Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, September 30, 2022
Ndikuthokoza ndi mtima wonse komanso mwachidwi buku laposachedwa la Andrew Bacevich, Pa Kuwononga Zakale Zachikale, pafupifupi aliyense. Ndili ndi malingaliro achiwiri pakulimbikitsa masamba a 350 otsutsa kutentha kwa iwo omwe ali kale patsogolo pake ndipo amvetsetsa kufunikira kothetsa nkhondo ndi zankhondo zinthuzo zisanachitike.
Bacevich samatchula nkhondo imodzi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi tsiku lomwe amathandizira kapena kulungamitsa. Amagwirizana momveka bwino ndi mgwirizano wa US blob pa WWII koma amawona kuti ndizosafunikira kudziko lomwe lasinthidwa kwambiri - ndipo nkoyenera. Buku langa, Kusiya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, onse amatsutsa nthano ndikutsimikiza kuti WWII ndi yopanda ntchito kukonzanso asilikali masiku ano. Ndipo komabe, Bacevich akutsimikizira kuti mutha kulungamitsa nkhondo "pamene njira zina zonse zokwaniritsira zolinga zenizeni zatha kapena sizikupezeka. Dziko liyenera kupita kunkhondo pokhapokha ngati liyenera kutero - ndipo ngakhale pamenepo, kuthetsa mkanganowo mwachangu momwe kungathekere kuyenera kukhala kofunikira. "
M'masamba owoneka bwino a 350, odziwika bwino m'mbiri akutsutsa mwamphamvu nkhondo, Bacevich samafinya m'mawu amodzi pazomwe "cholinga chenicheni" chingakhale, kapena kufotokozera komwe kungawonekere kumatanthauza kutheratu, kapena kutanthauzira kulikonse. udindo wothetsa nkhondo mwamsanga uyenera kuchititsa kapena kusachititsa kuti nyukiliya iwonongeke. Komanso Bacevich saganizira mozama kapena kudzudzula kapena kuchita ndi aliyense mwa olemba ambiri, kuphatikiza mtsogoleri wa mpingo wake, yemwe amafuna kuti nkhondo ithe. Sitikupatsidwa chitsanzo cha nkhondo yovomerezeka kapena zochitika zongoganizira za momwe munthu angakhalire. Ndipo komabe, Bacevich akufuna kuti asitikali achinyengo aku US ayang'anenso pa ziwopsezo zenizeni komanso zomwe zikubwera - ndipo, mumangoganiza, palibe kufotokozera komwe kuli.
Akufunanso kuyeretsedwa kwa maofesala onse a nyenyezi zitatu ndi zinayi, ndi "chofunikira kuti akwezedwe m'ndende ya anthu omwe ali m'ndende yophunzitsidwanso ndi Iraq ndi Afghanistan amputees, ndi maphunziro opangidwa ndi Veterans For Peace." Kuti ambiri odulidwa ziwalo zotere sanapite ku United States ndipo amalankhula Chingelezi chochepa ndipo sakanaphunzitsa akuluakulu ankhondo aku US sikofunikira pano, chifukwa Bacevich - munthu akhoza kutsimikiza kutengera maumboni angapo okhudza ovulala - amatanthauza okhawo odulidwa a US. Koma pali vuto kunena kuti Veterans For Peace aphunzitsa asitikali aku US. Veterans For Peace amagwira ntchito yothetsa nkhondo. Sichingavomereze ngakhale ndalama za boma la US kwa ozunzidwa ndi Agent Orange, chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi kukhulupirika kwa bungwe lake monga wotsutsa zankhondo za US - nkhondo zonse za US (ndi zankhondo za wina aliyense).
Ndi kulakwitsa komveka. Ndayesa kupempha omwe akuwalimbikitsa kuti achotse ndalama kupolisi kuti athandizire maphunziro ochepetsa apolisi, ndipo adauzidwa kuti izi ndi ndalama zomwe apolisi amapeza ndipo ndiye vuto. Ndapemphanso a libertarian kuti athandizire kusuntha ndalama zankhondo kuti achepetse misonkho komanso ndalama za zinthu zabwino ndikuuzidwa kuti ndalama zothandizira anthu ndi zachilengedwe sizili bwino kuposa kuthandizira nkhondo. Koma tiyenera kuyembekezera kumvetsetsa koyambira kuthetseratu nkhondo, ngakhale ngati sitikugwirizana nazo komanso ngakhale kuseka. Ndemanga ya Bacevich ikhoza kukhala nthabwala ya malirime. Koma Bacevich akulengeza kuti: "ino si nthawi yochita theka" osazindikira kuti kwa wothetsa nkhondo, kuphunzitsa asitikali aku US ndikokwanira theka.
Inde, ndikumvetsa. Bacevich akulembera anthu omwe achita misala, osakhala ndi mawu amtendere kulikonse pazofalitsa zamakampani. Ntchito yake ndikutsutsa zomwe amazitcha moyenerera kukhazikika kwa nkhondo. Akhoza ngakhale kukayikira mobisa kuti kuthetseratu kungakhale lingaliro labwino. Koma kodi kunena zimenezo kukanapindula chiyani? Ndibwino kusuntha zinthu kumbali imeneyo, ndikulola mpikisano wa zida zobwerera kumbuyo ndikumvetsetsa kosinthika komanso kupita patsogolo kuti kuthetsedwe pang'onopang'ono kuwonekere kovomerezeka. . . ndiyeno thandizirani.
Vuto limodzi ndi njira imeneyo, ndikukhulupirira, owerenga omwe amaganiza. Ndikutanthauza, chikhala chiyani kwa wowerenga yemwe akufuna kudziwa ndendende momwe nkhondo yachilendo iyenera kukhalira? Kodi chili kuti chitsanzo cha anthu m'nthawi yomwe ili ndi nkhondo yolondola komanso yoyenerera ngati chinthu chachilendo? Pambuyo pa mafunso osiyanasiyana a Bacevich a ndale omwe amasunga nkhondo zosiyanasiyana pambuyo poti "zikuwonekeratu kuti nkhondo ndi yolakwika," kodi munthu angachite chiyani ndi wowerenga yemwe amafunsa kuti nkhondo yomwe si yolakwika ikuwoneka bwanji? Pambuyo powerenga zomwe Bacevich akutsutsa mobwerezabwereza za asilikali a US chifukwa cholephera kupambana nkhondo iliyonse, bwanji ngati wowerenga akufunsa kuti nkhondo yopambana idzawoneka bwanji ndipo (ngati kufotokozera koteroko kunali kotheka) zingakhale zabwino zotani kupambana nkhondo?
Pano pali vuto lovuta kwambiri. Bacevich ananena kuti asilikali a ku United States amene anamwalira pa nkhondo zaposachedwapa “anafera m’dziko lawo. Za zimenezo palibe chikaiko. Kaya anafa kuti apititse patsogolo ufulu kapena moyo wa United States ndi nkhani inanso.” Bacevich akupitiriza kunena kuti nkhondo zakhala zikumenyedwa chifukwa cha "mafuta, ulamuliro, hubris," ndi zinthu zina zosasangalatsa. Ndiye, bwanji sindikuloledwa kukayikira kuti uwu wakhala ntchito ku dziko? M'malo mwake, ndingapewe bwanji kukayikira kuti kuwononga mabiliyoni ambiri a madola omwe akanatha kusintha miyoyo ya mabiliyoni ambiri, kupha ndi kuvulaza ndikupanga anthu mamiliyoni ambiri opanda pokhala, kuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe komanso kukhazikika kwandale komanso ulamuliro. zamalamulo ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha US ndi dziko lonse lapansi - ndingapewe bwanji kukayikira kuti uwu ndi ntchito iliyonse?
Bacevich, m'malingaliro anga, ali ndi vuto lina lomwe lingakhale losiyana ndi thandizo lake losunga nkhondo. Monga omenyera ufulu omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, amapewa lingaliro lililonse loti boma la US lisunthire ndalamazo ku chilichonse chothandiza kapena kuchita chilichonse. Ndiwodabwitsa pazomwe boma la US liyenera kusiya kuchita. Koma palibe zokambirana zochotsa nkhondo ndi mgwirizano kapena malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Bacevich amaika "ngongole" pamndandanda wake wazovuta zazikulu, osati njala, osati umphawi. Koma ngati wina angaganizire zankhondo yabwino yomwe idzayambike mawa, kodi ingachite zabwino zambiri kuposa kuvulaza zaka zapitazi za 80, osati nkhondo zoipa zokha, osati kungokonza chiwopsezo cha nyukiliya, komanso kupatulidwa kwa zinthu zotere kutali ndi zosowa za anthu zomwe zatayika kwambiri chifukwa chazimenezo kuposa nkhondo? Ndipo ngakhale tikanatha kulingalira, m'dongosolo lamakono la malamulo ndi maboma, nkhondo yolungama ikuwonekera pakati pa mazana ambiri osalungama, kodi tilibe udindo wokonza zosintha zomwe zimapanga njira zina zankhondo?
Vuto lalikulu ndi wowerenga yemwe amaganiza, ndikukayikira, ndilo lingaliro lankhondo. Pali zomveka kwa izo. Ngati mumakhulupirira kuti payenera kukhala kapena payenera kukhala nkhondo, ndiye kuti zimakhala zomveka kufuna kukhala okonzeka kupambana zonsezi, komanso kufuna kuziyambitsa m'malo mopangitsa ena kuti azikutsutsani. Zachidziwikire, sitidzafika pakuthetsa nkhondo popanda kuchepetsa nkhondo pang'onopang'ono. Koma kumvetsetsa kuti tikuthetsa nkhondo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale nzeru zambiri kuposa lingaliro lochita nkhondo pakati. Zoonadi tikukhala mu nthawi yomwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amaganiza kuti Mulungu ndi Kumwamba ndi zenizeni koma samapereka mphindi iliyonse yodzuka (kwenikweni si lingaliro losakhalitsa) kwa iwo, monga momwe ndikanachitira ndikadapanga tanthauzo lililonse la kukhulupirira motere. zinthu. Zachabechabe ndi zotsutsana nthawi zonse sizimalepheretsa magulu andale, koma - zonse zofanana - kodi sitiyenera kuzipewa?
Atapereka mlandu wothetsa nkhondo zonse ndi kugwetsa zida zonse zosawerengeka mabuku ndi nkhani ndi Makanema, sindikwanitsa pano, koma ndilozera aliyense amene ali ndi chidwi a webusaiti zomwe zimayesa kusokoneza wamba zifukwa kuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhondo, ndi kupereka a mndandanda za zifukwa zothetsa nkhondo. Ndemanga za komwe mlanduwo walephera kumayamikiridwa kwambiri. Tachita zosiyanasiyana poyera zokambirana pamutuwu ndipo angakonde kukhala ndi mkangano waubwenzi ndi Bacevich. Pakadali pano, apa pali mabuku omwe amathandizira kuthetsa nkhondo zonse. Ndikuganiza kuti amalimbikitsa kubweza kwambiri, koma kusunga, gulu lankhondo liyenera kuchita nawo ndikuwonetsa zolakwika za mabukuwa.
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A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017 .
Mlandu Wopambana Kulimbana ndi Nkhondo: Nchiyani America Anasowa M'kalasi Yakale ya US ndi zomwe Ife (Zonse) Tingachite Tsopano ndi Kathy Beckwith, 2015.
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Nkhondo ndi Kuphulika: Kufufuza Kwambiri Laurie Calhoun, 2013.
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Nkhondo Sipadzakhalanso: Mlandu Wothetseratu ndi David Swanson, 2013.
Mapeto a Nkhondo ndi John Horgan, 2012.
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Kuchokera ku Nkhondo kupita ku Mtendere: Zotsogoleredwa Kwa Zaka Zaka Zitapitazo ndi Kent Shifferd, 2011.
Nkhondo Ndi Bodza ndi David Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo: Ubwino Wathu wa Mtendere ndi Douglas Fry, 2009.
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Kukhetsedwa Mwazi Kwambiri: Malangizo 101 Achiwawa, Zowopsa, Ndi Nkhondo Lolemba ndi Mary-Wynne Ashford ndi Guy Dauncey, 2006.
Dziko Lapansi: Zida Zankhondo Posachedwa lolemba Rosalie Bertell, 2001.
Anyamata Adzakhala Anyamata: Kuswa Mgwirizano Pakati Pa Umuna Ndi Chiwawa cholembedwa ndi Myriam Miedzian, 1991.
