Wolemba Lawrence Wittner, Peace & Health Blog, February 11, 2022
Othirira ndemanga pavuto lomwe lilipo pano ku Ukraine nthawi zina amafananiza ndi vuto la mizinga yaku Cuba. Uku ndikufanizira kwabwino - osati chifukwa chakuti onsewa amakhudza kulimbana koopsa kwa US ndi Russia komwe kungayambitse nkhondo yanyukiliya.
Mkati mwavuto la ku Cuba la 1962, mkhalidwewo unali wofanana modabwitsa ndi umene uli Kum’maŵa kwa Yuropu lerolino, ngakhale kuti maulamuliro aakulu anasinthidwa.
Mu 1962, Soviet Union idalowa m'malo omwe boma la US lidadzifotokozera pokhazikitsa zida zanyukiliya zapakati ku Cuba, dziko lomwe lili pamtunda wamakilomita 90 okha kuchokera ku US. magombe. Boma la Cuba lidapempha kuti mizingayi ikhale yolepheretsa kuwukira kwa US, kuwukira komwe kumawoneka ngati kotheka chifukwa cha mbiri yayitali ya kulowererapo kwa US ku Cuba, komanso kuwukira kwa Bay of Pigs komwe adathandizidwa ndi US mu 1961.
Boma la Soviet linali lovomerezeka ku pempholi chifukwa likufuna kutsimikizira mnzake watsopano waku Cuba za chitetezo chake. Zinkaonanso kuti kutumizidwa kwa mizinga kungapangitse ngakhale mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ku US. boma linali litaponya kale zida zanyukiliya ku Turkey, kumalire a Russia.
Malinga ndi boma la US, mfundo yakuti boma la Cuba linali ndi ufulu wodzipangira okha zisankho zachitetezo komanso kuti boma la Soviet likungotengera mfundo za US ku Turkey kunalibe tanthauzo locheperako kuposa lingaliro lake loti sipangakhale kulolerana zikafika. kudera lachikhalidwe la US ku Caribbean ndi Latin America. Motero, Purezidenti John F. Kennedy analamula US. Kutsekereza kwapamadzi (komwe adachitcha kuti "quarantine") kuzungulira Cuba ndikuti sangalole kukhalapo kwa zida zanyukiliya pachilumbachi. Kuti ateteze kuchotsedwa kwa mizinga, adalengeza kuti, "sadzabwerera" ku "nkhondo ya nyukiliya yapadziko lonse lapansi."
Pambuyo pake, vuto lalikululi linathetsedwa. Kennedy ndi Prime Minister waku Soviet Nikita Khrushchev adagwirizana kuti USSR ichotsa mizinga ku Cuba, pomwe Kennedy adalonjeza kuti sadzaukira Cuba ndikuchotsa zida za US ku Turkey.
Tsoka ilo, anthu padziko lonse lapansi adasiya kusamvetsetsa momwe mikangano ya US-Soviet idathetsedwera mwamtendere. Chifukwa chake chinali chakuti kuchotsedwa kwa mizinga ya US ku Turkey kunali kobisika. Choncho, zinkawoneka kuti Kennedy, yemwe adachita movutikira poyera, adapambana chigonjetso chachikulu cha Cold War pa Khrushchev. Kusamvetsetsana kofala kunasimbidwa m’mawu a Mlembi wa Boma a Dean Rusk akuti amuna aŵiriwo anaima “m’diso ndi diso,” ndipo Khrushchev “anaphethira.”
Zomwe zidachitika, komabe, monga tikudziwira tsopano chifukwa chavumbulutsidwa pambuyo pake ndi a Rusk ndi Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, ndikuti Kennedy ndi Khrushchev adazindikira, mwa kukhumudwa kwawo, kuti mayiko awo awiri okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya adafika pachiwopsezo chowopsa. anali kuthamangira ku nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Zotsatira zake, adakambirana mwachinsinsi kwambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino. M’malo moika mizinga m’malire a mayiko aŵiriwo, iwo anangoiponya. M'malo molimbana ndi dziko la Cuba, boma la US linasiya lingaliro lililonse lakuukira. Chaka chotsatira, motsatira moyenerera, Kennedy ndi Khrushchev adasaina Pangano Loletsa Kuyesa Kwapadera, mgwirizano woyamba padziko lonse wa zida za nyukiliya.
Zowonadi, kutsika kutha kuthetsedwa mogwirizana ndi mikangano yamasiku ano pa Ukraine ndi Eastern Europe. Mwachitsanzo, maiko ambiri amderali alowa nawo NATO kapena akufunsira kutero chifukwa choopa kuti Russia iyambiranso kulamulira mayiko awo, boma la Russia litha kuwapatsa zitsimikiziro zoyenera zachitetezo, monga kulowanso nawo gulu lankhondo la Conventional Armed Forces. European Treaty, yomwe Russia idachokako zaka zopitilira khumi zapitazo. Kapena mayiko omwe akukangana atha kuwonanso malingaliro a European Common Security, odziwika mu 1980s ndi Mikhail Gorbachev. Osachepera, Russia iyenera kuchotsa zida zake zazikuluzikulu, zomwe zidapangidwira kuti ziwopsezedwe kapena kuwukira, kuchokera kumalire a Ukraine.
Pakadali pano, boma la US litha kutenga njira zake zochepetsera kuchulukirachulukira. Zitha kukakamiza boma la Ukraine kuti livomereze njira ya Minsk yodzilamulira m'chigawo chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Ikhozanso kuchita nawo misonkhano yanthawi yayitali yachitetezo cha Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo komwe kutha kupanga mgwirizano kuti athetse mikangano ku Eastern Europe nthawi zambiri. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zilipo motsatira izi, kuphatikiza kusintha zida zankhondo ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza m'magulu a NATO a East Europe. Komanso palibe chifukwa cholimbikira kulandira umembala wa NATO waku Ukraine, chifukwa palibe dongosolo loganiziranso umembala wake mtsogolomu.
Kulowererapo kwa gulu lachitatu, makamaka ndi United Nations, kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Kupatula apo, zingakhale zochititsa manyazi kwambiri kuti boma la US livomereze pempho la boma la Russia, kapena mosemphanitsa, kuposa kuti onse awiri avomereze pempho lopangidwa ndi akunja, ndipo mwina salowerera ndale. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchotsa asitikali aku US ndi NATO m'malo mwa asitikali a UN kumayiko akum'mawa kwa Europe kungadzutse chidani chochepa komanso kufuna kulowererapo ndi boma la Russia.
Pamene vuto la mizinga yaku Cuba linatsimikizira Kennedy ndi Khrushchev, mu nthawi ya zida za nyukiliya palibe zambiri zomwe zingapezeke-ndipo zambiri zomwe zidzatayike-pamene maulamuliro akuluakulu akupitiriza machitidwe awo azaka mazana ambiri akujambula zigawo zachikoka komanso kuchita nawo masewera apamwamba. kulimbana ndi asilikali.
Zowonadi, nafenso, titha kuphunzira kuchokera kumavuto aku Cuba ― ndipo tiyenera kuphunzirapo - ngati titi tipulumuke.
Dr. Lawrence S. Wittner (www.lawrenceswittner.com/) ndi Professor of History Emeritus ku SUNY / Albany ndi mlembi wa Kulimbana ndi Bomba (Stanford University Press).
