Matani theka la miliyoni a methane akukwera kuchokera papaipi yowonongeka ya Nord Stream. Chithunzi: Swedish Coast Guard
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, February 22, 2023
Ndi nkhondo ya Ukraine tsopano ikufika pachimake cha chaka chimodzi pa February 24, anthu a ku Russia sanapambane pankhondo koma ngakhalenso mayiko a Kumadzulo sanakwaniritse zolinga zake pankhani yazachuma. Pamene dziko la Russia linalanda dziko la Ukraine, dziko la United States ndi mayiko amene ankagwirizana nawo ku Ulaya analumbira kuti apereka zilango zomwe zingachititse kuti dziko la Russia ligwade n’kuchoka.
Zilango zaku Western zitha kukhazikitsa Iron Curtain yatsopano, makilomita mazana ambiri kum'maŵa kwa yakale, kulekanitsa dziko lakutali, logonjetsedwa, lachiwembu la Russia kuchokera ku West yogwirizana, yopambana komanso yotukuka. Sikuti Russia yangolimbana ndi vuto lazachuma, koma zilango zakula - kugunda mayiko omwe adawakakamiza.
Zilango zaku Western ku Russia zidachepetsa kupezeka kwamafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi, komanso zidakweza mitengo. Choncho dziko la Russia linapindula ndi mitengo yokwera, ngakhale kuti katundu amene amatumiza kunja anatsika. Bungwe la International Monetary Fund (IMF) imanena kuti Chuma cha Russia chinangotsika ndi 2.2% mu 2022, poyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa 8.5%. Mapa, ndipo ikuneneratu kuti chuma cha Russia chidzakula ndi 0.3% mu 2023.
Kumbali ina, chuma cha Ukraine chatsika ndi 35% kapena kupitilira apo, ngakhale $ 46 biliyoni yothandizira zachuma kuchokera kwa okhometsa misonkho a US mowolowa manja, pamwamba pa $ 67 biliyoni pazankhondo.
Chuma cha ku Europe nachonso chikupita patsogolo. Pambuyo pakukula ndi 3.5% mu 2022, chuma cha dera la Euro chili zoyembekezeka Kuyimirira ndikukula 0.7% yokha mu 2023, pomwe chuma cha Britain chikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi 0.6%. Germany idadalira kwambiri mphamvu zaku Russia zomwe zidatumizidwa kumayiko ena akulu aku Europe kotero, zitakula pang'ono 1.9% mu 2022, zikuyembekezeredwa kukhala ndi kukula kocheperako kwa 0.1% mu 2023. Makampani aku Germany akuyembekezeka kulipira pafupifupi 40% yowonjezera mphamvu mu 2023 kuposa momwe zidakhalira mu 2021.
United States sinakhudzidwe mwachindunji kuposa ku Europe, koma kukula kwake kudachepa kuchoka pa 5.9% mu 2021 mpaka 2% mu 2022, ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitilirabe kutsika, mpaka 1.4% mu 2023 ndi 1% mu 2024. Pakadali pano India, yomwe sinalowererepo. pogula mafuta ku Russia pamtengo wotsika, akuyembekezeka kusunga kukula kwake kwa 2022 kopitilira 6% pachaka kudutsa 2023 ndi 2024. China idapindulanso pogula mafuta aku Russia otsika komanso pakuwonjezeka kwa malonda ndi Russia 30%. mu 2022. chuma China ndi zoyembekezeka kukula pa 5% chaka chino.
Opanga mafuta ndi gasi ena adapeza phindu lopanda pake chifukwa cha zilangozo. GDP ya Saudi Arabia idakula ndi 8.7%, yothamanga kwambiri pazachuma zonse zazikulu, pomwe makampani amafuta aku Western adaseka mpaka kubanki kukayika. $ Biliyoni 200 mu phindu: ExxonMobil inapanga $56 biliyoni, mbiri yakale yamakampani amafuta, pomwe Shell idapanga $40 biliyoni pomwe Chevron ndi Total idapeza $36 biliyoni iliyonse. BP idapanga "28 biliyoni" $ biliyoni yokha, pomwe idatseka ntchito zake ku Russia, koma idachulukitsa phindu lake la 2021.
Ponena za gasi wachilengedwe, US LNG (gasi wamadzimadzi) monga Cheniere ndi makampani ngati Total omwe amagawa gasi ku Europe ali. Bwerezerani Kupereka kwa Europe kwa gasi wachilengedwe waku Russia wokhala ndi gasi wosweka kuchokera ku United States, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kanayi mitengo yomwe makasitomala aku US amalipira, komanso ndi zoopsa zotsatira za nyengo za fracking. Nyengo yozizira ku Europe komanso ndalama zokwana $850 biliyoni Ndalama zothandizira boma ku Ulaya m'mabanja ndi makampani adabweretsa mitengo yamagetsi ku 2021, koma pambuyo pake spiked kuchulukitsa kasanu m'chilimwe cha 2022.
Ngakhale kuti nkhondoyi inabwezeretsa kugonjera kwa Ulaya ku US hegemony mu nthawi yochepa, zotsatira zenizeni za nkhondoyi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Purezidenti wa ku France Emmanuel Macron adanena"Masiku ano pankhani yazandale, pakati pa mayiko omwe amathandizira Ukraine, pali magulu awiri omwe akupangidwa pamsika wa gasi: omwe amalipira kwambiri komanso omwe akugulitsa pamitengo yokwera kwambiri… United States ndiyomwe imapanga mpweya wotsika mtengo womwe amaupanga. akugulitsa pamtengo wokwera… sindikuganiza kuti zimenezo n’zaubwenzi.”
Chinthu chopanda chifundo kwambiri chinali kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi a mpweya wa Nord Stream omwe anabweretsa gasi waku Russia ku Germany. Seymour Hersh inanena kuti mapaipiwo anaphulitsidwa ndi United States, mothandizidwa ndi Norway—maiko awiri omwe achotsa Russia kukhala mayiko aŵiri a ku Ulaya. yaikulu ogulitsa gasi. Kuphatikizidwa ndi mtengo wokwera wa gasi wosweka waku US, izi zatero kutengeka mkwiyo pakati pa anthu a ku Ulaya. M'kupita kwa nthawi, atsogoleri a ku Ulaya angaganize kuti tsogolo la derali lidzakhala lodziimira pa ndale ndi zachuma kuchokera ku mayiko omwe akuyambitsa nkhondo, ndipo izi zikuphatikizapo United States ndi Russia.
Ena opambana pankhondo ku Ukraine adzakhala opanga zida, olamulidwa ndi US "akulu asanu" a US: Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon ndi General Dynamics. Zida zambiri zomwe zidatumizidwa ku Ukraine pakadali pano zachokera ku nkhokwe zomwe zilipo kale ku United States ndi mayiko a NATO. Chilolezo chopanga masheya okulirapo chinadutsa ku Congress mu Disembala, koma mapangano omwe adatulukawo sanawonekerebe pazogulitsa zamakampani a zida kapena malipoti a phindu.
Wolowa m'malo wa Reed-Inhofe Kusintha ku FY2023 National Defense Authorization Act idavomereza "nthawi yankhondo" mapangano azaka zambiri, osapempha "kubweza" zida zotumizidwa ku Ukraine, koma kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe ziyenera kugulidwa zimaposa ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Ukraine mpaka 500 mpaka imodzi. . Mkulu wakale wa OMB a Marc Cancian adati, "Izi sizikulowa m'malo mwa zomwe tapereka [Ukraine]. Ikupanga nkhokwe zankhondo zazikulu zapansi [ndi Russia] m'tsogolomu.
Popeza zida zangoyamba kumene kugubuduza mizere yopanga zosungira izi, kuchuluka kwa phindu lankhondo lomwe likuyembekezeredwa ndi makampani ankhondo akuwoneka bwino, pakadali pano, mu 2022 kuwonjezeka kwamitengo yawo: Lockheed Martin, kukwera 37%; Northrop Grumman, mpaka 41%; Raytheon, mpaka 17%; ndi General Dynamics, kukwera 19%.
Ngakhale kuti mayiko ndi makampani angapo apindula ndi nkhondoyi, mayiko omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi mkanganowo akukumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Russia ndi Ukraine akhala akugulitsa kwambiri tirigu, chimanga, mafuta ophikira ndi feteleza padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhondo ndi zilango zadzetsa kusowa kwa zinthu zonsezi, komanso mafuta onyamula, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti mitengo yapadziko lonse ikhale yokwera kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake ena otayika kwambiri pankhondoyi ndi anthu aku Global South omwe amadalira zochokera kunja chakudya ndi feteleza ochokera ku Russia ndi Ukraine kuti angodyetsa mabanja awo. Egypt ndi Turkey ndi omwe amagulitsa tirigu wamkulu ku Russia ndi Ukraine, pomwe mayiko ena khumi ndi awiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri amadalira Russia ndi Ukraine popereka tirigu wawo, kuchokera ku Bangladesh, Pakistan ndi Laos kupita ku Benin, Rwanda ndi Somalia. khumi ndi zisanu Maiko aku Africa adatumiza tirigu wopitilira theka kuchokera ku Russia ndi Ukraine mu 2020.
Black Sea Grain Initiative yoyendetsedwa ndi UN ndi Turkey yachepetsa vuto lazakudya m'maiko ena, koma mgwirizanowu udakali wovuta. Iyenera kukonzedwanso ndi UN Security Council isanathe pa Marichi 18, 2023, koma zilango zaku Western zikuletsabe kutumizira kunja kwa feteleza ku Russia, zomwe zikuyenera kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha ntchito yambewu. Mkulu wa UN wothandiza anthu a Martin Griffiths idauza Agence France-Presse pa February 15 kuti kumasula feteleza ku Russia "ndikofunikira kwambiri."
Pambuyo pa chaka chakupha ndi chiwonongeko ku Ukraine, tikhoza kulengeza kuti opambana pa zachuma pa nkhondoyi ndi: Saudi Arabia; ExxonMobil ndi anzake akuluakulu amafuta; Lockheed Martin; ndi Northrop Grumman.
Otayikawo ndi, choyamba, anthu operekedwa nsembe ku Ukraine, kumbali zonse za kutsogolo, asilikali onse omwe ataya miyoyo yawo ndi mabanja omwe ataya okondedwa awo. Komanso mu gawo lotayika akugwira ntchito ndipo anthu osauka kulikonse, makamaka m'maiko a Global South omwe amadalira kwambiri chakudya ndi mphamvu zochokera kunja. Chomaliza koma chocheperako ndi Dziko Lapansi, mlengalenga ndi nyengo yake - zonse zimaperekedwa nsembe kwa Mulungu Wankhondo.
N’chifukwa chake pamene nkhondoyo ikulowa m’chaka chachiwiri, padziko lonse pali kulira kokulirapo kwa magulu ankhondowo kuti apeze njira zothetsera mavutowo. Mawu a pulezidenti wa ku Brazil, Lula, akusonyeza maganizo amene ankakula. Atakakamizidwa ndi Purezidenti Biden kutumiza zida ku Ukraine, iye anati, “Sindikufuna kulowa nawo nkhondoyi, ndikufuna kuithetsa.”
Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies ndi omwe adalemba Nkhondo ku Ukraine: Kumvetsetsa Mkangano Wopanda Nzeru, yopezeka ku OR Books mu Novembala 2022.
Medea Benjamin ndiye woyambitsa wa CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikizapo M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Mwazi M'manja Mwathu: Kubowola Kwa America ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Iraq.
