Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, February 7, 2022
Ndawonjeza buku pamndandanda wanga womwe ukukulirakulira wowerengera zothetsa nkhondo, zomwe zili pansi pankhaniyi. Ndayika bukhu Anyamata Adzakhala Anyamata m’munsi kwenikweni pa ndandandayo, osati chifukwa chakuti ili yochepa kwambiri, koma chifukwa chakuti ndi yoyambirira, imene inafalitsidwa zaka khumi ena onse asanachitike. Mwinanso ndi buku lomwe - mwina limodzi ndi zikoka zina zambiri - lakhudza kwambiri mpaka pano, pazomwe tawona zikuyenda bwino kwambiri. Zina mwazosintha zachikhalidwe zomwe likufuna zakwaniritsidwa pamlingo wina - zina osati kwambiri.
Anyamata Adzakhala Anyamata: Kuswa Mgwirizano Pakati pa Umuna ndi Nkhanza Wolemba Myriam Miedzian (1991) akuyamba ndi kuzindikira kuti nkhanza zapayekha ndi zachimuna mosagwirizana, komanso kumvetsetsa kuti nkhani za akatswiri amaphunziro ndi mbiri yakale za umunthu nthawi zambiri zimatengera amuna ndi anthu ngati kusinthana. Miedzian ankakhulupirira kuti izi zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti akazi afunse funso la "mystique yachikazi" (ngati akazi ali ndi zolakwika, bwanji osakayikira zomwe zili zachibadwa ndikuganiza zosintha?) kuweruzidwa? Ndithu, Osati kwa akazi! Ndipo ngati simungathe kudzudzula ngati mwamuna mochulukirachulukira chinthu chomwe ndi chachimuna kwambiri, mutha kukhala ndi vuto lothana ndi vuto la chiwawa. (Mwa amuna ndikutanthauza amuna a chikhalidwe china, koma kutsutsa chikhalidwe cha azungu poyerekezera ndi zikhalidwe zina sikunayambe kutchuka kwambiri m'chikhalidwe cha azungu.)
Zikhulupiriro izi zatanthawuza china chosiyana m'zaka kuyambira 1991. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikhoza kusintha kuchoka pakuwona kutenga nawo mbali kwa usilikali kwa amayi monga chochitika chachilendo ndikuchiwona ngati chabwinobwino, ngakhale chosiririka, popanda kusintha gawo limodzi la nthano iliyonse. chiphunzitso cha "munthu". M'malo mwake, zakhalabe (osachepera kwa akatswiri odziwa zankhondo) osapeŵeka "chilengedwe chaumunthu" kutenga nawo gawo pankhondo mosasamala kanthu kuti amayi adachita kapena ayi (ndipo mwina si vuto lomwe amuna ambiri samachitanso). Mfundo yakuti "chibadwa chaumunthu" chikhoza kuganiziridwa kuti chisinthe kuchoka ku nkhondo kupita kunkhondo sikungowonjezera mwayi woti "chibadwa chaumunthu" chikhoza kusintha kuchoka ku kutenga nawo mbali mpaka kuleka - chifukwa palibe chinthu monga "munthu wamwamuna." chirengedwe” - chilichonse chomwe anthu ena amachita pakali pano ndi "chibadwa chaumunthu" chonsecho.
Koma tinene kuti tikuvomereza, monga mmene anthu ambiri amachitira masiku ano kuposa zaka XNUMX zapitazo, kuti ziwawa zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa anthu, zimene ena akhala nazo ndipo akhala nazo zochepa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi anthu a m’dera lathu, kuti ena sagwiriridwa kapena kuphana. nkhondo yochepa, yomwe m'dera lathu chiwawa chambiri ndi amuna, ndipo kuti chinthu chachikulu kwambiri pa izi ndikulimbikitsana kwa chikhalidwe chowonera chiwawa ngati champhongo chodabwitsa, bwanji - ngati chiripo - izi zikutiuza za nkhondo, za ndale kapena zida. opindula kapena akatswiri azama TV omwe amalimbikitsa nkhondo (akazi akuwoneka kuti ali okonda nkhondo monga amuna mu dongosolo lozikidwa pa nkhondo), kapena za amayi omwe amachita nawo zankhondo mwachindunji (omwe amalowa nawo amachita zomwe amauzidwa mochuluka kapena zochepa. monga momwe amuna amachitira)?
Chabwino, sizikutiuza kuti kulembera ndi kusankha akazi m'gulu lomwe thandizo lankhondo lasinthidwa kuchokera ku umuna wodabwitsa kupita ku America modabwitsa kudzachepetsa zankhondo. Sizikanatiuza konse zimenezo. Imatiuza kuti akazi kuti atenge ulamuliro ku Washington, DC, ayenera kukondweretsa eni ake atolankhani omwewo, kugulitsa ziphuphu kwa anthu omwe amachitira kampeni kampeni, kugwira ntchito ndi matanki onunkha omwewo, ndikugwirizana ndi machitidwe omwe amuna amachitira. Miedzian adatchula m'buku lake kafukufuku yemwe adapeza kuti omenyera nkhondo ambiri aku Vietnam adawona kuti a John Wayne akukhala ngati chilimbikitso chachikulu, komanso kafukufuku wa amuna apamwamba ku Pentagon, Senate, ndi White House omwe adavomereza kuti pomwe US ndi USSR inali ndi nukes kuti iwononge dziko lapansi nthawi zambiri zinalibe kanthu kuti ndi boma liti lomwe linali nalo kuposa lina koma adavomerezanso kuti zidawapangitsa kumva bwino kukhala ndi zambiri. Kumverera kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha mmene anyamata analeredwera, zimene makosi awo a mpira anawapatsa mphoto, zimene anawona akutsanzira Hollywood, ndi zina zotero. kwa atsikananso. Pakadapanda zikhulupiriro zakale zokhuza kugonana pakati pa mamembala a Republican Congress, a Democrat akadawonjezera kale azimayi kuti akalembetse mokakamiza.
Chifukwa chake, inde, chikhulupiriro chanu pakufunika kolimbana ndi Vladimir Putin powopseza nkhondo kudziko lakutali lodzaza ndi amuna, akazi, ndi ana, ali ndi udindo waukulu ku lingaliro loyipa lachimuna lomwe amayi akugula kwambiri ngati chatsopano. ukazi komanso. Timafunika kumvetsetsa bwino. Tikufunika kuthekera kochotsa lamulo la Rule Based Order ngati masewera a anyamata ang'onoang'ono komanso kufuna boma lomwe limatsatira malamulo m'malo mwake.
Koma tapita patsogolo ndithu pa zinthu zina. Ndewu zankhonya zili pansi kwambiri. Nkhanza zapaokha sizimanyansidwa, ndipo sizilimbikitsidwa mwa amayi kapena abambo. Ndipo kutsutsa kwa "wimp" kwa ndale zankhondo zosakwanira zomwe zinali mumlengalenga pomwe Miedzian amalemba ndi, ndikuganiza pansi. Monga wochirikiza nkhondo zaku US, sindinatchulidwepo kuti ndine munthu wamba kapena wamkazi, ndi zina zotero, wopanduka, mdani, kapena chitsiru. Zachidziwikire, takhala tikukulitsa kwambiri zaka za ma Seneta ndi Purezidenti, ndipo zotsutsa zomwe mwina adakumana nazo zaka makumi angapo zapitazo zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.
Miedzian amapereka mayankho ambiri. Ena tapita patsogolo momveka bwino (osati kupambana kwaulemerero komaliza, koma kupita patsogolo) pa, osachepera m'magulu ena amadera ena, kuphatikizapo abambo omwe amasamalira ana kwambiri, kuthetsa mantha aakulu a kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuthetsa kupezerera anzawo, kutsutsa zachipongwe ndi nkhanza, ndi kuphunzitsa anyamata kusamalira ana aang’ono ndi makanda. Kusukulu imene ana anga amapita kaŵirikaŵiri inali ndi makalasi achikulire othandiza achichepere. (Sindidzatchula sukulu kuti ndiyamikire chifukwa kutsutsa nkhondo sikunali kovomerezeka monga zina mwazinthu izi.)
Zambiri zomwe Miedzian amalemba za nkhondo zidakali zofunikira kwambiri ndipo zikanalembedwa lero. Chifukwa chiyani, akudabwa kuti, kodi kuli bwino kupatsa ana mabuku otchedwa "Famous Battles of World History" pamene sitingachite chimodzimodzi ndi "Famous Witch Burnings of World History" kapena "Famous Public Hangings"? Kodi nchifukwa ninji buku limodzi la mbiri yakale silinenapo kuti anyamata ayenera kuti anali osokera m’malo mochita ngwazi poguba kukapha anthu amene sanakumanepo nawo? “Anthu ambiri,” analemba motero Miedzian, “ali okhoza kudziletsa mopambanitsa ponena za zochita zomwe zimawonedwa kukhala zochititsa manyazi kwambiri ndi zochititsa manyazi. Timatha kulamulira machitidwe a thupi lathu, ngakhale atakhala ovuta, chifukwa tikhoza kukhumudwa tikapanda kutero. Kuti anthu apulumuke m’nyengo ya nyukiliya, kuchita zachiwawa kungakhale kochititsa manyazi monga mmene kumachitira kukodza kapena kuchita chimbudzi pamaso pa anthu.”
Chaputala 8 chachikulu cha Miedzian, chofotokoza za “Kuchotsa Ulemerero M’nkhondo ndi Kusaphunzira Kusaphunzira,” ndicho chimene chikufunikabe kwambiri. Akufuna, m'mitu ina, kuchotsa chiwawa m'mafilimu ndi nyimbo ndi wailesi yakanema ndi masewera ndi zoseweretsa, ndi mabungwe ankhanza pa miyoyo ya ana. Sindinavomereze zambiri. Koma ndikuganiza zomwe timaphunzira pazaka zambiri mukulimbana kumeneku ndikuti timakhala achindunji komanso achindunji omwe titha kukhala abwinoko. Ngati mukufuna anthu omwe amawona nkhondo ngati yosavomerezeka, musayang'ane chilichonse pazakudya zitatu zomwe zimayamba ndikukonzanso umwini wa kanema wawayilesi. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire. Koma yang'anani kwambiri pakuphunzitsa anthu mwanjira iliyonse yomwe mungathe kuti nkhondo ndiyosavomerezeka. Ndicho chimene World BEYOND War imagwira ntchito.
Ndili ndi zotsutsana zochepa ndi bukuli kuyambira 1991 kusiyana ndi mabuku ambiri oletsa nkhondo omwe adasindikizidwa kuyambira 2020, koma ndikukhumba kuti chinthu chosangalatsa cha Munich chikadapanda kukhala mmenemo. Kuti phunziro lolakwika akhoza kutipha ife tonse.
NKHONDO YOMAGWIRIZO WA NKHONDO:
Kuzindikira Ntchito Zankhondo Wolemba Christian Sorensen, 2020.
Sipadzakhalanso Nkhondo lolemba ndi Dan Kovalik, 2020.
Kuteteza Anthu lolemba Jørgen Johansen ndi Brian Martin, 2019.
Kuphatikizidwa Kuphatikizidwa: Bukhu Lachiwiri: America Amakonda Nthawi ndi Mumia Abu Jamal ndi Stephen Vittoria, 2018.
Okonza Mtendere: Oopsya a Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki Ayankhula ndi Melinda Clarke, 2018.
Kulepheretsa Nkhondo ndi Kulimbikitsa Mtendere: Chitsogozo cha Ophunzira Zaumoyo lolembedwa ndi William Wiist ndi Shelley White, 2017.
Ndondomeko Yamalonda Yamtendere: Kumanga Dziko Lopanda Nkhondo ndi Scilla Elworthy, 2017.
Nkhondo Sitili Yokha ndi David Swanson, 2016.
A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017 .
Mlandu Wopambana Kulimbana ndi Nkhondo: Nchiyani America Anasowa M'kalasi Yakale ya US ndi zomwe Ife (Zonse) Tingachite Tsopano ndi Kathy Beckwith, 2015.
Nkhondo: A Crimea Against Humanity ndi Roberto Vivo, 2014.
Kuchita Chikatolika ndi Kuthetsa Nkhondo ndi David Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Nkhondo ndi Kuphulika: Kufufuza Kwambiri Laurie Calhoun, 2013.
Kusintha: Chiyambi Cha Nkhondo, Kutha kwa Nkhondo ndi Judith Hand, 2013.
Nkhondo Sipadzakhalanso: Mlandu Wothetseratu ndi David Swanson, 2013.
Mapeto a Nkhondo ndi John Horgan, 2012.
Kusandulika ku Mtendere ndi Russell Faure-Brac, 2012.
Kuchokera ku Nkhondo kupita ku Mtendere: Zotsogoleredwa Kwa Zaka Zaka Zitapitazo ndi Kent Shifferd, 2011.
Nkhondo Ndi Bodza ndi David Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo: Ubwino Wathu wa Mtendere ndi Douglas Fry, 2009.
Kulimbana ndi Nkhondo ndi Winslow Myers, 2009.
Kukhetsedwa Mwazi Kwambiri: Malangizo 101 Achiwawa, Zowopsa, Ndi Nkhondo Lolemba ndi Mary-Wynne Ashford ndi Guy Dauncey, 2006.
Dziko Lapansi: Zida Zankhondo Posachedwa lolemba Rosalie Bertell, 2001.
Anyamata Adzakhala Anyamata: Kuswa Mgwirizano Pakati Pa Umuna Ndi Chiwawa cholembedwa ndi Myriam Miedzian, 1991.
