchito pasukulupo. Asilikaliwo ankalola kuti ana aang’ono amene anali aang’ono kwambiri kuti asakhale ndi mfuti kapena kunyamula mfutizi m’malo abwino azisewera nazo (10). Izi zinaphwanyanso Mgwirizano wa United Nations wokhudza Ufulu wa Mwana (UNCRC) Ndime 38, Ndime 3 yomwe imati Maphwando azipewa kulemba usilikali munthu aliyense amene sanakwanitse zaka khumi ndi zisanu kulowa usilikali. Kodi izi ndi zomwe ankhondo amawononga ndalama zoposa $1m zomwe amapeza kuchokera mu Bajeti ya Maphunziro?

Zimadziwika kuti ntchito zankhondo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa m'mapangano a mayiko omwe amachepetsa kutulutsa mpweya. New Zealand ndiyosiyana ndi lamuloli pomwe mpweya umanenedwa kuti "sikuchitika" monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa (11). Posachedwapa ndege ya ndege inatenga Prime Minister Chris Hipkins kupita ku Australia (12). Kodi sakanakwera ndege yomwe idakonzedwa ndi Air New Zealand?

Pali malo a Defense Force omwe amatsekedwa kwa anthu chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo. Chigamulo cha Khoti la Waitangi chinayikidwa pa malo omwe ali ku North Island omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutero mu December 2009 ndi Adam Heinz (13).

Mu 2021 RNZ idanenanso kuti Devonport Naval Base ndiye malo oipitsidwa kwambiri mdziko muno malinga ndi lipoti la 2019 lomwe linatulutsidwa pansi pa Official Information Act (OIA). Panthawiyo, akuti kuyeretsako kungawononge ndalama zosachepera $28m. Kuphatikiza apo, adanenedwa kuti: Zimenezo sizimaphimba madzi apansi panthaka. Ikusiyanso malo ena oteteza 19, malo otayirako ndi malo ophunzitsira ozimitsa moto, ndipo imayang'ana kwambiri nthaka… Bungwe la Defense Force lili ndi ufulu womasuka ku malamulo ambiri owopsa a dziko. Ndiko kuwunika pafupipafupi momwe malamulo ake amayendera ndi malamulo, koma sanachitepo kafukufuku kuyambira 2016 (14).

New Zealand Navy yatenga nawo gawo pa Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) zankhondo zapamadzi kuyambira osachepera 2012. Ndilo gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lapamadzi padziko lonse lapansi. masewera olimbitsa thupi. RIMPAC ikuchitika kawiri kawiri kuchokera Honolulu, Hawaii ndikuyendetsedwa ndi asitikali apamadzi aku USA. Ngakhale zikuoneka kuti mayiko a pacific rim akuwoneka kuti adalandira mayiko ambiri omwe si a Pacific kuphatikiza Norway ndi Russia. Zochita izi zatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi anthu aku Hawaii chifukwa cha zovuta zake pa nthaka, madzi ndi anthu - makamaka amwenye a ku Hawaii, omwe avutika kwambiri. Zaka 129 akugwira ntchito mosaloledwa kuchokera ku USA Navy (15).

Gulu la Defense Force limagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopangira zida zowononga zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kupereka chithandizo chaulere kwa aliyense. Masukulu atha kuthandizidwa bwino ndi ndalama komanso njira zatsopano zophunzirira. Nyumba zochulukirapo zitha kumangidwanso ngati sitinalipirenso $20B yomwe ikuyembekezeka kulipirira zida zatsopano zankhondo zaka khumi izi.

New Zealand ndi "mnzake" wa North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).

Pa tsamba la NATO akuti: New Zealand yathandizira kwambiri zoyeserera motsogozedwa ndi NATO ku Afghanistan komanso polimbana ndi umbava. Komabe tikudziwanso kuti ena mwa asitikali athu adatenga nawo gawo pakupha anthu osalakwa aku Afghanis omwe ndi chiwonongeko pa buku lathu lokopa. Kodi New Zealand ikuchita chiyani m'gulu lotere lomwe likuyenera kukhala ku Atlantic? Chifukwa chiyani NATO ikupita ku Pacific? (16)

UDINDO WABWINO WA GULU LA KHWIRI TSOPANO POSAKHALA Msilikali

Monga wokhometsa msonkho komanso nzika yolimbikira ndakhala ndikuthandizira zomwe New Zealand idachita pothandiza oyandikana nawo a Pacific. Pakhala masoka achilengedwe ambiri momwe Asitikali athu achitetezo atha kupita mwachangu mwina ndi ndege kapena bwato kapena kumtunda kuti athandizire zofunika pogona, chakudya ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Izi zakhalanso choncho posachedwapa pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho ndi kusefukira kwa madzi m'madera ena a North Island.

Ndidaphunzira koyamba za gulu lankhondo la New Zealand lomwe lidalowa ku Bougainville kudzera mufilimuyi Hakas ndi Guitars ndi Will Watson ndi mtundu wake wautali wa Asilikali opanda Mfuti. Zikuwoneka kuti Unduna wa Zachilendo udachita gawo lalikulu pokwaniritsa mgwirizano womaliza wa magulu omenyera nkhondo ku Msasa Wankhondo wa Burnham ku New Zealand mu 1997. Kumbali yawo Asilikali adagwiritsa ntchito Māori tikanga kapena machitidwe a haka ndi waiata kuti akhulupirire. ku Bougainville komwe kunali nkhondo. Anapanganso akazi a magulu omenyana pobweretsa akazi ankhondo patsogolo. Kugwira ntchito limodzi kwa mabungwe a New Zealand kuti akwaniritse kutha kwamtendere kwa mkangano womwe watenga nthawi yayitali chinali chitsanzo cha momwe New Zealand iyenera kuchitira gawo lake lamtendere padziko lapansi (17).

Kubwerera pa 4 September 2010 pamene mzinda wa Christchurch unagwidwa ndi chivomezi cha 7.1 m'mawa kwambiri, Air Force inatha kuwuluka mu gulu la Urban Search and Rescue (USAR). Asilikali adachokera ku Burnham kudzagwira ntchito ndi Christchurch City Council, New Zealand Police and Civil Defense (18).

Chivomezi chachiwiri cha 6.3 pa 22 February 2011 masana chinawononga kwambiri mzinda wonse. Zinali zamwayi kuti chombo chapamadzi cha amphibious sealift Canterbury anali ku Port Lyttelton atadzaza ndi zida za chochitika ngati chimenecho. Nthambi zonse za chitetezo cha chitetezo zidatenga gawo lawo pothandiza pa nthawi yovutayi (19).

Mu 2019 akatswiri ankhondo adagwira ntchito ndi Waka Kotahi, New Zealand Transport Agency ndi Downer, kampani ya engineering ndi zomangamanga, kuti amange Bailey Bridge ku South Westland Bridge ya Waiho itakokoloka ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. Mlatho wonyamulika wa Bailey wopangidwa kale unali wothandiza kwambiri chifukwa ukhoza kumangidwa pakanthawi kochepa (20).

M'nthawi ya mliri wa Covid mu 2020 a Defense Force adatha kuthandiza ndi malo okhala okhaokha komanso kukhala kwaokha akugwira ntchito ndi apolisi ndi miyambo ndikupereka katemera (21).

Navy ikupezekanso pa ntchito za Search and Rescue. Zikuoneka kuti zimathandiza Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo koma palibe zitsanzo zomwe zinaperekedwa pa webusaitiyi.

M'mbuyomu gulu lankhondo lachitetezo lidali ndi mbiri yabwino yopereka maphunziro ophunzirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana (22). Komabe polankhula lero ndi wachibale amene anali m’gulu la asilikali apamadzi, ndinakhumudwa kumva kuti ngakhale kuti maphunzirowa akukhudza mbali zonse za luso la zamalonda, palibe chiyeneretso cha pepala chimene munthu angakhale nacho ngati wasiya moyo wamba.

NTCHITO YACHITETEZO PADZIKO LONSE: NJIRA YOTSWIRITSA NTCHITO YA NKHONDO

Ndine membala wa World BEYOND War, gulu lapadziko lonse lopanda chiwawa kuti lithetse nkhondo ndikukhazikitsa mtendere wachilungamo komanso wokhazikika ku USA (23). Ndachita maphunziro awo angapo omwe ndapeza kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri koma mosakayikira zitsanzo zawo zambiri ndi zankhondo zomwe zinayambika ndi USA. Komabe ndizothandiza kusokoneza nthano monga nkhondo ndiyoyenera, nkhondo ndiyosapeŵeka ndipo nkhondo ndiyofunikira. Malinga ndi Cultural Anthropologist, Margaret Mead: Nkhondo ndi chinthu chopangidwa - osati chosowa chamoyo. Popeza si mayiko onse amene amachita nkhondo, si mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu (24).

DEMILITARIZE CHITENDERO

World BEYOND War ikupereka Global Security System ngati njira ina yankhondo (25). Amapereka njira zitatu zazikulu kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi.

Choyamba ndikuchotsa chitetezo. Ku New Zealand zitha kutanthauza kutseka zida zankhondo zakunja monga Waihopai ndi Rocket Lab. Zingaphatikizepo kutseka maziko ena a NZ Defense Force ndikukonzanso ndikukonzanso ena. Mapangano operekera zombo zodula, ndege ndi zida zina zankhondo ziyenera kuthetsedwa. New Zealand ikanachoka ku Military Alliances ndikupeza njira zamtendere zaubwenzi ndi mgwirizano. Izi ndi zina mwazosintha zomwe ziyenera kusamaliridwa.

KUKONZERA MKANGANO POPANDA CHIWAWA

Phindu lachiwiri la ndondomekoyi ndikuwongolera mikangano popanda chiwawa. Tidawona izi ku Parihaka ku Taranaki ngakhale Gandhi asanayambe kampeni yake yosagwirizana ndi boma la atsamunda lomwe limapereka msonkho wamchere. Mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse 11, dziko la Denmark lolandidwa ndi Denmark linakana zoyesayesa za Ajeremani zothamangitsa Ayuda mwa kuwazembetsa ku Sweden osaloŵerera m’ndale. The Singing Revolution Ndilo dzina limene linaperekedwa pofotokoza zimene zinachitika pang’onopang’ono zimene zinachititsa kuti dziko la Estonia likhazikitsenso ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1991. Kumeneku kunali kusintha kosachita zachiwawa komwe kunagwetsa dzikoli lachiwawa kwambiri. Inatchedwa Singing Revolution chifukwa cha udindo woimba nyimbo za dziko pa zionetsero zapakati pa ma 1980. Palinso nkhani zina zambiri za kulimba mtima ndi kupambana pogwiritsa ntchito nkhanza.

Erica Chenoweth ndi Maria Stephan, otchulidwa mu World BEYOND War'm buku pa A Global Security System (p.38) adapanga ziwerengero zomwe zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti kuyambira 1900 mpaka 2006 kukana kopanda chiwawa kunali mwayi wopambana kawiri kuposa chiwawa cha zida. Kuphatikiza apo, maulamuliro a demokalase amenewo adakhazikika ndipo sangabwererenso ku ziwawa zapachiweniweni komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Tikufuna amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi mtendere ndi chitetezo monga momwe nkhani ya Bougainville ikusonyezera momveka bwino. Ndipotu, akazi ndi theka la anthu. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona kuti amayi anayi ndi omwe ali Oyang'anira zombo zapamadzi ndi ena awiri omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga momwe adanenera. Navy Today #275 yomwe ilibe tsiku. Pamene FARC (kumasulira kwa Chingerezi: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) ndi boma la Colombia adasindikiza mgwirizano wamtendere pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 50 za nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu 2016 mutu wakuti "Palibe akazi, palibe mtendere" umasonyeza gawo lomwe amayi adachita pakuchita izi.

Anthu ambiri ku New Zealand sangadziwe kuti tili ndi nduna yoyang'anira zida ndi zida. Phil Twyford ndi mtumiki ameneyo koma udindo wake ukuwoneka kuti wachepetsedwa. Komiti ya Public Advisory Committee on Disarmament and Arms Control (PACDAC) ndi komiti ya akadaulo yomwe imalangiza Boma pankhani yochotsa zida ndi kuwongolera zida. Idakhazikitsidwa ndi 1987 New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act. Ngati tsamba lawebusayiti ndi laposachedwa nthawi yomaliza yomwe komiti idakumana inali Seputembara 2022 (26). Mphindizi zikuwonetsa pang'ono za kayendedwe ka New Zealand kapena maboma ena okhudzana ndi kuponyera zida ndi kuwongolera zida.

KUPANGA CHIKHALIDWE CHA MTENDERE

Gawo lachitatu la World BEYOND WarMasomphenya akupanga Chikhalidwe cha Mtendere.

World Beyond War analimbikitsa kuwonjezera udindo wa achinyamata mu mtendere ndi chitetezo. Kumvetsera ndi magulu onse akuluakulu achipembedzo omwe amalongosola "lamulo lamtengo wapatali" la "Chitirani ena zomwe mungafune kwa inu," ndi njira ina yofikira anthu ambiri. Utolankhani wamphamvu, wokhazikika, wofufuzidwa bwino ndi gawo la demokalase yogwira ntchito komanso anthu amtendere.

MASOMPHENYA ANGA PA TSOGOLO KU AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND

Choyamba, ndalama sizidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa zida, zida zankhondo kapena zida zilizonse zokonzekera nkhondo, masewera ankhondo kapena nkhondo yokhayokha, kaya pamtunda, panyanja kapena mumlengalenga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zambiri za Welfare osati Nkhondo.

New Zealand ikadakhala ndi Unduna wa Mtendere womwe ungalowe m'mautumiki onse. Izi zikuphatikizapo chikhalidwe chamtendere m'masukulu onse a maphunziro kuyambira kusukulu za pulayimale mpaka kusukulu zapamwamba ndi kupitirira. Masukulu ambiri ali ndi mapologalamu kale koma izi zingawapititse patsogolo ndi cholinga chothetsa kupezererana kwamtundu uliwonse ndikupanga ubale wosamala.

“Mfundo zamtendere ndizofanana kaya kusukulu, kunyumba, mdera kapena mayiko ena. Umu ndi momwe tingathetsere mikangano yathu mwa njira zopambana mwachitsanzo munjira zokwaniritsa zosowa za anthu onse. Motero maphunziro anga a kusukulu ya ana aang’ono anali kundiphunzitsa bwino ntchito yanga yapadziko lonse yamtendere ndi yochotsera zida.” - Alyn Ware New Zealander & Peace Educator

Popanda mayanjano ankhondo, tinkakulitsa maphunziro athu a luso lamtendere monga amkhalapakati. Anzanu a Quaker ndi Wopuma pantchito wa Foundation Director wa National Center for Peace and Conflict Studies ku Otago University ku Dunedin, Pulofesa Kevin Clements wakhala mlangizi wanthawi zonse kumabungwe osiyanasiyana omwe siaboma komanso mabungwe aboma (27). Tili ndi akatswiri ena aluso omwe angathe kuphunzitsa, kuthandiza ndi kulangiza achinyamata, makamaka.

Kuphunzira maluso oterowo amtendere ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ambiri luso logulitsa katundu ndi ntchito zathu kungatanthauze kuti tipitiliza kupanga mabwenzi kudzera mu malonda, monga momwe timachitira ndi mayiko ngati China.

Maloto anga ndikuwona gulu lopanda zida la Civilian Action Team (CAT) likulowa m'malo mwa Asitikali a Chitetezo ndi magulu ena monga Search and Rescue and Rescue and Civil Defense. Zingatenge zaka zingapo kukonzekera kusintha pang'onopang'ono.

Achinyamata akhoza kuitanidwa kuti alowe nawo kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo asanaphunzire maphunziro apamwamba. Ngati zolimbikitsa, monga kuphunzira kwaulere kuyunivesite paphunziro lililonse komanso kuphatikiza ndalama zolipirira, zikadaperekedwa, pamapeto pake padzakhala anthu ambiri mdera lathu omwe angakhale ndi luso lothandizira pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Pakalipano maphunziro aku yunivesite amaperekedwa koma mu luso lomwe asilikali a chitetezo amafunikira. Izi zitha kuperekedwa kwa aliyense woyenerera yemwe angafune kutenga nawo gawo.

Maphunziro apitiliza kuperekedwa monga kale, koma malipiro abwino, malo ogona, chakudya ndi malo ogwirira ntchito angakope anthu ambiri. Maphunziro aliwonse amalipidwa ndi satifiketi yovomerezeka.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti Defense Force imapereka mwayi kwa ogwira nawo ntchito kuti akhale ndi luso lothandiza komanso lofunikira. Anthu omwe kale anali asitikali atha kukhala ndi luso lomwe lingakhale lothandiza kwambiri. Pakhoza kukhala maphunziro owonjezereka m'madera omwe ukatswiri ukufunikira pa njira yatsopano yoyendetsera ubale wathu ndi mayiko ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amapeza nthawi yochuluka yocheza ndi mabanja awo. Osachepera ndiye samabwera kunyumba ali m'thumba la thupi.

Tikhoza kupitiriza kupezeka kuti tithandize anansi athu ku Pacific nthaŵi iliyonse ndiponso kulikonse ndiponso kulikonse kumene tikufunikira. Komabe sitingafune zombo zomangidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito zankhondo ndipo izi zitha kupulumutsa kwambiri.

Ndalama zopulumutsidwa, posagwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa Kupanga Mtendere, pa Nyumba, Thanzi ndi Maphunziro.

Ogwira ntchito ku CAT atha kukhala ndi zolemba zamtendere kunja ngati mayiko ena atawapempha komanso ngati anthuwo akufuna kupita. Zadziwika ku Gittins (25) kuti malinga ndi Mel Duncan wa Nonviolent Peaceforce mtengo wa akatswiri, wolipidwa, wopanda zida woteteza mtendere unali $50,000 pachaka pamene msilikali ku Afghanistan amawononga $ 1m pachaka.

Ndikupumula mlandu wanga kuti kukhazikitsa mtendere kumawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa kutenthetsa ndipo ndikwabwino kwa aliyense.

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