Chifukwa Ninji Timakhalabe ndi Bomb?

Wolemba William J. Perry ndi Tom Z. Collina, Ogasiti 4, 2020

kuchokera CNN

William J. Perry adatumikira monga undersecretary of Defense for research and engineering in the Carter administration and as secretary of defense in the Clinton administration. Panopa akuwongolera pulojekiti yopanda phindu ya William J. Perry kuti aphunzitse anthu za ziwopsezo za nyukiliya. Tom Z. Collina ndi mkulu wa ndondomeko ku Plowshares Fund, maziko achitetezo padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ku Washington, DC, ndipo agwira ntchito pazokhudza zida za nyukiliya kwa zaka 30. Iwo ndi olemba anzawo a buku latsopano "Batani: Mpikisano Watsopano wa Nuclear Arms Race ndi Mphamvu za Purezidenti kuchokera ku Truman kupita ku Trump.

Purezidenti Harry Truman sakanatha kumvetsetsa bwino mphamvu ya bomba la atomiki pomwe - motsogozedwa naye - United States idagwetsa awiri ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki zaka 75 zapitazo. Koma atangowona zotsatira zake zoopsa - mizinda iwiri yomwe ili mabwinja, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa chinafika pofika Akuti 200,000 (malinga ndi mbiri ya dipatimenti ya Mphamvu ya Manhattan Project) - Truman atsimikiza kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito The Bomb ndipo adafuna "kuchotsa zida za atomiki ngati zida zankhondo," (Pamene iye pambuyo pake anakana kuti asagwiritse ntchito Bomba pa Nkhondo yaku Korea, sanachitepo kanthu).

Atsogoleri amtsogolo aku America ochokera m'magulu awiriwa adagwirizana kwambiri ndi Truman pamfundoyi. “Simungathe kukhala ndi nkhondo ngati imeneyi. Palibe zipolopolo zokwana zoti zichotse mitembo mumsewu,” anati Purezidenti Dwight Eisenhower mu 1957. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, mu 1968, Purezidenti Lyndon Johnson inayinidwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wopereka US ku zida za nyukiliya womwe ukugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano. Poyang'anizana ndi zionetsero zazikulu m'zaka za m'ma 1980 komanso pambuyo potsutsana ndi kuphulika kwa nyukiliya, Purezidenti Ronald Reagan. amafuna “kuthetsedwa kotheratu” kwa zida za nyukiliya “padziko lapansi.” Kenako, mu 2009, Purezidenti Barack Obama adalowa pampando kufunafuna "mtendere ndi chitetezo cha dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya."

Ngakhale mawu oterowo komanso kuyesayesa mobwerezabwereza pamaboma apamwamba kuti aletse Bomb, akadali amoyo komanso ali bwino. Inde, zida zankhondo zaku US ndi Russia zatsika kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Cold War, kuyambira za Nkhondo 63,476 mu 1986, malinga ndi Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, kufika pa 12,170 chaka chino. malinga ku Federation of American Scientists - zokwanira kuwononga dziko kambirimbiri.

Tsopano, pansi pa Purezidenti Donald Trump, Bomba likukumana ndi china chake chotsitsimutsa. Trump ndi kukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoposa $1 thililiyoni pa zida zanyukiliya zaku US pazaka makumi atatu zikubwerazi. Ngakhale tili ndi zinthu zabwinoko zomwe tingawonongere ndalamazo, monga kuyankha ku coronavirus ndikumanganso chuma, olimbikitsa The Bomb atsimikizira Congress kuti ipereke ndalama zothandizira zida zanyukiliya kuti zilowe m'malo mwa sitima zapamadzi, zoponya mabomba ndi zida zoponya pansi ngati Cold. Nkhondo sizinathe. Ambiri a Congress sali okonzeka kutsutsa akuluakulu a Pentagon ndi makontrakitala a chitetezo omwe amalimbikitsa zida zatsopano za nyukiliya, poopa kuti adzaukiridwa ndi adani awo ngati "ofewa" pachitetezo.

Nthawi yomweyo, olamulira a Trump akusiya mapangano owongolera zida. Lipenga adachoka kuchokera ku Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty chaka chatha ndipo ndi kukana kuti tiwonjezere Pangano Latsopano la START Treaty lomwe lidzatha mu February 2021. Izi zingatisiye opanda malire otsimikizika pa mphamvu za nyukiliya zaku Russia kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka makumi asanu, ndipo mwina zititsogolera ku mpikisano wowopsa wa zida zankhondo.

Ndiye, chinalakwika ndi chiyani? Timayankha funso ili m'nkhani yathu buku latsopano, "Batani: Mpikisano Watsopano wa Nuclear Arms Race ndi Mphamvu za Purezidenti kuchokera ku Truman kupita ku Trump." Nazi zomwe tapeza.

1. Bomba silinachokepo. Zinatengera gulu lamphamvu landale m'zaka za m'ma 1980, monga gulu la Black Lives Matter masiku ano potengera zokambirana za anthu makamaka pakati pa achinyamata, kuti ziwonetsere kuopsa kwa mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya ndikuthetsa. Koma pamene zida zankhondo zidatsika pambuyo pa kutha kwa Cold War koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, anthu adaganiza kuti izi zitha kudzisamalira zokha. Nkhawa inasamukira kuzinthu zina zofunika, monga kusintha kwa nyengo, kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ndi kulamulira mfuti. Koma popanda kukakamizidwa ndi anthu, ngakhale apurezidenti olimbikitsa ngati a Obama adapeza zovuta kumanga ndi kuchirikiza chifuniro cha ndale chomwe chikufunika kusintha mfundo zozikika.
2. Bomba limakula bwino m'mithunzi. Kugwira ntchito pansi pa radar ya ndale, kayendetsedwe ka Trump ndi magulu ake a nyukiliya, monga kale National Security Advisor. John Bolton komanso Kazembe Wapadera wa Purezidenti pano pa Kuwongolera Zida Marshall Billingslea, apezerapo mwayi pa kupanda chidwi kwa anthu kumeneku. Bomba tsopano ndi nkhani ina yomwe ma Republican angagwiritse ntchito kupanga ma Democrat kuti awoneke ngati "ofooka." Monga nkhani yandale, Bomba lili ndi madzi okwanira pakati pa osunga malamulo kuti asunge ma Democrat ambiri pachitetezo, koma osakwanira ndi anthu wamba kuti alimbikitse ma Democrat kuti akankhire kusintha kwenikweni.
3. Purezidenti wodzipereka sikokwanira. Ngakhale pulezidenti wotsatira atadzipereka kuti asinthe ndondomeko ya nyukiliya ya US, atakhala pampando adzakumana ndi kukana kwakukulu kuti asinthe kuchokera ku Congress ndi makontrakitala a chitetezo, pakati pa ena, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzigonjetsa popanda kuthandizidwa mwamphamvu ndi anthu. Tikufuna madera akunja amphamvu kuti akakamize apulezidenti kuti achitepo kanthu. Tili ndi gulu lamphamvu pankhani za ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi zina, koma nthawi zambiri siziphatikiza zida za nyukiliya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zambiri zomwe zimalowa pakumanganso zida za nyukiliya zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiwongola dzanja chothandizira kuthana ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga coronavirus, kutentha kwadziko komanso kufanana kwamitundu. Pamapeto pake, Bomba likadali nafe chifukwa, mosiyana ndi zaka za m'ma 1980, palibe gulu lalikulu lomwe likufuna kuti tisiye. Ndipo palibe mtengo wandale kwa purezidenti kapena mamembala a Congress omwe akupitiliza kuvotera ndalama zambiri za zida zanyukiliya kapena kusokoneza mapangano omwe amawalepheretsa.

Zowopseza za The Bomb sizinathe. Ndipotu, iwo akuipiraipira m’kupita kwa nthaŵi. Purezidenti Trump ali ndi ulamuliro wokha kuyambitsa nkhondo yanyukiliya. Akhoza kuyambitsa zida za nyukiliya poyamba poyankha chenjezo labodza, ngozi zophatikizika ndi ziwopsezo za pa intaneti. Gulu lankhondo la Air Force likumanganso zida zoponya pansi za US $ 100 biliyoni ngakhale kungawonjezere ngozi yoyambitsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya molakwika.

Zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu kuchokera ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, tikulowera njira yolakwika. Yakwana nthawi yoti anthu aku America azisamala za nkhondo yanyukiliya - kachiwiri. Ngati sititero, atsogoleri athu sangatero. Ngati sitithetsa Bomba, Bomba litithetsa.