Kodi Purezidenti Wathu Woyipa Kwambiri Ndi Ndani? Ganizirani Izi Pomwe Chiwopsezo cha 75 Chakafika

Wolemba Paul Lovinger, Julayi 21, 2020

kuchokera Mbiri News Network

Pulofesa wa Princeton Sean Wilentz, yemwe amaphunzitsa mbiri ya Nkhondo Yakusintha ndi mbiri yakale yaku America, akuganizira za Donald Trump "mosakayikira Purezidenti woyipitsitsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya America."

In Stone Rolling, Anatchulanso "kusachita bwino kwa a Trump m'miyezi yapitayi, kukulitsa mavuto omwe abwera chifukwa cha mliri wakuphayo wa COVID-19, kukonza zomwe zadzetsa mavuto azachuma, komanso kuyipitsa mpungwepungwe."

Olowa m'malo mwawo ndi a James Buchanan ndi a George W. Bush, ndipo sangafanane ndi mbiri ya a Trump ya "kubweretsa kapena kukulitsa mavuto atatu nthawi imodzi ..."

Ndikuwona a Donald ndi George W. atamangidwa malo achiwiri. Bush tiyeni 9/11 ichitike, ndiye adayigwiritsa ntchito popereka zifukwa zankhanza ku Afghanistan ndi (kupanga mafuta) ku Iraq. Anayambitsanso kuzunzidwa kwa akaidi.

Kutsutsana ndi Pulofesa Wilentz motsutsana ndi Trump kungakhale kwamphamvu, kuwonjezera zolakwika zakunja. Malangizo anga:

• Ngakhale ndikulonjeza mtendere mu kampeni yake yoyamba, Purezidenti Trump adakulitsa komanso kukulitsa nkhondo ku Asia ndi Africa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuphulitsidwa kwa Syria, yomwe nzika Trump idachenjeza mobwerezabwereza. Congress idaletsa chilichonse mwa izi.
• Adapha kazembe wa Iran ndikuwopseza Iran ndi Venezuela (onse opanga mafuta).
• Kuphwanya malemba motsutsana ndi zotumiza kunja zomwe zimalimbikitsa mikangano ndi kutumiza kunja kwa adani a ufulu waumunthu, iye wathandizira bomba la Saudi Arabia kuphulitsa anthu wamba aku Yemeni. Amapitilizanso nyukiliyazokhumba. Popanda mphamvu zalamulo, adaganizira zopanga malamulo pochotsa mapangano paokha. Izi zikuphatikiza Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Therapy (INF) yochepetsera mizere ya nyukiliya; ndi Open Mlengalenga, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mikangano.
• Wamanga anthu othawa kwawo movomerezeka, nkumawalekanitsa ana ndi makolo.
• Mfundo zake zimatengera momwe zingakhudzire zofuna zake pandale komanso bizinesi. Kunyalanyaza thandizo ku Ukraine pokhapokha atafufuza a Joe Biden adamupangitsa kuti abweretsedwe. Amati adafunsa China kugula nyemba zambiri zaku US kuti upambane mavoti kuchokera kwa alimi aku America.

Zodabwitsanso zitha kuwonjezeka Novembara 3. Mu 2011 ndi 2012, a Trump analosera mobwerezabwereza kuti Purezidenti Obama zunza Iran kuthandiza kukonzanso kwake. Chifukwa chake ngati kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero kumapangitsa Trump kukhala wokhumba, atha kuyesa zomwe adaganizira za Obama: nkhondo yatsopano.

Pakadali pano, pano pali woimira wanga paudindo wa "Purezidenti Woipitsitsa Kwambiri ku America."

Adawapatsa helo

"Apatseni helo, Harry!" othandizira a Harry S. Truman nthawi zambiri anali kufuula pamisonkhano yokopa anthu. Ndipo adavumbitsa gehena pa anthu awiri Akumawa.

Truman anali a haberdasher aku Missouri omwe adakhala woweruza, senator, komanso wachiwiri kwa prezidenti asanachitike President Purezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt pa Epulo 12, 1945.

Posachedwa wofalitsa yemwe amalankhula nawo m'derali amatchedwa Truman "m'modzi wa atsogoleri athu apamwamba kwambiri." Ndimayika Truman pathanthwe.

Amayamikiridwa chifukwa chotsogolera komiti ya Senate yomwe imasanthula zinyalala ndi zochulukirapo pakupanga zankhondo, poletsa kusankhana kwa magulu ankhondo, komanso chifukwa chothandizira azachuma aku Europe pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Marshall Plan. Koma kukula ndi zotsatira zake zoipa za zoyipa zake zimaposa zonse zabwino.

Choyambirira, Truman idayambitsa dziko lapansi kuti igwiritse ntchito zida za nyukiliya.

Pa Ogasiti 6, 1945, adadzudzula ana, azimayi, ndi amuna okwana 180,000 a mzinda wa Hiroshima kuti aphedwe. Pochita izi, adanyalanyaza kuletsa kwa bungwe la Hague Convention pa kuzunza anthu, kuwombera anthu osatetezeka, ndi manja kuyambitsa mavuto osaneneka.

Tangoganizirani. Bomba lomwe limasunthira nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa dzuwa, limasiyitsa anthu ndi nyumba zazitali kwambiri pamtambo wa bowa. Mkazi wokhala ndi mwana osinthidwa makala. Khungu limagwa m'matupi a anthu. Anthu owonera chakuphulikacho, maso awo akusungunuka. Mphepo yamakilomita 500 pa ola limodzi kuyamwa anthu kuchokera nyumba. Magalasi amatsika pamtunda wamakilomita 100 pa ola limodzi - akutumikira ngati ma guillotines (Kuyambira Dr. Helen Caldicott).

Truman adalengeza kupambana kwankhondo ndi asayansi: "Nthawi yayitali, ndege yaku America idaponya bomba limodzi ku Hiroshima ndikuwononga kufunika kwake kwa adani .... Tsopano tawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwatsopano ndi kuwononga zinthu kuwononga zinthu ... Tawononga $ 2 biliyoni pa juga yayikulu kwambiri yasayansi m'mbiri ndipo tapambana. ” Iye anatchula anthu achijapani kamodzi kokha — kutanthauza kuti “adzawonongedweratu” ngati atsogoleri atakana mawu a ku United States.

Truman analibe nazo chiyembekezo zosewerera "Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse," zomwe nthawi zambiri amazipempha. Adagona bwino. Atakondwera ndi zojambula m'manja, pa Ogasiti 9 adazungulira Nagasaki. Atafika kumeneko anapha anthu ena oposa 100,000.

Kodi adachita bwanji?

Chikhulupiriro chofala - chomwe Truman ndi ndodo anathandizira kufalitsa chinali chakuti mabombawa anapulumutsa anthu achiamerika ambiri pomaliza nkhondo mwachangu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wa ku Japan ulibe kanthu. Sanatchule aliyense kwa bambo waku Missouri, yemwe anangokhala chiwawa machitidwe awo omwe adawatcha "Japs," "Chinamen," ndi "osokoneza."

Kwenikweni, boma la Japan lidayesa kutero kudzipereka pamaso kuphulitsa. Truman anadziwa izi, zikuwoneka ndi zolemba zake mu Julayi 18, 1945, pokambirana ndi Prime Minister Churchill: "Stalin adauza PM wa telegraph kuchokera kwa Jap Emperor kufunsa mtendere. "

Mulimonsemo, kodi zida zatsopanozi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa anthu-kawiri? Kwa munthu amene amawona kuti Japan ndi wopusa, yankho lake linali ngati loti inde. Kusiyana kwa bomba la "Mwana Wamng'ono" ndi bomba la "Fat Man" kukusonyeza kuti anthu anali ngati nkhumba zapaulendo poyesa zida zatsopano.

Kupita patsogolo kwa Gulu Lankhondo Lofiira la Soviet, lomwe linali molimba mtima pomenya nkhondo ndi Japan, mosakayikira lidakhudza Truman. Mabombawa amawonetsa aku Russia ndi dziko lapansi omwe anali abwana.

Kumbukiraninso, wapampando wa Komiti ya Truman adatulutsa zinyalala pakupanga zankhondo. Maganizo ake pa mabomba okwera ma atomiki atha kufotokozedwa mufunso (lotchulidwa kwa a Donald Trump): "Ngati tili nawo, bwanji osawagwiritsa ntchito?"

Masiku ano mayiko asanu ndi anayi ali ndi bomba pafupifupi 13,400 a bomba la nyukiliya, 6,372 a iwo aku Russia komanso 5,800 aku America. Olimba kwambiri, bomba la haidrojeni la ku Russia, ndi bomba la 3,800 Hiroshima.

Nkhondo yowononga moyo wonse wa anthu yawopseza mobwerezabwereza. Komabe patatha zaka 75, demokalase yathu yomwe amaganiza kutiyi imaperekabe zida za chiwonongeko kwa munthu m'modzi, ngakhale atakhala wopusa, wopanda chidwi, wosazindikira, kapena wodana naye.

Kodi Purezidenti aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zochuluka chonchi?

Korea ndi zina

Truman adapanga Purezidenti woyambitsa nkhondo. 

Mpaka pomwe adalamula gulu lankhondo kupita ku Korea popanda chilolezo cha Congress, palibe aliyense m'boma la America yemwe adanenetsa kuti Purezidenti angayambitse nkhondo mwalamulo. Zolemba zamtunduwu oyambitsa awonetsetse malingaliro awo kuti asunge ulamulirowu ku Congress.

Akuyembekeza kulowa kumpoto kwa North Korea ndi June 25, 1950, Truman anali wofunitsitsa kuti amenyane nawo. Gulu la Soviet lomwe kulibe (likutsutsa a Red China osakhala), pa 27^th adapatsa mamembala anayi okhazikika a UN Security Council kuti awononge chigamulo chake.

Pangano la United Nations linali litasainidwa pa June 26, 1945, ku San Francisco, likulonjeza kuthetsa “mliri wankhondo”. Zinkafunika zonse zisanu mamembala okhazikika kuti agwirizane pa chilichonse.

Nkhondo ya Truman, ikukula ngati apolisi a United Nations 'idayamba pa June 30, 1950. Inatha mu chisokonezo komanso m'manja mwa a Eisenhower pa Julayi 27, 1953, patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Truman atachoka pansi.

Nkhondoyi idatenga anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu. Oposa theka anali anthu wamba, ovutitsidwa kwambiri ndi kumpoto. Kuwononga yamizinda ndi matauni okhala ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Mtolankhani IF Stone adalemba kuti: "Uku ndikuwonongeka kwamakhalidwe." Ngakhale a General MacArthur adadandaula za nkhanzazi.

Zigawenga za nkhondo zikuphatikizaponso boma kupha anthu za anthu wamba. Mlandu waku North Korea wa nkhondo zachilengedwe adakanidwa mozungulira ndi Washington koma mwina potengera zoonadi. Nkhondo ili pafupi nyukiliya.

Ku United States kufa kwa anthu opitilira 54,000 (kulipira koyambirira) kapena ena 37,000 (chiwongola dzanja). Gulu la "odzipereka" aku China nawonso adagonja.

Purezidenti aliyense pambuyo pake amatsata Truman pomenya nkhondo, mopitilira kapena mwachinsinsi, popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi chisankho koyamba komwe Constitution ikufuna. Anthu enanso mamiliyoni ambiri amwalira kunkhondo zosavomerezeka ku Vietnam Cambodia, Laos, Panama, Iraq, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libya, Somalia, Syria, Yemen, ndi kwina.

Monga kuti kuwononga nyukiliya ndi nkhondo yapulezidenti sizinali zopereka zokwanira ku mbiri yakale—

• Truman adachita kuti Russia ndi Germany zisinthane monga mdani komanso mdani, adayambitsa nkhondo yozizira ndi Russia, ndikulemba ganyu a Nazi kuti apange zida zankhondo yolimbana ndi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ya America.
• Mu 1947, chiphunzitso cha Truman chinabwera. Zimatanthawuza kukonzekera kwathunthu kunkhondo, US ngati wapolisi wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi wolimbikitsa maboma anti-Red, ngakhale akuponderezana.
• Ngakhale adalankhula zakumayiko akunja, adakhazikitsa ulamuliro wowopsa panyumba, nthawi yosaka mfiti. Adawopsezanso zachiwawa kwa wotsutsa nyimbo yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito ufulu atolankhani potulutsa kuyimba kwa Margaret Truman, mwana wamkazi wa Harry.

Paul W. Lovinger ndi mtolankhani komanso wolemba ku San Francisco. Woyambitsa Nkhondo ndi Law League, akhoza kufikiridwa http://www.warandlaw.org.