Likulu la NATO ku Brussels (Chithunzi: NATO)
Wolemba Medea Benjamin ndi Nicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, February 23, 2021
The February chokumanako A NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Organisation) Atumiki achitetezo, woyamba kuyambira Purezidenti Biden atenga mphamvu, awulula mgwirizano wachikale, wazaka 75 kuti, ngakhale kulephera kwawo kunkhondo ku Afghanistan ndi Libya, tsopano ukutembenuzira misala yake yankhondo ku zowopsa zina ziwiri , adani okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya: Russia ndi China.
Mutuwu udatsimikizidwa ndi Secretary of Defense wa United States a Lloyd Austin mu Washington Post op-ed Msonkhano wa NATO usanachitike, akuumirira kuti "zikhalidwe zankhanza komanso zokakamiza kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo olimba mtima monga China ndi Russia zilimbikitsanso chikhulupiriro chathu pachitetezo chonse."
Kugwiritsa ntchito Russia ndi China kupereka zifukwa zomenyera nkhondo zankhondo zakumadzulo ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri mgwirizanowu "Njira Yachikhalidwe, ”Yotchedwa NATO 2030: United For a New Era, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kufotokozera ntchito yake padziko lapansi pazaka khumi zikubwerazi.
NATO idakhazikitsidwa ku 1949 ndi United States ndi mayiko ena 11 Akumadzulo kuti akathane ndi Soviet Union komanso kuwuka kwa chikominisi ku Europe. Kuyambira kutha kwa Cold War, yakula mpaka mayiko 30, ikufalikira ndikuphatikiza ambiri a Kum'mawa kwa Europe, ndipo tsopano ili ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yosalekeza yopanga nkhondo mosaloledwa, kuphulitsa anthu wamba komanso milandu ina yankhondo.
Mu 1999, NATO idakhazikitsa nkhondo popanda chilolezo cha UN kuti ipatutse Kosovo ndi Serbia. Ndege zake zosaloledwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Kosovo zidapha anthu mazana ambiri, ndipo mnzake wapamtima, Purezidenti wa Kosovo a Hashim Thaci, tsopano akuimbidwa mlandu wowopsa milandu ya nkhondo anachita mothandizidwa ndi kampeni ya bomba la NATO.
Kutali ndi North Atlantic, NATO yamenya nkhondo limodzi ndi United States ku Afghanistan kuyambira 2001, ndikuukira Libya ku 2011, ndikusiya a kulephera ndi kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu la othawa kwawo.
Gawo loyamba la kuwunika kwa Strategic Concept kwa NATO kumatchedwa Gulu la Kusinkhasinkha la NATO 2030 lipoti. Izi zikumveka zolimbikitsa, popeza NATO mwachidziwikire komanso mwachangu iyenera kulingalira za mbiri yamagazi yake. Nchifukwa chiyani bungwe lomwe ladzipereka kuti lithetse nkhondo ndikusunga mtendere likupitiliza kuyambitsa nkhondo, kupha anthu masauzande ambiri ndikusiya mayiko padziko lonse lapansi atadzazidwa ndi ziwawa, zipolowe komanso umphawi?
Koma mwatsoka, kudziyang'ana koteroko sizomwe NATO ikutanthauza "kuwunikira." Gulu Losinkhasinkha m'malo mwake likuyamika NATO ngati "mgwirizano wankhondo wopambana kwambiri m'mbiri," ndipo zikuwoneka kuti watenga tsamba kuchokera m'bukhu lamasewera la Obama mwa "kungoyembekezera," popeza ikupitilira zaka khumi zatsopano zakumenyana ndi asitikali ake.
Udindo wa NATO mu "Cold" War "yatsopano" ndikubwezeretsanso gawo lawo lakale mu Cold War yoyambirira. Izi ndizophunzitsa, chifukwa zimafufuza zifukwa zoyipa zomwe United States idaganiza zopanga NATO koyambirira, ndikuwadziwitsa kuti mbadwo watsopano wa anthu aku America ndi aku Europe awunikire momwe zinthu ziliri masiku ano.
Nkhondo iliyonse yaku US ndi Soviet Union kapena Russia nthawi zonse imayika azungu molunjika ngati omenyera komanso ozunzidwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya NATO ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu aku Europe akupitilizabe kuchita izi mu mapulani ankhondo aku America.
Monga a Michael Klare akufotokozera mu Lipoti la NATO Watch pa NATO 2030, chilichonse chomwe US ikuchita ndi NATO "cholinga chake ndikuphatikizira ku US kukonzekera kumenya ndi kugonjetsa China ndi Russia pankhondo zonse."
Dongosolo lankhondo laku US lakuukira Russia, lomwe limatchedwa "Asitikali aku US mu Multi-Domain Operations," limayamba ndi zida zoponya zida zankhondo zaku Russia ndi magulu achitetezo, kenako ndi kuwukira kwa asitikali ankhondo kuti akalande madera ofunikira. ndi malo mpaka Russia itapereka.
Mosadabwitsa, njira zodzitetezera ku Russia poyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo chotere sichingakhale kudzipereka, koma kubwezera United States ndi anzawo ndi zida za nyukiliya.
Zolinga zankhondo zaku US zakuukira China ndizofanana, zomwe zimakhudza mivi yomwe idaponyedwa m'madzi ndi m'madzi ku Pacific. China sinadziwike konse za mapulani ake achitetezo, koma ngati kukhalapo kwake komanso kudziyimira pawokha zitawopsezedwa, iwonso atha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya, monganso United States ikadasinthira malowa. Koma ayi - popeza palibe dziko lina lomwe lili ndi makina ankhondo oyenera kuwukira United States.
A Michael Klare amaliza kunena kuti NATO 2030 "ikupereka mamembala onse mgulu lankhondo lamtengo wapatali, lowononga ndalama ndi Russia ndi China lomwe liziwayika pachiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha nkhondo ya zida za nyukiliya."
Ndiye anthu aku Europe amamva bwanji pantchito yawo yankhondo yaku America? European Council on Foreign Relations posachedwapa yapanga kafukufuku wozama wa anthu 15,000 m'maiko khumi a NATO ndi Sweden, ndipo adafalitsa zotsatira mu lipoti lotchedwa "The Crisis of American Power: Momwe Azungu Amaonera Biden's America."
Ripotilo likuwonetsa kuti ambiri aku Europe sakufuna kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo yaku US ndi Russia kapena China ndipo amafuna kuti asatenge mbali. Ndi 22% yokha omwe angathandizire kutenga mbali yaku US pomenya nkhondo ndi China, 23% pomenya nkhondo ndi Russia. Chifukwa chake malingaliro aku Europe aku Europe akutsutsana kwambiri ndi gawo la NATO munkhondo zaku America.
Pazokhudzana ndi transatlantic paubale, zazikulu m'maiko ambiri aku Europe zimawona kuti ndale zaku US zasokonekera ndipo ndale za mayiko awo zili bwino. Makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi a azungu amakhulupirira kuti China idzakhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa United States m'zaka khumi, ndipo ambiri amawona Germany ngati mnzake wofunikira komanso mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi kuposa United States.
Ndi 17% yokha aku Europe omwe amafuna kulumikizana kwambiri ndi United States, pomwe ochepa, 10% aku France ndi Germany, amaganiza kuti mayiko awo akusowa thandizo la America poteteza dziko lawo.
Chisankho cha Biden sichinasinthe malingaliro a azungu kwambiri kuchokera ku kafukufuku wakale ku 2019, chifukwa akuwona kuti Trumpism ndi chizindikiro cha mavuto ozika mizu komanso okhalitsa ku America. Monga fayilo ya olemba akumaliza, "Ambiri aku Europe amakayikira kuti Biden angabwezeretse Humpty Dumpty kuti akhalenso ogwirizana."
Ra gibt auch pushback mwa azungu ku zofuna za NATO kuti mamembala azigwiritsa ntchito 2% yazogulitsa zawo podzitchinjiriza, cholinga chosankha 10 yokha ya 30 Mamembala akumana. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mayiko ena atero kufikira chandamale cha NATO osakweza ndalama zawo zankhondo chifukwa COVID yasokoneza ma GDP awo, koma mamembala a NATO omwe akuvutika pachuma sangayike patsogolo ntchito zankhondo.
Kusagwirizana pakati pa udani wa NATO ndi chuma cha ku Europe kumangozama kuposa kungogwiritsa ntchito nkhondo. Pomwe United States ndi NATO zimawona Russia ndi China makamaka ngati zowopseza, mabizinesi aku Europe amawawona ngati othandizana nawo. Mu 2020, China idalanda US ngati European Union's Wogulitsa woyamba ndipo kumapeto kwa 2020, EU idamaliza zonse mgwirizano wamalonda ndi China, ngakhale madera aku US.
Maiko aku Europe alinso ndi ubale wawo wachuma ndi Russia. Germany idakali yodzipereka pa payipi ya Nord Stream 2, mtunda wamagesi wautali wamtunda wa ma 746 womwe umayambira kumpoto kwa Russia kupita ku Germany - ngakhale monga oyang'anira a Biden mayitanidwe ndi "chinthu choyipa" ndipo akuti chimapangitsa Europe kukhala pachiwopsezo cha "chinyengo" cha Russia.
NATO ikuwoneka kuti siyikudziwa kusintha kwamasiku ano, ngati kuti ikukhala pa pulaneti ina. Mbali yake imodzi Chosinkhasinkha Gulu lipotilo likunena kuti kuphwanya malamulo aku Russia ku Crimea ndichomwe chimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa ubale ndi azungu, ndipo lanenanso kuti Russia iyenera "kubwerera motsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi." Koma imanyalanyaza kuphwanya malamulo aku US ndi NATO ochulukirapo pamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndikuwatsogolera pazovuta zomwe zikuyambitsa Cold War yatsopano:
- kuwukira kosaloledwa a Kosovo, Afghanistan ndi Iraq;
- ndi mgwirizano wosweka pakukula kwa NATO ku Eastern Europe;
- Kuchoka ku US kuchokera kumgwirizano wofunika wowongolera zida;
- Kuposa 300,000 mabomba ndi zida zoponyera mayiko ena ndi United States ndi anzawo kuyambira 2001;
- Ma proxy aku US ku Libya ndi Syria, yomwe idasokoneza mayiko onse awiriwa, idatsitsimutsa Al Qaeda ndikupanga Islamic State;
- Kuwongolera kwa US ya kuwukira kwa 2014 ku Ukraine, komwe kudapangitsa kugwa kwachuma, Kulanda dziko la Crimea ku Russia ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Eastern Ukraine; ndipo
- zowona zenizeni za mbiri yaku United States ngati wankhanza wamba yemwe amanyansidwa naye nkhondo ndalama zochepa zaku Russia zodziwononga ndi 11 mpaka 1 ndi China ndi 2.8 mpaka 1, ngakhale osawerengera ndalama zomwe mayiko ena a NATO amawononga.
Kulephera kwa NATO kuti isanthule mozama gawo lawo pazomwe amatcha kuti "nthawi zosatsimikizika" kuyenera kukhala koopsa kwambiri kwa aku America ndi azungu kuposa kudzudzula kwawo kumodzi ku Russia ndi China, omwe zopereka zawo pakutsimikizika kwa nthawi yathu ino sizingafanane.
Kusungidwa kwakanthawi ndi kufutukuka kwa NATO kwa m'badwo wonse kutha kwa USSR ndikumapeto kwa Cold War kwabweretsa tsoka kukonzanso nkhondoyi - kapena mwina zidapangitsa kuti chitsitsimutso chawo chisapewere.
Ma NATO Chosinkhasinkha Gulu imalungamitsa ndikulimbikitsa Cold War yatsopano ku United States ndi NATO podzaza lipoti lawo ndikuwunika koopsa mbali imodzi. Kuwunikanso moona mtima komanso moyenera za zoopsa zomwe zikukumana ndi dziko lapansi komanso udindo wa NATO mwa iwo kungapangitse dongosolo losavuta mtsogolo mwa NATO: kuti lisungunuke ndikuwonongedwa mwachangu momwe zingathere.
Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.
